ADRENAL GLANDS Jen, Erin, Haleigh, Jeana Period 1.
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Transcript of ADRENAL GLANDS Jen, Erin, Haleigh, Jeana Period 1.
ADRENAL GLANDSJen, Erin, Haleigh, JeanaPeriod 1
WHERE ARE THEY?
The adrenal glands are located bilaterally in the retroperitoneum superior and slightly medial to the kidneys
CORTISOL
A type of glucocorticosteroid associated with stress-fighting and anti-inflammatory responses
Helps metabolize lipids and proteins to produce energy
Diets high in protein and fat require cortisol for these molecules to be used in place of carbohydrates
The adrenal cortex would diminish without regular adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretions
ALDOSTERONE A steroid hormone that the adrenal cortex secretes to control sodium and potassium in the blood
It is the major mineralocorticosteroid that the adrenal cortex secretes
Regulates the minerals potassium and sodium
A healthy balance of potassium and sodium are necessary for normal muscle and nerve function
Increased potassium and decreased sodium in the blood are two factors that signal to release of aldosterone to regulate salts and retain water
This occurs in the digestive system, kidneys, salivary glands, and sweat glands
ADRENALINE A hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to exercise, fear, or stress
It is the main hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
Heavy physical exertion and stress are the two most common signals that cause adrenaline secretion
Low blood sugar also promotes adrenaline secretion by signaling the hypothalamus
Diverts blood away from many of the body organs and directs it to muscle
Elevates the metabolic rate of muscle cells, and increases blood pressure and heart function
NOREPINEPHRINE A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that has a stimulatory effect on the nervous system
Primarily affects nerve cell function related to the body’s response to activity stress
Norepinephrine and adrenaline both increase the discharge of glucose and fats into the blood
Causes an increase in the amount of oxygen going to the brain, an increase in heart rate, and an increase in breathing rate
VIDEO CLIP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDS3vJ_qTQ8
DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH CORTISOL IN THE ADRENAL
GLANDS Cushing’s Syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol.
Cushing's syndrome occurs when the body's tissues are exposed to high levels of cortisol for too long.
This disease is relatively rare and most commonly affects adults aged 20 to 50.
WHAT CAUSES CUSHING’S SYNDROME? Cushing's syndrome occurs when the
body's tissues are exposed to excessive levels of cortisol for long periods of time
First, the hypothalamus sends corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) to the pituitary gland
CRH causes the pituitary to secrete ACTH (adrenocorticotropin), a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands
When the adrenals, which are located just above the kidneys, receive the ACTH, they respond by releasing cortisol into the bloodstream
SYMPTOMS OF CUSHING SYNDROME
People suffer symptoms because they take glucocorticoid hormones such as: prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and other inflammatory diseases, or for immunosuppression after transplantation
Symptoms vary most people have upper body obesity, rounded face, increased fat around the neck, and thinning arms and legs
children tend to be obese with slowed growth rates
Other symptoms appear in the skin becomes fragile and thin bruises easily and heals poorly purplish pink stretch marks may appear on the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, arms and breasts
bones are weakened routine activities such as bending, lifting or rising from a chair may lead to backaches, rib and spinal column fractures.
SYMPTOMS (CONT.)
Most people have severe fatigue, weak muscles, high blood pressure and high blood sugar
Irritability, anxiety and depression are common
Women usually have excess hair growth on their faces, necks, chests, abdomens, and thighsTheir menstrual periods may become irregular or stop
Men have decreased fertility with diminished or absent desire for sex.
WHAT CAUSES ADDISON’S DISEASE? Failure to produce adequate levels of
cortisol can occur for different reasons
The problem may be due to a disorder of the adrenal glands themselves (primary adrenal insufficiency) or to inadequate secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (secondary adrenal insufficiency)
Most cases are caused by the gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal glands, by the body's own immune system
SYMPTOMS OF ADDISON’S DISEASE
chronic, worsening fatigue
muscle weakness
loss of appetite
weight loss
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
low blood pressure that falls further when standing, causing dizziness or fainting
skin changes
VIDEO CLIPS
Cushing’s Syndrome: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1osIAtrto2k
Addison’s Disease: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AEPFheyqYE
INTERESTING FACTS:
Most people know about the adrenal glands because of James L. Wilson. He is naturopathic doctor who created the term “adrenal fatigue,” calling it the “21st-century stress syndrome and used it for the title of his book in 1998. He believes modern life and chronic stress exhaust the adrenal glands, overworking them and causing them to produce lower levels of hormones needed to cope with stress.
Adrenal fatigue is unproven and most endocrinologists dismiss it as an “Internet disease.”
INTERESTING FACTS:
Most people know about the adrenal glands because of James L. Wilson. He is naturopathic doctor who created the term “adrenal fatigue,” calling it the “21st-century stress syndrome and used it for the title of his book in 1998. He believes modern life and chronic stress exhaust the adrenal glands, overworking them and causing them to produce lower levels of hormones needed to cope with stress.
Adrenal fatigue is unproven and most endocrinologists dismiss it as an “Internet disease.”
FUN FACTS
Adrenal glands are acorn sized
They control the flight or fight hormones
Each gland weighs about 4 grams
CONCEPT QUESTIONS
1. Where is the adrenal gland located?
2. What are the four different hormones associated with the adrenal gland?
3. What are the causes of Cushing’s Syndrome and Addison’s Disease?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Cushing's Syndrome Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What Causes Cushing's Syndrome? - MedicineNet." MedicineNet. N.p., 15
Apr. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
"Addison's Disease Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Addison's Disease? - MedicineNet." MedicineNet. N.p., 15 Apr. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
“Adrenal Gland: Fascinating Facts about Body Parts | Toronto Star." Thestar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.”