Adlug annual meeting 2013

Copyright 2009-2010 @CULT. All rights reserved

Tiziana Possemato

32st ADLUG ANNUAL MEETING 2013

ARTIUM and the Fundación Sancho El Sabio – Vitoria-Gasteiz

16th – 18th October 2013

RDA, Bibframe, Linked data: follow the evolution of cataloging inside the LMS

Copyright 2009-2010 @CULT. All rights reserved 2

The global environment

Functional Requirements for Authority Data

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

Resource Description and Access

International Cataloguing Principles Semantic web/Linked data

Bibframe

Where we are moving…


FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

• Entities

• Relationships

• Attributes

One Entity Another Entity

• National level required elements

relationship


FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

Shakespeare Hamlet

created

was created by

Pers

on

Work


is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

recursive

one

many

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 1

FRBR: inherent Group 1 Relationships


Group 2

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Corporate Body

Family

FRBR: Relationships between Groups 1 & 2


ICP: Statement of International Cataloguing Principles

ICP general principles

• Convenience of user

• Representation

• Common usage

• Accuracy

• Sufficiency and necessity

• Significance

• Economy

• Consistency and Standardization

• Integration

• Defensible, not arbitrary

• If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution


RDA: Resource Description and Access

Based on IFLA’s international models and principles

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR; 1998)

• Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD; 2009)

• Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP; 2009)


RDA: goals*

RDA is:

• A new standard for resource description and access

• Designed for the digital world:• Optimized for use as online product

• Description and access of all resources (all types of content and media)

• Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, WebOPACs, etc.)

• Rules should be easy to use and interpret

• Be applicable to an online, networked environment

*Barbara Tillett, Seminar on RDA


RDA: goals*

• Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media

• Encourage use beyond the library community

• Be compatible with other similar standards

• Have a logical structure based on internationally agreedprinciples

• Separate content and carrier data

• Examples – more of them, more appropriate

Basic goals: identify and relate (from FRBR/FRAD user tasksand ICP)


RDA: Summary of differences*

• Based on principles• ICP

• Based on conceptual models• FRBR/FRAD

• Content, not encoding, standard:• not a display standard,

• not an encoding standard: use whatever schema you prefer, such as Marc21,Dublin Core etc.

• Strictly related to the Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative

• More international

• Wider scope and resources



RDA: Summary of differences*

• Includes authority data• based on attributes and relationships in FRAD.

• Authorized/variant access point and elements continue to be documented inauthority records

• Has controlled vocabularies• Only a few closed: content, media and carrier types; mode of issuance; etc.

• Most are open: cataloguer can supply term if needed term not in list

• Vocabularies being registered on the Web -- goal of multiple languages and/orscripts (http://metadataregistry.org/rdabrowse.htm)

• Changes in instruction vocabulary

• Core elements


http://metadataregistry.org/rdabrowse.htm








RDA in Marc21

RDA: “use whatever schema you prefer, such as Marc21, Dublin Core etc.”

I can catalogue in RDA using Marc21… but

some updates are needed!


RDA record in Marc21 format

040 $e rda

content, media, carrier

264 as publisher


Full update of Marc21 Bibliographic and Authority: numbers

• Marc21 Bibliographic Format updates: 252tags/subfields

• Marc21 Authority Format updates: 167tags/subfields (total of 3249 elements checked and revised)

(strong effort of LibriCore)

• Integration of Authority manage in OliSuite/WeCat


Marc must die? From record to data

http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf

Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and Supporting Services











Bibliographic Framework

Bibliographic Framework as a Web of Data: Linked Data Model and Supporting Services

(Library of Congress – November 21, 2012)

• The result of a reflection and study process about the functions of the catalog, the actuality of Marc, of cataloging standards, the new types of resources.

• It‟s the first step of a road map that will lead to a review and proposal of a new environment for bibliographic libraries, a new bibliographic ecosystem

• Convertion of bibliographic data in linked data: this process has to be an evolution and not a revolution


Bibliographic Framework

• Reflections on new cataloging rules

• Greater level of identification and analysis of the data

• More attention to the controlled vocabularies

• Increased use of terms with respect to codes

• Emphasis on relationships

• Greater flexibility within checked headings


Library data and Semantic web

As Karen Coyle suggests us, the question that we must face is:

“How we can best transform our data so that it can become part ofthe dominant information environment that is the Web”*

How we can transform our data so that they can be OF THE WEB andnot on the web

*Karen Coyle, Understanding the Semantic web: bibliographic data and metadata


Library data and Semantic web

Web of document (traditional web)

vs Web of data (Semantic web)

Web of document: identity issues and interoperability


Web: identity issues and interoperability

2006: Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the world wide web (www), offers the Linked Data as elegant and effective method to simplify and standardize the solutions to the problems of identity and interoperability.

The method aims to create a web of data (or entities or things) and is part of the technology for the Semantic Web

[http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html]


The Semantic web or Web of data

*17th International World Wide Web Conference W3C Track @ WWW2008, Beijing, China 23-24 April 2008 -Linked Data: Principles and State of the Art

Il web di dati o web semantico

”A web of things in the world, described by data on the web”


The four rules for linked data

“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about

making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of

data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find

other, related, data.”

Tim Berners-Lee proposes four rules to create linked data on the web:

1. Use URIs as names for things.

2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.

3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using

the standards (RDF*, SPARQL).

4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things.


Linked data and RDF (ResourceDescription Framework)

The Linked data are usually published on the web in RDF

Each statement in RDF is constituted by a triple formed by

subject -- predicate -- object


Published byCarlo

Collodi

Le avventure di

Pinocchio

Poggi

Un burattino di

nome Pinocchio

1881Pinocchio

Author of

date

Dramatized as

Adapted as

MazzantiIllustrated by

Una struttura estremamente semplice che rende

possibile a ciascuno formulare asserzioni su

qualsiasi cosa

The RDF triples


The focus of our attention now is…


…on the bibliographic record


Centrality of the bibliographic record –Drawbacks

• Redundancy of information

• High costs

• Production of closed silos, and mostly not usable outside

of the library world


Marc21 and Linked data

In the semantic web MARC record is seen as a

primary source of information, for the

enormous amount of data contained therein and to

the high degree of semantics present in it


Marc21 and Linked data

xv, 240 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

Updated ed.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 240).

edited by Michael Hattaway.

Fathers and daughters--Drama.

Cambridge University Press, 2009.

But the semantics expressed in the record is only comprehensible

to the human eye. The individual elements, isolated from the record,

lose their meaning


One bibliographic record…


… many statements or triples

has author Shakespeare,William

Has subject

has publication date

has title

has publisher

As you like it

Cambridge U Press

Padri e figlie

2009

Triple

The resource


RDF Triple

http://lccn.loc.gov/2009025024 (the book)

http://RDVocab.info/roles/HasAuthor (has

author)

http://lcna.loc.gov/n 78095332 (the author)

Controlled vocabulary and ontology


Linked data vs record

As you like it

Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Michael Hattaway.

Fathers and daughters--Drama

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616

Controlled vocabulary and ontology


Linked data vs bibliographic record

• Linked data => not focused on records but on individual

assertions or statements of atomic structure (triples)

• Each statement (RDF triple) thus produced can be

recorded with URI/URIs, which connects the data to

others on the same dataset or in external datasets

• Moving these statements understandable to machines

on the web transforms the data contained in the original

Marc record in integral part of the Semantic Web


Try to summarize core concepts

• Resource of the Web identified through URI

• Atomic elements related one another through links:

entity/relations model

• Less interest to description (“Take what you see” and

“Accept what you get”) and more relevance to access

control => authority record, controlled vocabulary

and ontology

• Data understandable and re-usable by machines: the

Resource Description Framework (RDF) as framework for

representing information in the Web.


Authority module in WeCat

The full authority manage into WeCat



Authority record

in WeCat


Manage ontology in OliSuite/WeCat

See here how each tag is “mapped” with URI coming from different ontology



An authorized person can associate each tag to one or more entity from

vocabulary and ontology



Tag 110 (Name as Main entry) producersName in RDA vocabulary


Checking ontology in OliSuite/WeCat

The cataloguer click on the tag

label to open the screen where

the mapping with ontology

element is reported



Tag 110 (Name as Main entry) producersName in RDA vocabulary

and M1001_a in Marc 21 Element Set



The URI refers directly to the specific element present on the Open Metadata

Registry, where many of „library‟ ontologies and vocabularies are published


GMD as content, media and carrier in RDA

The GMD – General Material Designator of AACR2 and ISBD

is coded in three fields in RDA, and the content of each field is

taken from controlled vocabularies:

• Tag 336: CONTENT

• Tag 337: MEDIA

• Tag 338: CARRIER

In OliSuite/WeCat the cataloguer can choose the content of each

field from e list, that refers to controlled vocabulary on Open

Metadata Registry



Tag 336: CONTENT


The content concepts…

…from controlled vocabulary



The same for tag 337: MEDIA



The same for tag 338: CARRIER


Include ID (URI) to identify heading

URIs reported in tag 1xx/7xx $0: see hereUmberto, Eco associated to VIAF URI, to make a link with VIAF –Virtual International Authority File



The URI associated to an heading is repeatable and identify each heading. See here it in the authority record



The URI can be used both by cataloguer – to check the heading on VIAF or other projects, and to end user, aftern, on the OPAC


Just to close…

…giving a look to “economy” principle of ICP(see some example to make easier the cataloguing process: the autocomplete function in heading creation)

Adlug annual meeting 2013

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