ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE GHAZIABAD

INDUSTRIAL SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATTION SESSION 2015-16 COMPLETED AT ELECTRIC LOCO SHED GHAZIABAD

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:MR. MAYANK KUSHWAHA PALASH AWASTHI(ASTT. PROFESSOR) 1203240100

PRESENTATION AT A GLANCE• HISTORY• MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENTS AT LOCOSHED• MAINTENANCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOCOS• PANTOGRAPH• WHEEL AND AXLE ASSEMBLY• AIR BRAKE SYSTEM• ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES

WHAT IS LOCO AND LOCO SHED?• Loco is the engine of the loco motives .• It consists of two bogies i.e. 12 wheels .• The driver also drives the train in the loco.• The place at which the maintenance of locos

is done, known as loco shed depending upon type of locos they are termed as electric loco or diesel loco sheds.

HISTORY• 1st Electric locomotive was built by

a Scotsman, Robert Davidson  of Aberdeen in 1837 & powered by  batteries.

• 1st Electric passenger train was presented by Werner von Siemens at Berlin in 1879. Driven by a 2.2 kW motor & reached a maximum speed of 13 km/h

CONTINUED……• Locomotives in India consist of electric and diesel

locomotives.  Locomotives are also called locos or engines. • An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by

electricity from overhead lines, an on-board energy storage device such as a chemical battery or fuel cell

• Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors.

• Electric Loco Shed was set in 1976 by Railway Electrification Organisation (8910 SQ. MTRS).

INITIAL COST Rs. 1.5 (IN CRORES) PRESENT LOCO HOLDING 185

MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENTS• M-1 :WHEEL MAINTENANCE• M-2: BODY REPAIRING• M-3:PENTOGRAPH• M-5:BRAKES • M-5’: COMPRESSORS

LOCOS MAINTENANCE AT SHED• Ghaziabad electric loco shed serves the Delhi area. It

houses and maintains India's fastest locomotives which are mostly used in Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto Expresses. It holds 47 WAP-1 locos as of 2008. It also has WAP-4, WAP-5, WAP-7 and WAG-5 locos.

• "W" means broad gauge. "A" mean AC electric traction motive power. "P" means suitable for Passenger service. "5" denotes that this locomotive is chronologically the fifth electric locomotive model used by the railways for passenger service

PANTOGRAPH • Now a days many locos are running through

Electricity with the help of OHE line.• A pantograph is a device that collects electric

current from overhead lines for electric trains or trams.

• Pantograph is used to connect the loco with OHE line• Pantograph draws 25 KV of electricity from OHE line,

which is very high AC voltage.

CONTINUED….• It is spring loaded and pushes a contact shoe up

against the contact wire to draw the electricity needed to run the train.

• Pantographs are typically operated by compressed air from the vehicle's braking system, either to raise the unit and hold it against the conductor .

HOW DOES A PANTOGRAPH PERFORMS

WHEEL AND AXLE ASSEMBLY • This is the part which is just adjacent to the tracks.

It basically consists of four main parts a) Wheel b) Axle c) Bearing and Housing• WHEEL Wheel is specifically made cylindrical portion

having an outer edge shape to fit in the railway track. The material is stainless steel.

CONTINUED……

AXLE

• Axle is the main long cylindrical bar on which wheels are fixed with the help of bearings. This is also made of stainless steel as above. Each axle contains 2 wheels, the brake cylinders are also attached to it and in case of coaches, the braking discs are fixed on to the axle.

COMPONENTS OF WHEEL AXLE ASSEMBLY

• Two brake disks (4), diameter 640 mm and width 110 mm.

• In built slack adjusting brake cylinder fitted • Two wheel disc of tread diameter 915 (New), 845

(worn) .

AXLE BEARINGS • A taper roller cartridge type bearing is used and it

makes up a preassembled unit. The axle bearings on the bogie are fitted with sensors for detecting speed (whose signal is elaborated by the ant slipping system) and a current return device.

• The ends of the control arms are fitted with centering devices for the primary suspension spring assembly. The bearing lubricating plug is fitted in the lower part.

CONTINUED……

1. Double cup

2. Sealing system

3. Backing ring

AXLE BEARING LONGITUDINAL SECTION

AIR BRAKE SYSTEM

In Air Brake system compressed air is used for operating the brake system. The locomotive compressor charges the feed pipe and the brake pipes throughout the length of the train. The feed pipe is connected to the auxiliary reservoirs and the brake pipe is connected to the brake cylinders through the distributor valve.

COMPONENTS OF AIR BRAKE SYSTEM

• Brake Container (Brake Equipment Panel)• or Pressure Tanks (125 litres, 75 litres, 6 litres)• Indicators• Distributor valve• B.P./F.P. Couplings and Hoses• Emergency Brake Pull Box• Emergency Brake valve• Bogie Brake Equipment, consisting of-• Brake Discs• Speed Sensor/Pulse Generator

TYPES OF AIR BRAKE SYSTEM Straight air brake: In the air brake's simplest form, called

the straight air system, compressed air pushes on a piston in a cylinder. The piston is connected through mechanical linkage to brake shoes that can rub on the train wheels, using the resulting friction to slow the train. The mechanical linkage can become quite elaborate, as it evenly distributes force from one pressurized air cylinder to 8 or 12 wheels.

The pressurized air comes from an air compressor in the locomotive and is sent from car to car by a train line made up of pipes beneath each car and hoses between cars. The principal problem with the straight air braking system is that any separation between hoses and pipes causes loss of air pressure and hence the loss of the force applying the brakes. This could easily cause a runaway train. Straight air brakes are still used on locomotives, although as a dual circuit system, usually with each bogie (truck) having its own circuit.

WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE

CONTINUED…• In order to design a system without the

shortcomings of the straight air system, Westinghouse invented a system wherein each piece of railroad rolling stock was equipped with an air reservoir and a triple valve, also known as a control valve

• The triple valve is described as being so named as it performs three functions: Charging air into an air tank ready to be used, applying the brakes, and releasing them

BRAKE APPLICATION

• The driver lowers the Break Pipe pressure by engaging the A-9 valve in the engine.

• This loss in pressure is transmitted from one bogey to the next.

• Since cylinder pressure remains same, the main diaphragm(above the cylinder) moves up in response to the pressure drop in Distributor Valve.

• As a result the ‘three pressure valve’ opens the AR Brake Cylinder port .

• Thus the AR pressure of 6 kg/cm^2 flows into the Brake Cylinder through pressure limiters which reduces BC pressure to 3.8. 

BRAKE RELEASE

• BP pressure is again increased to 5 kg/cm2.• Consequently, main diaphragm move down

and the ‘three pressure valve’ closes the AR-BC port and opens the BC- atm port.

• BC pressure is released and the brake caliper is disengaged.

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES• Electric engines do not produce much heat and

noise.• Electric engines are therefore easier to maintain

whereas the moving parts of a diesel engine require constant maintenance.

• The simple nature of the electric engine makes them efficient and powerful.

• Electric engines are light weight, constituting only motors and wheel axles, and have almost no moving parts.

• Do Not Produce Smock.

Thank you

Any query?