SUMMER INDUSTRIAL TRAININGOn

RADAR & TransmissionAT

Airport Authority of IndiaMade By:

Nalin DubeyB.Tech(ECE)

130020204016

Contents Introduction of Airport Authority of India CNS(Communication Navigation and Surveillance) RADAR S-BAND & L-BAND ASMGCS Necessity of A-SMGCS Transmission Stations Recent Developments Abbreviations Conclusion

Introduction• AAI is an organization working under

the ministry of civil aviations.• Formed on 1st April 1995 under the Act

of Parliament.• Creates, upgrade, maintain &

manages civil aviation infrastructure.• It provides Air traffic management (ATM) services

over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.• It also manages a total of 125 Airports, including 11

International Airports, 8 Customs Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil enclaves at Military Airfields.

CNS

CNS

Communication

NavigationSurveillance

Communication

• Communication refers to sending, receiving and processing of information by electronic means.

• In the air the communication takes place using VHF(Very High Frequency).

• HF(High Frequency) is not that useful for communication.

Voice

VHF

HF

RADAR

RADAR-Radio Detection and Ranging

• This system is part of both communication and navigation of the aircraft. There are different types of RADAR used in successful transmission of the data and the communication between the pilot and the ATC.

Type of RADAR• S-Band and an L-Band RADAR.– S-Band RADAR used for the long range communication.– L-Band RADAR used for the short range detection of the

aircraft.

Working of RADAR

S-Band & L-BandS-Band L-Band

It is used in case of long range data transmission.

It is used to detect any aircraft in the field.

Frequency Range is: 2-4 GHz

Frequency Range is: 1-2 GHz

It has 60 rpm. It has 15 rpm.

S-Band RADAR gives information of the flight with all the information at every second.

L-Band RADAR just gives a point on the RADAR.

S-BAND

Surveillance- A-SMGCS(Advance Surface Movement Guidance Control System)

Surveillance of the CNS System.• A-SMGCS provides Air Traffic Controllers with a complete picture of

the airport surface in all weather conditions.• This improves the controller’s situational awareness and increases

the level of safety at the airport.• The use of sensors (on the aircraft as well as on the ground) is an

advanced method of sensing obstructions on the aircraft taxiway.• A-SMGCS combines multi-source surveillance data with target

identification and Flight Plan information into a fused system track. • On the runway and around the field there are 23 RU’s( Remote

Unit) installed that help in monitoring the movement of any vehicle and the aircraft during the landing and Take off.

Working & System of ASMGC’s

Necessity of A-SMGCS

• A-SMGCS is a critical surveillance requirement to know the aircraft movement on the ground for tower controller to plan and schedule.

• Usually all runways are visible from the control tower. However, at times of low visibility, such as fog, rain, dust, etc., A-SMGCS is essential.

• ATC relies more on surveillance data, rather than visual information, making A-SMGCS indispensible tool.

ANTENNA

•This is a butterfly antenna that is basically used for the transmission.•This is the antenna that was more emphasized on the transmission side of the data.•This antenna was present at the Bijwasan Airport Unit.

Transmission Station

• We went to the bijwasan unit to get a closer look at the transmission of the RADAR signal.

• They told us they used L-Band RADAR.• They showed us the antenna that was used to

transmit the data at the station in Bijwasan.• The antenna used is the butterfly antenna.• The butterfly antenna is basically used for the

transmission.

Recent Developments• AAI's implementation of Automatic Dependence Surveillance

System (ADSS), using indigenous technology, at Kolkata and Chennai Air Traffic Control Centers, made India the first country to use this technology in the South East Asian region thus enabling Air Traffic Control over oceanic areas using satellite mode of communication.

• AAI is implementing the GAGAN project in technological collaboration with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), where the satellite based system will be used for navigation. The navigation signals thus received from the GPS will be augmented to achieve the navigational requirement of aircraft.

Conclusion• 4 Weeks of intensive training helped us to

understand the criticality of CNS system.• Appreciate the Operation and Maintenance of the

CNS to maintain Reliability and Integrity.• Understand the future challenges and potential for

effective communication systems.• Opened a window of opportunity to plan developing

future technologies.

Abbreviations• ATC: Air Traffic Control• VHF: VERY HIGH FREQUECY• A-SMGCS: Advance Surface Movement Guidance Control System• HF: High Frequency• RADAR: Radio Detection and Ranging• RU: Remote Unit• GAGAN: Geo-augumented navigation system• ISRO: Indian Space Research Organization• GPS: Global Positioning System• S-Band: • L-Band: Low Frequency Band• CNS: Communication Navigation and Surveillance• ATM: Air Traffic Management

Conclusion

•I thank Our Faculty, Guides and Instructors at AAI including the management of AAI for allowing us this priceless opportunity.•It was a great experience for me I learnt about the RADAR and antenna(s).

THANK YOU !!ANY QUESTIONS ??