Acknowledgements Justin Dulaney (Coahoma Co.) Earl Kline (Bolivar Co.) Collier Tillman (Leflore Co.)...
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Transcript of Acknowledgements Justin Dulaney (Coahoma Co.) Earl Kline (Bolivar Co.) Collier Tillman (Leflore Co.)...
Acknowledgements
• Justin Dulaney(Coahoma Co.)
• Earl Kline(Bolivar Co.)
• Collier Tillman(Leflore Co.)
• Buddy Allen(Tunica Co.)
• Kirk Satterfield(Bolivar Co.)
• Tim Walker(MS DREC)
• Shane Powers(YMD)
• Lyle Pringle(MSU DREC)
• Jim Thomas(MSU ABE ret.)
• MAFES
• MS Rice Promotion Board
• MS Water ResourcesResearch Institute
• YMD
Collaborators Support
2010-2012 On-Farm TrialsIntermittent Rice Irrigation
• 6 Clearfield rice varietiesusing 4 reps per variety.
• Planted at the top (alternatingwet-dry) and bottom(~continuous flood) of paddy.
• 150 lbs N per A applied.
• Yield and milling quality.
• Water use and pumping pattern.
• Rainfall
Varietal Response
2010-2012 Rice On-Farm Variety x Intermittent Irrigation Trials
Average Yield (lbs/A)
Entry Top of Paddy Bottom of Paddy p-value
(N=12) (N=12)
CL111 11,030 10,409 0.1152
CL131 9,974 8,995 0.0004
CL142 11,210 10,731 0.1147
CL151 11,482 10,577 0.0002
CL181 9,235 8,859 0.3179
CLXL745 12,112 11,887 0.4949
Global Comparison 10,769 10,156 0.0011
(N=82) (N=84)
2010 Variety x Intermittent Irrigation TrialClay soil w/ 5 wet-drying cycles using 23 A-in/A
Variety Top of Paddy(int flood)
Bottom of Paddy(cont flood)
Type III Pr > F
Rice Yield (lb/A) dry
6004 10,548 9,067 0.0326
Bowman 9,838 9,905 0.9004
CL111 10,850 11,380 0.5048
CL131 9,142 9,762 0.2304
CL142 11,605 10,489 0.0643
CL151 11,428 10,852 0.2763
CL181 9,588 9,278 0.6637
CLX745 12,386 11,698 0.1889
Cheniere 10,576 10,124 0.1017
Cocodrie 10,796 10,528 0.2154
Neptune 10,396 9,452 0.0756
Rex 10,481 9,899 0.1846
Taggart 11,486 10,961 0.3535
Templeton 11,083 9,933 0.0618
XL723 12,809 12,808 0.9986
Rice yields were either unaffected (p > 0.05) or slightly higher (p < 0.05) for the plots subjected
to intermittent flooding.
2010-2012 Rice On-Farm Variety x Intermittent Irrigation Trials
Year Wet-Dry Cycles
Irrigation Added (A-in)
Rainfall(A-in)
Total(A-in)
2010 5 23 10.6 33.6
2011 8 18 7.6 25.6
2012 6 18 3.1 21.1
Avg. 6 ± 2 20 ± 3 7 ± 4 27 ± 6
Pringle (1994) How much water does rice actually need?
Depending on soil and cultivar, rice needs ~14 to 25 A-in/A water per 80-day flood in Mississippi.
Soil Inches per80-d Flood
Sharkey 1.2
Alligator 1.2
Forestdale 3.3
Brittain 3.6
Avg. Deep Percolation Losses Variety Measured
ET (inches)
Rosemont 12.8 ± 3.0
Maybelle 13.6 ± 1.7
Newbonnet 15.7 ± 2.2
Lemont 16.7 ± 2.1
Avg. Evapo-Transpiration Losses
1991 rainfall was 66.5% of avg.1993 rainfall was 97.9% of avg.
ET was linearly-related to biomassproduction
38
905
10152025303540455055
CoutourLevees
StraightLevee(SL)
SL + SideInlet
ZeroGrade
SeasonalRainfall
(A-i
n/A
)
44
38
31
20 9
YMD (2009)6-yr average water use in Mississippi rice production
Pringle (1994): Water Use Requirements for Rice in the MS Delta
~60,000 A-ft savings if convert existing SL to Side-Inlet using 31 A-in
For Existing Straight-Levee Rice
38
905
10152025303540455055
CoutourLevees
StraightLevee(SL)
SL + SideInlet
ZeroGrade
SeasonalRainfall
(A-i
n/A
)
44
38
31
20 9
YMD (2009)6-yr average water use in Mississippi rice production
Pringle (1994): Water Use Requirements for Rice in the MS Delta
~109,000 A-ft savings if convert existing SL to Side-Inlet using 25 A-in
For Existing Straight-Levee Rice
25
Conversion of All Straight LeveeAcres to Optimized Side-Inlet
If Convert
From:
To: Acres(1000s)
WaterUseDifference
Potential H2OSavings(A-ft)
Straight
Levee
SL +
Side-Inletavg use
(31 A-in/A)
99.9 0.5 A-ft 59,900
Avg.
SL +
Side-Inlet(31 A-in/A)
OptimizedSL +Side Inlet(25- A-in/A)
144.3 0.5 A-ft 72,100
Total
Potential
Savings
132,000
Conversion of All Straight LeveeAcres to Optimized Side-Inlet
If Convert
From:
To: Acres(1000s)
WaterUseDifference
Potential H2OSavings(A-ft)
Straight
Levee
SL +
Side-Inletavg use
(31 A-in/A)
99.9 0.5 A-ft 59,900
Avg.
SL +
Side-Inlet(31 A-in/A)
OptimizedSL +Side Inlet(25- A-in/A)
144.3 0.5 A-ft 72,100
Total
Potential
Savings
132,000Value assumes pumping 25 A-in/A,not total that would include rainfall capture.
Average Water Use by Different MS Rice Irrigation Systems
05
10152025303540455055
CoutourLevees
StraightLevee (SL)
SL + SideInlet
Intermittent(Dulaney)
ZeroGrade
SeasonalRainfall
(A-i
n/A
)
44
38
31
22 20
SL + Side Inlet + Intermittent
10-yr pumped average @ Dulaney Seed
Average Water Use by Different MS Rice Irrigation Systems
05
10152025303540455055
CoutourLevees
StraightLevee (SL)
SL + SideInlet
Intermittent(Dulaney)
ZeroGrade
SeasonalRainfall
(A-i
n/A
)
44
38
31
21 20
SL + Side Inlet + Intermittent
4-yr pumped average @ Kline Farms
Introduction to Side-Inlet Irrigation Training Video
Completed Nov 2012Free DVDs available
Side-Inlet = Foundational Practice
Co-written and reviewed by farmers
‘It takes an experienced crew of three about one hour to lay one roll of tubing, install gates, punch air holes, and begin initial flood.’
Justin DulaneyClarksdale, MS
242 depthgaugesbuilt anddistributedto farmersin 2012
http://msucares.com/pubs/infosheets_research/i1358.pdf
Gauges Help with Flood Management
Top of Levee
4-in Freeboard for Rain Capture
Top of Levee
Emergency Overflow
~12-inTop of Gate
4-in Controlled Flood
• Maintain freeboard to maximize rainfall capture and to reduce runoff.
21st Century Bin Busters
Rice Harvest Competition
Reward and Recognize InnovationRice Harvest Competition
Harvest Index: Bushels Produced / A-in H2O (pumped + rainfall)
Estimated Energy Used By Groundwater-Based Irrigation Systems per A-in Water Delivered
State Diesel
(gallons)
Electric(kWh)
per Acre-in water pumped
AR(Tacker)
1 38
LA (Sheffield)
1.1 42
MO(Vories)
0.8 30
MS(Thomas)
0.7 27
Avg. 0.9 gal 34 kWh
Remind farmers that:
For every inch of water not pumped, ~ 1 gallon/A diesel fuel is saved.
$Systematic Approach to Water and Energy
Conservation in Irrigation of Row Crops
Economics
AgronomicManagement
Crop Breeding
State/FederalRegul
ations
Irrigation Technology
Row Rice Trial (N=1)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
41040 41050 41060 41070 41080 41090 41100 41110 41120 41130 41140 41150 41160
Date/Time
Se
ns
or
De
pth
(ft
)
Green Line:One-Half Field= Mud
Red Line:Entire Field = Mud
FloodInitiation5/23/12
FloodTermination
Blue Line: Paddy Full
Irrigation added: 39 A-in/A Days less than full-flood: 88Rainfall received: 15 in Water-use index: 4.2 bu/A-inYield: 165 bu/A (dry)
Runoff