Activity Aids

• AHSAN ANWAR 36

• MUHAMMAD UMAR 49

• SHAN MAHMOOD 57

ACTIVITY AIDS

Demonstration Field trip study Programmed instruction Experimetation

Demonstration

Demonstration is the process in which one person does something in the presence of others in order to slow how to do it or illustrate a principle. Demonstration uses both auditory and visual means of communication.

Advantages

It adds to learning by giving students the

opportunity to see and hear what is actually happening.

Good demonstration holds the learner’s attention.

Students can conduct demonstrations, thus building associated skills and attitudes.

It can be illustrate ideas, principles, concepts. It can be financially economical since only the

demonstrater needs materials. Good demonstration set performance standards.

Demonstration can require much planning and preparation by demonstrator.

Several demonstration become time consuming.

A demonstration can be ineffective if the demonstrator only ‘shows and tells’ without feedback.

Limitations

Maximum utilization

Spend the necessary time to plan and develop

the needed material for the demonstration. Practice the demonstration in its entirety with an

eye on time limitations. When it is time to put on the demonstration make

sure that all materials are at hand. Utilize questions during the demonstration to

provide feed back. It feasible, have a student or two replicatethe

demonstration.

Field Tripsstudy

What is field trip study ?The Field trip is a trip arranged

by the school and undertaken for educational purpose, in which students go to places where the materials of instruction may be observed and studied directly in their functional setting..

Strengths of Field TripsStrengths Field studies provide the

students with interesting , first hand experience .

Students become more aware of their envirnment .

Field trip extend classroom learning through reality .

Limitationso Adminstrative procedure to

organize field trips are so complicated.

o Dicipline can easily become a problem.

o If not properly planned , the field trip become waaste of time.

o Transpotation arrangments are often difficult and costly.

Programmed instruction

The learning performed or intruction provided by a teaching machine .

Programmed instruction is a technique of self instruction in which the entire educational load is carried by the teaching machine or programme tests.

Advantages

The student is continually active when he is using a programme.

Immediate reinforcement helps the student to know wheather his answer is right or wrong.

A programme is planned and prepared carefully than a teacher would do for a conventional classroom.

Limitations

Programmed instruction does not eliminate competetion or grades as often claimed.

The pupil –teacher contact which is so vital for development of human personality is completely lost.

In language learning speech is equally important as development of reading and coprehension skills.But there is no scope of providing this.

14

What is

an ex

perim

ent?

Experimentation

The word experimentation means an act, process, practice or an instance of making eperiments .

Experimentation means trying something new and unproven and it is a trial and error process.

Experimentation as an activity aid

To perform certain experimnts either in labortary or field to help the students uderstand various concepts in the subjects of science.

Most of the experiments in Physics , Chemistry and Biology are carried out in the school or college labortary in the supervision of concerned teacher.

For example, peparation of different gases , salt analysismicroscopic view of animal and plant cells.

Some experiments of Biology are undertaken in the fileld for example stydy of ecosystem.

Advantages

• It hold attention and interests of students.• It clarifies various ideas ,principles and

concepts.• It gives practical skill of undertaking

experiments• It helps the students in undertaking the

application of knowledge in practical life.

Limitations

It is time consuming.

All experiments cannot be done in lab.

It can not be properly used with large classes because all students cannot be involved.