Activity 12 Major Concepts: Graphing is used to analyze and clarify data People make important...
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![Page 1: Activity 12 Major Concepts: Graphing is used to analyze and clarify data People make important personal and social decisions based on perceptions of benefits.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062619/55157aa055034674578b5323/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Activity 12 Major Concepts:• Graphing is used to analyze and clarify
data
• People make important personal and social decisions based on perceptions of benefits and risks (trade-offs)
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Activity 14 Major Concepts:• Substances have characteristic properties,
such as density and conductivity, that are independent of the amount of the sample
• Substances are often placed in categories or groups if they react in similar ways; metal is an example of such a group
• The properties of materials determine their uses
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Activity 15
Title: Families of Elements
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Read B-19Problem: How can elements be grouped
based on their physical and chemical properties?
Hypothesis/Initial Thoughts:
Procedure: Read and follow the procedure on pages B-20 and B-21.
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Background:• More than 2000 years ago, the Greeks
introduced the idea that there were some basic building blocks of matter, called elements
• Today scientists know that there are 90 naturally occurring elements---substances that cannot be broken down by any normal chemical means, such as heating, reacting them with acids or other chemicals, or exposing them to electrical currents.
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Background:
• Each visible sample of an element is made of many billions of small particles called atoms.
• Each kind of element is made of a particular kind of atom.
• From Activity 14:– Copper– Aluminum– Iron– carbon
These 4 are elements and are among some of the first elements early scientists discovered
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Background:
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Element symbol (chemical symbol)
• Shown by one or two letter symbols
• A capitol letter (H, B, S, O)
OR
• A capitol and a lower case letter (Br, Si, Zn)
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Physical Properties
• Metal or non-metal
• Solid, liquid or gas
• The color of most common form(s)
• The atomic mass refers to the mass of one atom (the smallest bit of each element) as based on hydrogen.– Can’t directly be weighed– Expressed as atomic mass units (amu)
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Chemical Properties
• Reactivity refers to how likely the element is to interact chemically, or react, with other elements.– Oxygen is very reactive, so its reactivity is
listed as high.
• Number of hydrogen bonds– Hydrogen is the simplest element and can
form only one bond
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Sort the element cards
• Form at least 3 categories
• Must have 2 similar characteristics within each category
• You might want to start with only one criterion to begin your categories
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Data/Observation:
Procedure #4 (My Classification)
Group name
If needed
If needed
Common properties
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Procedure #9 (Class Classification)
Family Name
Similar Properties
Elements in order of increasing atomic mass
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Follow-up:• The cards in the activity show only 14 of
over 100 known elements
• Scientists have taken a similar approach to classify and organize all the elements onto a table called the Periodic Table of Elements
• The categories for the Element Family Cards are four of the accepted scientific classifications
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alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
halogensnoble gases