A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.
-
Upload
damon-holt -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.
![Page 1: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A6: Diet, health and hygiene
By Fairlie and Horti
![Page 2: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A6: Diet
• Seven factors of a balanced diet: • Carbohydrates • Fats• Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals• Water• Fibre
![Page 3: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are important because they maintain our bodies energy source,
• e.g. bread, pasta and potatoes
• the two types are sugars and starch.
• They are stored in the muscle and liver as glycogen, this can be quickly converted to glucose and used as energy.
![Page 4: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fats
• Fats are important because they provide energy and help to make other things work
• the three types of fat are saturated fat (oils), polyunsaturated and monounsaturated.
![Page 5: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Protein• Protein is important for growth,
training, repair when recovering from injury and also to provide small amounts of energy.
• Animal protein is found in meat, poultry, fish and dairy products.
• Plant protein is found in pulses, nuts and bread e.t.c.
![Page 6: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Vitamins• Vitamins are only needed in small amounts and
are supplied in a normal diet. • They can help good vision, good skin, red blood
cell formation, healing, healthy bones and blood clotting.
• They come in two groups: fat soluble and water soluble.
• They are found in cheese, nuts, fruit and vegetable oil.
![Page 7: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Minerals• Minerals are inorganic substances that our bodies
need for different functions.• Calcium is vital to health, especially during growth. It
forms and maintains bones and teeth and strengthens the bones.
• Iron is very important for the blood because of its link with haemoglobin and its effect on formation of red blood cells and how much oxygen they can carry.
• Other minerals are needed in smaller amounts, they help cells and muscles function.
![Page 8: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Water
• Water is a means of transports for nutrients waste and hormones.
• Water holds oxygen and is the main component of many cells.
• Most of the body (70%) is made up of water, and so we must keep our water levels up to avoid dehydration.
• Water controls body temperature.
![Page 9: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fibre
• Fibre adds bulk to food and is important to the digestive system
• Fibre is in the leaves, stems, roots, tubers, seeds and fruit of plants.
• There are two types of fibre: soluble and insoluble.
• Good sources are wholegrain cereals, fruit, vegetables and oats.
![Page 10: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Diets in sport
• Athletes in different sports will need different types of diet.
• E.g. a marathon runner will
need a lot of carbohydrates
for energy and lots of water to
prevent dehydration.
• However a weight lifter will need a lot of protein to build up muscles
![Page 11: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Overweight, Over-fat and Obese
• Obese: extreme overweight often considered as 20-35% above normal.
• Overweight: having weight in excess of normal
• Over-fat: having too much body composition as fat, for men more than 19% and 26% for women.
![Page 12: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Somatotypes
• Body physique can be measured and the result is known as your somatotype.
• There are three somatotypes:
• Endomorph
• Mesomorph
• Ectomorph
![Page 13: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Somatotypes- continued
• Endomorphy is fatness• Mesomorphy is muscularity• Ectomorphy is thinness• Different athletes will need different levels
of each somatotype.• E.g. a prop forward will need to be a
mesomorphic endomorph compared to a gymnast who will need to be a mesomorphic ectomorph.
![Page 14: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Under eating and over eating
• Under eating can lead to shortages in energy and can effect the performance of a sportsmen as they may tire earlier, e.g. boxers reduce their weight before the game and this can lead to dehydration.
• Overeating can lead the sportsmen to becoming fat, affecting their performance, e.g. George Foreman.
![Page 15: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Optimum weights
• Most sports people know the weight at which they perform best and will try to remain at this level.
• Height, sex, bone structure and muscle girth all affect optimum weight.
• Men generally have higher optimum weight.
![Page 16: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Drugs in sport
There are three different types of drugs in sport:
• Socially acceptable drugs
• Socially unacceptable drugs
• Performance enhancing drugs
![Page 17: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Socially acceptable drugs
• These are drugs which the doctor prescribes.
• E.g. paracetamol and aspirin
• They are described as socially acceptable because they are not illegal.
![Page 18: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Socially unacceptable drugs
• These drugs are illegal.
• This group includes heroin, cocaine cannabis e.t.c.
![Page 19: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Performance enhancing drugs
• The group includes the socially acceptable drugs and some illegal ones as well.
• They fall under two categories:
• Prohibited classes of substances
• Prohibited methods
![Page 20: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Prohibited classes of substances
• There are five different groups in this category (pg150, 151, 152 in textbook):
• Stimulants
• Narcotics/Analgesics
• Anabolic agents
• Diuretics
• Peptide, chemical and physical manipulation
![Page 21: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hygiene in sport
• Sports people need to recognize the link between health and hygiene.
• Their kit should reflect this.
• After playing sport a full kit of clean clothing should be worn.
![Page 22: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Athlete’s foot
• An infection of the skin caused by a fungus.
• It is easily transmitted to other people, e.g. by the wet swimming pool floors.
• It can be prevented by wearing different socks when taking part in sport.
• It can be treated with special powders which are available from chemists.
![Page 23: A6: Diet, health and hygiene By Fairlie and Horti.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c00c1a28abf838cc8ead/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Verrucae
• A viral infection which is normally found on the sole of the foot.
• Like athlete’s foot they can easily be passed on.
• They can be removed in a special operation.
• Also by applying liquid nitrogen.