� According to S.C. Dube, Tribe is an aggregate of

people sharing social values, common dialect,

territory and culture.

� Territory

� Common Dialect

� Absence of Writing

� Kinship� Kinship

� Chieftainship

� Totemism

� Animism

� Subsistence Economy

� Marriage

� Ethnocentric

� Simple Division of Labour

� Relations are Face-to-Face and Multiplex� Relations are Face-to-Face and Multiplex

� Man-Land Relationship

� Under the constitution of India,certain tribes

have been specified as the scheduled tribes.

� The constitution of India neither defines or lays down

any criteria for specifying the scheduled tribes.any criteria for specifying the scheduled tribes.

� As per article 366(25) of the constitution,the

scheduled tribes means such tribes or tribal

communities or parts of or groups within such tribes

or tribal communities as are deemed under article

342 to be scheduled tribes for the purposes of the

constitution.

� The gonds

� The bhils

� The santhals

� The minas� The minas

� The oraons

� The mundas

� The khonds

Racial classification(sir herbert risley)

1 the indo-aryan

2the dravidian type

3the mongoloid type

4the aryo-dravidian type

5the mongola-dravidian type

6the scytho-dravidian type

� Guha’s classification

� The negrito

� The proto-australoid

� The mongoloid

o Palaeo-mongoloid

� The mediterranean

Palaeo-mediterranean6the scytho-dravidian type

7the turko-iranian type

� Palaeo-mediterranean

� Mediterranean

� Oriental type

� The western brachycephals

� Alpinoids

� Dinaric

� Armenoids

� The nordic

� The concept of the tribal family is explained by

referring to the following bases:

� Descent

� Residence� Residence

� Membership

� Number of mates

� Patrilineal descent. (santhal,ho.gond,bhil,munda)

� Matrilineal descent.(garo,khasi,nayars)

� Double-descent.(the dasama kacharis)

� MONOGAMY

� POLYGAMY

• POLYGYNY(NAGAS)

• POLYANDRY(KHASIS,NAYARS)

POLYGYNY POLYANDRY

SORORAL

NON-SORORAL

FRATERNAL

NON-FRATERNAL

� Patrilocal(ho,bhil,gujjars,kharia)

� Matrilocal (khasi,chenchus)

� Bilocal

� Neolocal (munda,oraonsho,santhals)� Neolocal (munda,oraonsho,santhals)

The joint family

The nuclear family

The extended family

� MARRIAGE BY CAPTURE.

� MARRIAGE BY PURCHASE.

� MARRIAGE BY EXCHANGE.

� MARRIAGE BY ELOPMENT.� MARRIAGE BY ELOPMENT.

� MARRIAGE BY SERVICE.

� MARRIAGE BY INTRUSION.

� MARRIAGE BYTRIAL.

� MARRIAGE BY MUTUAL CONSENT.

� MARRIAGE BY PROBATION.

� FOOD GATHERERS AND HUNTERS.

� SHIFTING CULTIVATIORS.

� CULTIVATORS.

� PASTORALIST.� PASTORALIST.

� ARTISANS.

� INDUSTRIAL LABOURS.

� FOREST BASED ECONOMY.

� FAMILY AS A UNIT OF PRODUCTION AND

CONSUMPTION.

� SIMPLE TECHNOLOGY.� SIMPLE TECHNOLOGY.

� COMMUNITY AS A COOPERATIVE UNIT.

� PERIODICAL MARKETS.

� ABSENCE OF PROFIT IN ECONOMIC DEALINGS.

� GIFT AND CEREMONIAL EXCHANGE.

� SHIFTING CULTIVATION.

� FOREST RIGHTS.

� LAND ALIENATION.

� INDEBTEDNESS.� INDEBTEDNESS.

� EMPLOYMENT.