a (very) brief story of Islam in Indonesia
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A (very) briefstory of Islam inIndonesia
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INDONESIA
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Indonesia is a country that lies in the south east of Asia. It consists of thousands of islands. The 2010 Indonesian population census indicated that the total population reached 237,6 million people.
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With many islands, beaches,
and mountains,
Indonesia is blessed
with lots of stunning sceneries
Kanawa Island
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garut-westjava-indonesia-daytime.jpg
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http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Istiqlal_Mosque_Front_of_Al_Fattah_Gate.JPG
Approximately 87,5 percent of the population, or over
210 million are Muslim, making Indonesia the largest
Muslim country in world
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Islam came to
Indonesia brought
by traders from
Gujarat India, Arab,
and Chinese. Some
historian claimed
Islam came as early
as 8th
century, but
the spread of Islam
not until around
12th
-13th
century.
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At that time, people who wants to make
trade from Arab and India to China
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Or from China to India and Arabia
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Must go through Indonesia, and this is one
of the reason how Islam entered Indonesia
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A famous Chinese
Admiral, Cheng Ho,
arrived in Java in period
around 1405-1433. He
had an important role in
spreading Islam in
Indonesia especially in
Java.
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Cheng Ho’s expedition has
established Muslim
Chinese and Arab
communities in northern
ports of Java such as in
Semarang, Demak, Tuban,
and Ampel, thus Islam
began to gain foothold on
Java's northern coast.
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Moslem traders introduced their religion to the
local people. Islam entered Indonesia through
peaceful way with no aggression.
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Some of the traders are even married local
girl. This makes the spread of Islam even
faster with their wife now converts to Islam.
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When Islam first came to Indonesia, Majapahit
was the kingdom that ruled most of the area.
Even though it was in its decline, Majapahit still
holds much power in Indonesia. Hindu, Budha,
and animism is the local’s beliefs at that time.
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The Oldest Islam Kingdom
in Indonesia was the Ternate Sultanate
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The second oldest was the Samudera Pasai
Sultanate. It was one of the biggest
Islamic Sultanate in Indonesia,
it spanned from 1267-1521
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After that, a lot of Islamic Sultanate being
established through out Indonesia
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Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Sumatera
Kerajaan JeumpaKesultanan PeureulakKesultanan Samudera PasaiKesultanan LamuriKerajaan PedirKerajaan DayaKerajaan LingeKesultanan AcehKerajaan Malayu Tambayung((abad 6 akhir) BintanKesultanan IndrapuraKerajaan PasamanKerajaan PagaruyungKerajaan SigunturKerajaan Sungai PaguKerajaan Pulau PunjungKerajaan Jambu LippoKerajaan Koto AnauKerajaan Bungo Setangkai
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Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Kalimantan
Kesultanan Pasir (1516)Kesultanan Banjar (1526-1905)Kesultanan KotawaringinKerajaan Pagatan (1750)Kesultanan Sambas (1671)Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara ing MartadipuraKesultanan Berau (1400)Kesultanan Sambaliung (1810)Kesultanan Gunung Tabur (1820)Kesultanan Pontianak (1771)Kerajaan TidungKesultanan Bulungan (1731)
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Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Java
Kesultanan Cirebon (1552 - 1677)Kesultanan Demak (1500 - 1550)Kesultanan Banten (1524 - 1813)Kesultanan Pajang (1568 - 1618)Kesultanan Mataram (1586 - 1755)
Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Sulawesi
Kesultanan Gowa (awal abad ke-16)Kesultanan Buton (1332 - 1911)Kesultanan Bone (abad 17)Kerajaan Banggai ([abad 16)]
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Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Maluku
Kesultanan Ternate (1257 - ..... )Kesultanan Tidore (1110 - 1947?)Kesultanan JailoloKesultanan BacanKerajaan LolodaKerajaan Tanah Hitu (1470-1682)Kerajaan IhaKerajaan Honimoa/ Siri SoriKerajaan Huamual
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Kerajaan (Sultanate) Islam in Papua
Kerajaan WaigeoKerajaan Misool/Lilinta (marga Dekamboe)Kerajaan Salawati (marga Arfan)Kerajaan Sailolof/Waigama (marga Tafalas)Kerajaan Fatagar (marga Uswanas)Kerajaan Rumbati (marga Bauw)Kerajaan Atiati (marga Kerewaindżai)Kerajaan Sekar (marga Rumgesan)Kerajaan PatipiKerajaan ArguniKerajaan Wertuar (marga Heremba)Kerajaan Kowiai/kerajaan NamatotaKerajaan AidumaKerajaan Kaimana
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The spread of Islam made
easy because many Kings
from existing kingdom in
Indonesia converts to Islam
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Sultan_van_Siak_met_rijksgroten_in_de_afdeling_Bengalis_oostkust_van_Sumatra_TMnr_60012313.jpg
The Sultan of Siak
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http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Sultan_van_Siak_met_rijksgroten_in_de_afdeling_Bengalis_oostkust_van_Sumatra_TMnr_60012313.jpg
The Sultan of Siak
With the influence of a King,
it was easy for him to make
his followers convert to
Islam too.
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Kingdom across Indonesia
one by one converts and
Islam spreads through out
Indonesia
The King of Gowa
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Mangi_Mangi_Kara%C3%ABng_Bontonompo_koning_van_Gowa_luistert_naar_de_installatierede_van_waarnemend_gouverneur_van_Celebes_en_Onderhorigheden_de_heer_Bosselaar_TMnr_10001592.jpg
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In the beginning, Islam
in Indonesia used a lot
of compromise. Having
entered a society with a
previous strong beliefs
(Hindu, Buddha,
animism), teachers of
Islam at that time
incorporate the local
traditional culture, habit,
and rituals to their
teaching of Islam
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_dukun_tijdens_de_bereiding_van_zijn_geneesmiddelen_TMnr_60027035.jpg
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This made some a
portion of Moslem
people in Indonesia
today still practicing
some sort of traditional
rituals from their
culture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_dukun_tijdens_de_bereiding_van_zijn_geneesmiddelen_TMnr_60027035.jpg
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It was easy for Islam to
be accepted by the
people of Indonesia,
since the principle of
Islam is similar to the
existing belief in the
local society
Also the influence of
Hindu and Buddha
Kingdom in Indonesia is
in decline by the time
Islam started to enter
Indonesia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sundanese_Grandma.jpg
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With this, the spread of
Islam becomes easy
and the number of
people converting to
Islam growing through
out time.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sundanese_Grandma.jpg
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In 1596, there was a guest
coming to Indonesia
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That guest will stay for another 350
years in Indonesia
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Indonesia enters the
colonialism era.
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The Vereenigde Oost-Indische
Compagnie, VOC, was a chartered
company established in 1602. VOC
had a presence in the Indonesian
archipelago from 1603, when the first
trading post was established. The
first permanent Dutch trading post in
Indonesia was established in Banten,
northwest Java and in 1611, another
was established at Jayakarta
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The position of Indonesian Muslim in
this era can be described in two
phases.
The initial phase was more
accommodating. The VOC respected
and facilitated the Muslim activities.
This can be because they are trying
to be accepted by the local people
since they have just arrived in
Indonesia.
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After the VOC was replaced by the establishment
of Dutch colonial, the policy had become more
repressive. The social and political activities is
strictly controlled
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Willem_Daendels.png
Hermann Willem
Daendels
1762-1818
Daendels was the Governor
General of the East Dutch
Indies in 1807. His famous
work was building a thousand
km long road from Anyer to
Panarukan in Java in just one
year. But in the expense of
thousands of Javanese people
died because he subjected
the people to forced labour
(rodi)
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Having to have to live under repressive policy, Indonesian Muslim
began to consolidate their nationalism and Islamic spirit.
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Islamic boarding school (pesantren) becoming the base for the
struggle against the Dutch Indies
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In the early 20th
century, numbers of Islamic organization is
formed, such as Sarekat Dagang Islam, Muhamadiyah, Nahdlatul
Ulama, Partai Sarikat Islam, and Persatuan Islam
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These organizations plays important role to the struggle for the
Indonesian independence
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Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan
1868-1923
Ahmad Dahlan is a national Hero and was the founder
of Muhamadiyah organization. The mission of
Muhamadiyah is to purify Islam in Indonesia. Ahmad
Dahlan role to educate Muslim in Indonesia is crucial
to the struggle for Independence. Through his
teaching, many Indonesian realize that they need to
wake up and fight the colonialism.
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There are a lot of Muslim
fighters through out the time
of struggle for independence
all across Indonesia
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Teuku Umar from Aceh
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Cut Nyak Dien from Aceh
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Prince Diponegoro from Java
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On August 17th
1945,
Indonesia declared its Independence
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The Indonesian leader opted to
use liberal democracy as the
national ideology. At the early of
the Independence, many Islamic
leader tried to make Islam as the
ideology with the argument that
the majority of the population is
Muslim, but it never succeed
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President Soeharto rise to power
from 1967 until 1998
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Under President Soeharto’s regime,
the political activities are heavily
supervised, but the religious
activities, rituals, and ceremonies are
being facilitated.
President Soeharto
Presidential term: March 12, 1967
– May 21, 1998
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Under President Soeharto’s too that
“The Council of Indonesia Muslim
Scholar” (Majelis Ulama Indonesia)
was formed. It facilitated the Muslim
leaders and scholars. The
government also facilitated many
religious activities like Hajj, zakat,
and building Mosque
President Soeharto
Presidential term: March 12, 1967
– May 21, 1998
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When President Habibie came to
power, it was the reformation era. In
this era, lots of new political parties,
and some of them are Islamic
political parties.
President Habibie
Presidential term: 21 May 1998 –
20 October 1999
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Even though the majority of the population is Muslim,
the Islam-based party did not win the election at that
time, with most of the population opted to choose a
nationalist-based party
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Islam in Indonesia have its ups and downs. With majority
of the population is now Muslim, it has become a really
conducive and peaceful place for Muslim to practice
their religion
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Even so, Indonesian Muslim lives hand in hand with
other religion in a peaceful manner. Having a high
tolerance and respect between one and another
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/seiu/374542734/
If you want to know
whether Islam,
democracy, modernity,
and women’s rights
can co-exist….
go to Indonesia
“
”-Hillary Clinton
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Credits• Kasnawi, M. T., Sudirman, 2013, Islam In Indonesia Tranformation from colonialism into liberalism
era., Internation Confrence on Islam in Asia 19-21 June 2013, Al-Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco
• Wanandi, J., 2012, Islam in Indonesia: Its History, Development and Future Challenges, Asia-Pacific Review, Vol 9, No. 2
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_legislative_election,_2009• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Suharto,_1993.jpg• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Istiqlal_Mosque_Front_of_Al_Fattah_Gate.JPG• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candi_Jabung_B.JPG• http://www.flickr.com/photos/seiu/374542734/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/sa-photo/3287990364/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/sa-photo/3287175885/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/julien_harneis/297156743/• COLLECTIE TROPPEN MUSEUM• Other sources that I forgot to note, sorry…
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