A Transportation Profile Of New York State · Trailers 2005 350,525 3.3% Motorcycles/Mopeds 2005...

A Transportation Profile Of New York State

POLICY AND STRATEGY DIVISIONNew York State Department of TransportationFebruary 2007REV09.12.07

A Transportation Profile Of New York State POLICY AND STRATEGY DIVISION New York State Department of Transportation February 2007

Questions concerning this report should be addressed to: Office of Policy & Performance Policy and Strategy Division New York State Department of Transportation 50 Wolf Road, 6th Floor Albany, New York 12232 (518) 457-2967 Web site: http://www.nysdot.gov

PREFACE This report provides a convenient reference for New York State transportation statistics. The focus of the document is on demographic and related travel measures which, for the convenience of the user, are summarized under one cover. Most of the information presented was obtained from the 2000 Census, the 2002 and 1997 Commodity Flow Surveys, the 2001 National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS), the 2005 Transborder Surface Freight Transportation Data and the 2004 Highway Statistics published by the Federal Highway Administration. For Decennial U.S. Census data, 2000 is the latest available year. For other data sources the most recent year available has been included.

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Figure 1 New York State=s Transportation rankings ............................................................ 2 1. TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS AT-A-GLANCE................................................................... 3 2. POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT .......................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 Decennial census state population: 1900-2000..................................................... 8 Figure 3 Age distribution of state and national populations: 2000 ...................................... 8 Figure 4 Population by geographic area: 1930-2005 ........................................................... 9 Figure 5 Population mobility (persons 5 years or older): 1995-2000 ............................... 10 Figure 6 NYS non-farm employment: 2000-2005 ............................................................ 11 Figure 7 Non-farm employment, state and nation: 2005.................................................... 11

3. HIGHWAYS AND THEIR USERS.............................................................................................. 13

Figure 8 Licenses, vehicle registrations, gasoline usage, and VMT in the most populous states: 2004 ........................................................... 14 Figure 9 Vehicle registrations, gasoline sales, licenses, annual VMT, and

Gross domestic product 1971-2004 ........................................................ 15 Figure 10 State VMT by jurisdiction, federal-aid category and

Urban-rural ratio: 2004 ......................................................................... 16 Figure 11 National Highway System in New York State: 2006 ......................................... 17 Figure 12 State and national fatalities per 100 million VMT: 1967-2004 .......................... 18

4. JOURNEY-TO-WORK AND PERSONAL TRAVEL ................................................................. 20

Figure 13a Means of transportation to work from residence: 2000 ....................................... 22 Figure 13b Means of transportation to work at the workplace: 2000..................................... 23 Figure 14 Modes for census journey-to-work: 1990 and 2000 ........................................... 24 Figure 15 Census travel time to work (regional/state/national): 2000 ................................. 24 Figure 16 Person-trips by purpose: 2001 ............................................................................ 25 Figure 17 Person-trips by mode: 2001 ................................................................................ 25

5. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, AIR AND RAIL TRAVEL ....................................................... 27

Figure 18 Public transit system service areas in NYS: 2006 ............................................... 29 Figure 19 Public transit revenue passengers and miles: 2005-06........................................ 30 Figure 20 NYS public transportation ridership trend 1974-2005......................................... 31 Figure 21 NYS empire corridor Amtrak passengers 1977-2005.......................................... 31 Figure 22 Airport boardings: 1980-2005 ............................................................................ 32

6. FREIGHT MOVEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 33

Figure 23 Comparison of 2002 and 1997 commodity flow surveys .................................... 34 Figure 24 Freight shipments by mode: 2002........................................................................ 35 Figure 25 Trade with Canada 2005 ...................................................................................... 36 Figure 26 NYS-Canada trade, imports and exports by mode 2006...................................... 37 Figure 27 Waterborne freight movements 2004................................................................... 37

FIGURE DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................................... 39 TEXT DATA SOURCES ........................................................................................................................... 42 DATA SOURCES ...................................................................................................................................... 43

INTRODUCTION New York became AThe Empire State@ in the 19th century largely as a consequence of building the nation=s finest transportation system. Its early turnpikes, canals and railroads were the country=s best, making New York a national hub of economic activity, connecting the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions with New England, eastern Canada, and the Atlantic Ocean. In the 20th century, the New York State transportation network was developed to move people and freight efficiently. Downstate subways, buses, and commuter railroads are indispensable to the State=s economic vitality. The State=s six principal Interstate highways and associated connecting Interstate commuter routes, as well as the state highway system, move millions of people and tons of freight each day. In 2005, New York State public transportation providers carried more than 2.7 billion passengers, the State=s airports boarded 41.8 million travelers and Amtrak carried 1.3 million passengers on its Empire and Adirondack Service Corridor routes. Figure 1 shows New York State=s national transportation rankings. By nearly all measures, New York consistently ranks among the top 10 states, and for most among the top five. Three per-capita measures -- gallons of fuel consumed, vehicle-miles traveled and vehicle ownership -- suggest the State=s personal transportation use and energy consumption are the most efficient in the Nation. A NOTE ON GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY FOR NEW YORK STATE In this publication, unless otherwise noted, DOWNSTATE includes New York City, eastern Long Island, and the lower Hudson Valley counties. UPSTATE refers to all other northern, central and western counties. The DOWNSTATE area may also be broken down into one of the following subsections: NEW YORK CITY refers to the five boroughs - Bronx, Brooklyn (Kings County) Manhattan (New York County) Queens and Staten Island (Richmond County); LONG ISLAND refers to Nassau and Suffolk Counties; and the HUDSON VALLEY or LOWER HUDSON VALLEY refers to Columbia, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster, and Westchester Counties.

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1 10 20 30

Vehicles/Capita ('04)*

VMT/Capita ('04)*

Gallons/Capita ('04)*

Amtrak Passengers ('05)

Transit Passengers ('04)

Vehicle Miles Traveled ('04)

Highway Mileage ('04)

Driver Licenses ('04)

Trucks

Cars

Vehicle Registrations ('04)

Rural ('00)

Urban ('00)

Population ('04)

Land Area (sq mi) ('00)

Air Cargo ('04)

Airport Boardings ('04)

Total ($) Exports ('05)

Taxi

Carpool

Resident Work-Trips ('00)

Surface Transit

Bicycle Work-at-Home

Ferry

Railroad

Rail Rapid Transit

Walk

Drive-Alone

Figure 1. New York State's transportation rankings

Item Share of U.S.State Ranking

34.6%

7.1%

4.6%

4.7%

6.3%2.5%

5.7%

2.8%

4.7%

20.1%

1.3%

5.6%

5.1%

5.6%

6.4%

4.8%

33.7%

14.5%

5.1%5.9%

64.5%

34.7%

26.2%

13.5%

4.7%

6.5%

*Measures of efficiency (smallest ratio is most efficient)

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3

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1. TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS AT-A-GLANCE Demographic Data (2000 Census) Year Land Area 2004

Jurisdictions

Population 2005 19,254,630 Population Density 2004 405.7 Urban 2004 15,825,000 Rural 2004 3,333,000 Families 2000 4,673,485 Households 2000 7,060,595

Per-Capita Personal Income Statewide 2004 $38,264 Metropolitan Portion 2004 $39,415 Non-Metropolitan Portion 2004 $25,242

Metropolitan Statistical Areas Albany-Schenectady-Troy 2004 $33,950

Binghamton 2004 $26,836Buffalo-Niagara falls 2004 $31,006

Elmira 2004 $25,464Glens Falls 2004 $26,590

Ithaca 2004 $27,078Kingston 2004 $28,076

New York, Northern New Jersey-Long Island NY-NJ-PA 2004 $43,277Poughkeepsie-Newburg-Middletown 2004 $32,140

Rochester 2004 $32,303Syracuse 2004 $29,944

Utica-Rome 2004 $25,857 Metropolitan Divisions

Nassau-Suffolk 2004 $46,023New York-White Plains-Wayne NY-NJ 2004 $42,274

Highway Centerline Mileage by Jurisdiction Pct Total Total State and Local 2004 113,343 100.0% State DOT 2004 15,033 13.3% County 2004 20,398 18.0% City/Town/Village 2004 76,444 67.4% Other State Maintained 2004 1,468 1.3%

Estimated Vehicle-Miles Traveled, All Roads Annual VMT in Millions 2004 137,898 Annual Growth 00-'04 1.7%

Highway Bridge Ownership by Jurisdiction * Pct Total Grand Total 2006 19,489 100.0% State 2006 7,809 40.1% Non-State: 2006 11,680 59.9% Local 2006 8,881 45.6% County 2006 6,139 31.5% Town 2006 1,329 6.8% Village 2006 169 0.9% City 2006 1,244 6.4% New York City 2006 719 3.7% Other Cities 2006 525 2.7% Railroads 2006 1,230 6.3% Authorities, Commissions, etc. 2006 1,569 8.1%

* - source: Table M-19, NYSDOT Structures Division, 2006

62 counties, 62 cities, 931 towns, 555 villages, 328 census-designated places

(CDPs), 10 Indian Reservations

47,214 sq mi (30th in the US)

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Motor Vehicle Registrations by Use Year Pct Total Total 2005 10,476,513 100.0% Automobiles 2005 8,735,508 83.4% Commercial Vehicles 2005 940,769 9.0% Trailers 2005 350,525 3.3% Motorcycles/Mopeds 2005 283,213 2.7% Buses 2005 21,576 0.2% Taxis 2005 53,850 0.5% Rentals 2005 80,699 0.8% Farm Vehicles/Ambulances 2005 10,373 0.1%

Per-Capita Vehicle Registrations Statewide 2005 0.54 New York City 2005 0.23 Remainder of State 2005 0.78

Licensed Drivers Pct Total Total 2005 11,071,911 100.0% Male 2005 5,752,257 52.0% Female 2005 5,319,654 48.0% New York City 2005 3,200,782 28.9% Remainder of State 2005 7,871,129 71.1%

Journey-to-Work Pct Total Workers Residing in NYS 2000 8,211,916 100.0% Working outside home 2000 7,964,047 97.0% Working at home 2000 247,869 3.0% Persons Working in NYS 2000 8,460,460

National Household Transportation Survey US NY % US Person-Trips (billions) 2001 411.0 24.9 6.1% Person Vehicle Trips (billions) 2001 234.9 10.9 4.6% Person-Miles of Travel (billions) 2001 4,026.2 194.5 4.8% Person Vehicle-Miles Traveled (billions) 2001 2,281.9 95.2 4.2% Average Trip Length (miles) 2001 9.8 8.2 83.7% Average Vehicle Occupancy (persons) 2001 1.6 1.5 93.8% Population (5 years or older, millions) 2001 277.2 18.6 6.7% Total Licensed Drivers (millions) 2001 190.3 11.2 5.9% Workers in Households (millions) 2001 145.0 9.6 6.6% Total Households (millions) 2001 107.4 7.2 6.7% Total Vehicles in Households (millions) 2001 203.9 9.5 4.7%

4

Public Transportation System Statistics Year Public Transportation Systems 2004 62 Public Transportation Providers 2004 123 Public Buses 2004 8,931 Public Rail Cars 2004 8,623 Commuter Rail Tracks 2004 2,064 Passenger ferry service routes 2005 54

Pct Total Revenue Passengers (1) 2005 2,598,823,601 100.0% Bus 2005 974,771,422 37.5% Subway/Light-Rail 2005 1,466,376,713 56.4% Commuter Rail 2005 133,104,862 5.1% Ferry 2005 19,678,806 0.8% Paratransit 2005 4,891,798 0.2%

Revenue Vehicle Miles of Service (1) 2005 720,009,053 100.0% Bus 2005 222,683,022 30.9% Subway/Light-Rail 2005 339,835,452 47.2% Commuter Rail 2005 102,179,898 14.2% Ferry 2005 167,026 0.0% Paratransit 2005 55,143,655 7.7%(1) SOURCE: NYSDOT Transit Bureau, providing query from STOA database.

New York State Aviation Facilities by Type Commercial Service Airports 2006 18 General Aviation Public Use Airports 2006 120Private Airports 2006 199

Public Private TotalAirports 2006 138 199 337Gliderports 2006 0 2 2Heliports 2006 6 124 130Seaplane Bases 2006 7 7 14Total 2006 151 332 483

NYS Air Passenger Enplanements 2005 41,851,216{Annual Passengers ~= 2 * Enplanements} Estimate 83,702,432 SOURCE: NYSDOT Aviation Bureau

New York State Rail Passennger Service Amtrak NE Corridor Passengers (Empire + Adirondack) 2005 1,342,211 Empire 2005 1,255,458 Adirondack 2005 86,753 Lakeshore Limited (2) 2005 25,000Penn Station (Boardings + Alightings) 2005 8,497,212SOURCE: New York State Department of Transportation, 2005: Freight & Economic Development Division (calendar year)(2) Note: Lakeshore Ltd. is no longer part of Northeast Corridor; Amtrak estimates the Lakeshore Ltd. contributes roughly

5

Freight Movements on NYS Transportation Systems: Year Value

(millions) Tons (3)

(thousands) All Modes (net domestic- NYS to other states) 2002 $555,481 333,699 Trans-border NYS/Canada

Imports 2005 $63,189Exports 2005 $44,302

Population Density (pop/sqmi)

Imports (includes intrastate) 2004Not

reported 82,831,613

Exports ( includes intrastate) 2004Not

reported 37,007,297

(3) May not be mutually exclusive, double counting may exist

Freight RailroadsNumber Excluding Including

Class 1 2005 2 1,611 2,172Canadian * 2005 2 389 803Regional 2005 4 302 427Local 2005 21 1,103 1178Switching & terminal 2005 7 127 129Total 2005 36 3,532** 4709

*Canadian owned lines not affiliated with a US rail subsidiary**Excludes 153 miles owned by Amtrak. All or some of these miles might be operated by railroads under trackage rights

Total Carloads of freight 2005 1,686,581Total tons of freight carried 2005 73,582,402Tons originated 2005 10,479,116Tons terminated 2005 25,295,698

SOURCE: Associateion of American Railroads, 2005; www.aar.org

Ports/Waterways

Major Public and private ports and numerous private portsPort Authorities (NY/NJ, Albany, Oswego, Ogdensburg) 2005 4Port of Buffalo 2005 1

Tonnage moved through these ports annually 2003 100 million

Miles Operated

Trackage rights

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2. POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT

New York State=s population has increased to over 19 million. Figure 2 shows the decennial population trend as of the 2000 census, Figure 3 shows the age distribution of that population in 2000 by seven age groups - more than half are between 20 and 54 years old, more than a quarter younger than 20, and slightly more than one-in-five older than 55. Figure 4 shows geographic differences and adds the 2005 population estimate. Although New York=s population has stabilized, its distribution within the State has changed, especially since World War II. Between 1950 and 1970, Long Island=s population rose from 950,000 to more than 2.5 million. Since 1950, New York City=s population has remained between 7 and 8 million, while the Hudson Valley and Long Island areas have generally increased. Upstate areas also generally increased at slower rates from 1950 to 1990. Recently, however, New York City has experienced the greatest population gain of any city in the State, over 9% since 1990, primarily in the outer boroughs, and almost 2% since 2000. Hudson Valley counties generally experienced population increases from 6% (Westchester) to 14% (Putnam) in since 1990, and 2 to 9% growth since 2000. Long Island has had an overall population increase around 6% since 1990 and 2% since 2000. Outside the Hudson Valley, most of the upstate New York counties have either increased slightly, remained static or declined in recent years, with the notable exception of Saratoga County, where population growth was about 11% between 1990 and 2000, and 7% growth from 2000 to 2005.

Population mobility is shown in Figure 5 -- 38% of New Yorkers changed residence location between 1995 and 2000, while 62% remained within their 1995 residence. Nationwide, 46% of U.S. residents changed their location, while 54% remained in their 1995 residence. Nearly 1.1 million immigrants entered New York State between 1990 and 2000, accounting for much of the population growth. Immigration to the State along with the net plus of births minus deaths also helped offset the outward migration of approximately 2 million people during the same 10 year period. Figure 6 shows changes in NYS employment by industry from 2000 to 2005. (Note that the data does not include those working at home, self-employed, in agriculture or mining.) Figure 7 shows New York State 2005 non-farm employment by industry as compared to the nation. Total employment by industry in the State has increased by about 4% since 1990, with over nine million people employed in 2005. Employment gains overall are attributable to a sharp increase in service sector employment, approximately 32% growth since 1990, and smaller growth in the retail (1%) and construction (5%) sectors. The change in location of new jobs in the State represents one of the most important trends in employment since 1990. As the general population has shifted away from the cities to the suburbs, so too have new job opportunities.

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7.3

9.1

10.4

12.613.5

14.8

16.8

18.217.6 18.0

19.0

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20005.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Mill

ions

Figure 2. Decennial Census state population: 1900-2000.

6.8

14.6

7.2

20.9

29.4

8.6

12.4

6.5

14.1

6.8

21.2

29.7

8.9

13.0

0-4

5-14

15-19

20-34

35-54

55-64

65+

Age

Ran

ge

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Percent of Population

NYS = 19.0 millionUS = 281.4 million

Figure 3. Age distribution of state and national populations: 2000.

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Figure 4. NYS Population by geographic area.

Upstate33.7%

Hudson Valley 7.6%

LI3.7%

NYC55.0%

1930 (12.6 million)

Upstate32.6%

Hudson Valley 7.8%

LI6.4%

NYC53.2%

1950 (14.8 million)

Upstate32.7%Hudson Valley

10.0%LI

14.0%

NYC43.3%

1970 (18.2 million)


11.2%

LI14.5%

NYC40.7%

1990 (18.0 million)


10.5%

LI14.5%

NYC42.2%

2000 (19.0 million)


11.3%

LI14.6%

NYC42.3%

2005 (19.2 million)*

The "Hudson Valley" includes: Columbia, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster and Westchester counties. "Upstate" includes the remaining counties. * Census Bureau Annual Estimates of the Resident Population July 1, 2005.

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Same House 54.1%

Same County 24.9% Within State

9.7%

In USA8.4%

Abroad2.9%

United States (262.4 million)Same House

61.8%


8.2%

In USA4.1%

Abroad4.1%

New York State (17.7 million)

Same House 60.5%

Same County 24.4%

Within State 8.9%

In USA4.8%

Abroad1.4%

Upstate (5.8 million)Same House

62.4%


7.9%

In USA3.7%

Abroad5.4%

Downstate (11.9 million)

Figure 5. Population mobility (persons 5 years or older): 1995-2000.

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7.0

51.2

8.8

3.9

19.5

6.2

3.3

7.4

58.1

4.2

3.8

13.5

11.4

1.6

Manufacturing

Service

FIRE (2)

Construction

PU/Transp/Trade (3)

Government

Information

Indu

stry

(NA

ICS)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0

Percent of Workforce

US = 191.8NYS = 8.3

Figure 7. Non-farm employment *, state and nation: 2005.

Employment (mil)

(2) Finance/Insurance/Real Estate(3) Pub Utilities/Transportation/R_W Trade

7.0

14.8

51.2

8.8

3.9

4.7

6.2

3.3

8.9

14.9

48.3

9.1

3.9

4.9

6.2

3.9

Manufacturing

R/W Sales (1)

Service

FIRE (2)

Construction

PU/Transp. (3)

Government

Information

Indu

stry

(NA

ICS)

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0

Percent of Workforce

2000 = 8.42005 = 8.3

Figure 6. NYS non-farm employment *: 2000-2005.

Employment (mil)

(1) Retail/Wholesale Trade (2) Finance/Insurance/Real Estate (3) Public Utilities/Transportation

*North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) based, does not include agriculture, mining and unclassified or self-employed.11

3. HIGHWAYS AND THEIR USERS

New York State is unique among the 50 states, not only in diversity of transportation facilities but also in per capita highway usage. Population density and the lack of parking in New York City discourage vehicle ownership -- according to Census Bureau reports, one-fifth (1.3 million) of all households in the country having no vehicles are in New York City. Further, based on the Federal Highway Administration=s (FHWA) 2004 Highway Statistics and New York State Department of Motor Vehicles 2005 reports, only 39% of New York City residents are licensed, compared to 68% in the nation. Figure 8, which compares driving age populations across the most populous states, shows New York State=s personal transportation use and energy consumption are the lowest in terms of licensed drivers per 1000, registered vehicles per 1000, annual fuel usage and vehicle-miles traveled. As Figure 1 shows, New York is first (lowest, in this case) when it comes to fuel usage per person and VMT per person: it averaged 303 gallons per capita in 2004, compared to the national average of 482 gallons per capita, and the State accumulates about 7,000 miles per person annually compared to the US average of 10,000 miles. The number of persons in New York State with a driver license has gradually increased since 1971, and appears to have flattened out (Figure 9). Vehicle registrations, which jumped by more than 40% during the 1970s and 1980s, may be reaching saturation as well, remaining less than 11 million between 1990 and 2000, and increasing slightly to 11.2 million by 2004. The number of vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) on the State=s highways has risen every year since 1980, and by more than 60 billion miles since 1971, to a total of 137.5 billion in 2004. As reported in FHWA=s 2004 Highway Statistics, New York State ranks fourth in VMT nationally after California, Texas, and Florida. Fuel use in New York has declined since 1975 from 618 gallons per licensed driver to 518 in 2004, reflecting the greater fuel efficiency of today=s automobiles. Fuel use has not risen proportionally with VMT, further reflecting improved fuel efficiency since the mid-1970s. Of the four highway travel variables plotted in Figure 9 for New York State, VMT most closely tracks economic performance, as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP); this is consistent with the trend for the Nation. Total centerline mileage of public roads in New York State as reported in the 2004 Highway Mileage Report for New York State is 113,343. While only 14.6% of this mileage is under State jurisdiction (including State parkways and authorities), these facilities carry 52.2% of the State=s total VMT. Urban roadways carried nearly three-quarters of VMT in 2004, but the State=s rural VMT (39.4 billion miles) is tenth highest in the nation. Figure 10 shows the VMT breakdown by jurisdiction, federal-aid category and by urban-rural ratio. According to the FHWA’s Highway Statistics 2004, New York State has 19,023 lane miles (5,151 centerline miles) of National Highway System (NHS) mileage (see Fig. 11 for the NHS map). Shown as blue lines on the NHS map, the State=s Interstate centerline mileage (1,674) ranks fifth among states, behind only Texas, California, Illinois and Pennsylvania. One of the more favorable trends in recent years has been the continuing decline in the rate of fatalities per 100 million VMT on all public roads in New York (Figure 12). From 4.8 deaths per 100 million VMT in 1967, the fatality rate has dropped to 1.1 in 2004 -- a decline of 77%! Many factors contribute to this improvement, including safer vehicles, better-engineered roadways, and mandatory use of seat belts, safety education, speed-limit enforcement and tougher driving-while-impaired sanctions. New York=s fatality rate (1.1 per 100 million VMT) in 2004 ranked in the top seven best among the states and better than the national rate of 1.4 per 100 million VMT.

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Figure 8. Licenses, vehicle registrations, gasoline usage, and VMT per driving age population in the most populous states: 2004.

NYCATXFLIL

OHPA

US

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Licensed drivers per 1000 driving age population

NYCATXFLIL

OHPA

US

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000

Gallons of motor fuel per driving age population

NYCATXFLIL

OHPA

US

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Motor Vehicle Registrations Per 1000 driving age population

NYCATXFLIL

OHPA

US

0 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000

Annual vehicle-miles traveled per driving age population

14

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Inde

x 19

71 =

100

Figure 9. Vehicle registrations, gasoline sales, licenses, annual VMT, and Gross Domestic Product : 1971-2004.*

GDP (2000$)

Driver Licenses

Gasoline

VMT

Registrations

* To facilitate display in Figure 9, all data series have been indexed to show 1971 values = 100. GDP for all years is reported in real 2000 dollars.

1971 2004New YorkGasoline (billion gallons) 5.8 5.8Registrations (millions) 6.9 10.5Driver Licenses (millions) 8.3 11.2Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)(billions) 65.8 137.5NationalGDP (billions of 2000 dollars) 3,889 10,704

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Figure 10. State VMT by jurisdiction, federal-aid category and urban-rural ratio: 2004.

Non-Fed Aid 20.5%

Other NHS*22.1%

Interstate NHS*19.4%

Other Fed Aid 37.9%

*NHS is National Highway System

VMT by federal-aid categoryTotal Vehicle - Miles = 137.9 billion

Urban71.4%

Rural28.6%

VMT urban-ruralTotal Vehicle - Miles = 137.9 billion

State DOT44.4%

Other State*7.8%

Local47.8%

*Other includes Parkways, Authorities, etc.

VMT by JurisdictionTotal Vehicle - Miles = 137.9 billion

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Figure 12. State and national fatalities per 100 million VMT: 1967-2004. 19

67

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Fata

litie

s per

100

mill

ion

VM

T

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

VMT

Indi

ces

1967

= 1

00

Fatality Rates Per 100 million VMT 1967 NYS = 4.8 US = 5.4 2004 NYS = 1.1 US = 1.4

Vehicle Miles Traveled (billions)1967 NYS = 60.7 US = 964.02004 NYS = 137.9 US = 2962.5

National Fatality Rate

NYS Fatality Rate

National VMT

NYS VMT

18

4. JOURNEY-TO-WORK AND PERSONAL TRAVEL

According to the 2000 Census, each weekday more than 8 million residents use the State=s highways and bridges/tunnels, and its buses, subways, trains, and ferries for their journey-to-work (JTW). Approximately 3.8 million people work in New York City; in fact, more than 2 million work in the Borough of Manhattan alone, with 70% coming from outside Manhattan. Figure 13a, using data derived from the Census 2000 survey (long form), shows the mode choices for JTW made by residents in the United States, New York State, New York City (City), the rest of NYS (excluding the City) and Manhattan. Figure 13b shows the mode choices regardless of residence for arriving at the workplace in these same areas. These graphs show how modes used by Manhattan and City residents and workers in general for their JTW skew data for the entire state. In 2000, (Figure 13a) about a quarter (24.9%) of City residents drove alone, but more than half (52.8%) used public transit (bus, train or subway). Effects of City residents= JTW choices are apparent in state percentages of Adrive-alone@ (56.3%) and public transit (24.4%), compared to corresponding national percentages of 75.7% and 4.7%. If the City is excluded, the rest of New York State resembles national mode choices for JTW Adrive-alone@ (76.2%) and public transportation (6.4%). While the national and state percentages in figures 13a and 13b are very comparable for work trips, whether by location of the residence or the workplace, for Manhattan some clear differences are evident. Nearly 60% of Manhattan residents use public transportation modes to work, but almost 72% of all workers in Manhattan have arrived via transit. A higher percentage of workers (Figure 13b) arrive at Manhattan workplaces via driving alone (12.8%) than for Manhattan residents (Figure 13a) (7.6%). A higher percentage of Manhattan residents walk or bike to work (22.8%) than the total at the workplace (8.4%). Figure 14 highlights one of the greatest challenges facing transportation planners and environmentalists today: more than half of the resident workers in New York State drove alone to work in 2000 -- 56.3% compared to 54.2% in 1990 (Figure 14). Despite the rise in single-occupant vehicles for work trips, New York State continues to lead the nation (Figures 13 a, 13b) in percentage of persons using rail and public transportation to get to work (24.4% for NYS compared to 4.7% for the US), as well as those who walk/bike to work (6.5% versus 3.3%). Times required for JTW are shown in Figure 15. The upstate-downstate contrast is dramatic -- three-quarters of those living upstate arrive at work within 30 minutes, but downstate less than half do. Of those living in New York City, slightly more than one-third make the journey in 30 minutes, but almost one-quarter need an hour or more. Statewide, the average JTW takes 32 minutes, but in Upstate the average is 22 minutes, in the Hudson Valley 32 minutes, on Long Island 33 minutes, and in New York City 40 minutes.

Figures 16 and 17 show personal travel by all destination purposes and modes, as summarized in the NYS expanded sample of households from the 2001 National Household Transportation Survey (NHTS). Figures 13 to 15 are from Census data and reflect only those respondents who indicated that they worked the week preceding the Census. The NHTS summarizes all household personal travel by specific trip destination purpose, so one Census journey to work trip may correspond to a series of NHTS linked or chained trips with different destination purposes, such as school, personal business and then work as the final destination. Hence, the two sources do not give comparable results.

20

According to the 2001 NHTS, New York State residents made more than 24.9 billion person-trips. Of these person-trips, only 11.5% had a trip-end workplace destination. Slightly more than a third (34.3%) reflected return to Ahome@ from some other site or activity (shopping, church, work, etc.) Two-thirds of all New York State person-trips were in personal vehicles. Walking accounted for 20.8% of all person-trips by mode, and mass transit (subway, train, bus) was the mode choice of 9.9% of New York State person trips.

21

Transit59.6%

Walk/bike22.8%

Drive alone7.6%

[email protected]%

Carpool3.4%

Other0.8%

Manhattan

Transit52.8%

Drive alone24.9%

Walk/bike10.9%

Carpool8.0%

[email protected]%

Other0.6%

New York City

Drive alone76.2%

Carpool10.0%

Transit6.4%

Walk/bike3.8%

[email protected]%

Other0.5%

NYS excluding New York City

Drive alone56.3%Transit

24.4%

Carpool9.2%

Walk/bike6.5%

[email protected]%

Other0.5%

New York State

Drive alone75.7%

Carpool12.2%

Transit4.7%

[email protected]%

Walk/bike3.3%Other0.8%

National

Figure 13a. Means of transportation to work from residence: 2000.

US 128.3 (million)NYS 8.2 (million)New York City 3.2 (million)NYS w/o New York CityManhattan

5.0 (million)0.8 (million)

Number of Workers 16 and over

22

Transit71.5%

Drive alone12.8%

Walk/bike8.4%

Carpool4.7%

[email protected]%

Other0.5%

Manhattan

Transit54.3%Drive alone

25.9%

Walk/bike9.2%

Carpool7.6%

[email protected]%

Other0.6%

New York City

Transit3.5%

Drive alone78.4%

Walk/bike4.0%

Carpool10.2%

[email protected]%

Other0.5%

NYS excluding New York City

Transit26.1%

Drive alone55.1%

Walk/bike6.3%

Carpool9.1%

[email protected]% Other

0.5%

New York State

Transit4.7%

Drive alone75.7%

Walk/bike3.3%

Carpool12.2%

[email protected]%

Other0.8%

National

Figure 13b. Means of transportation to work at the workplace 2000.

US 128.3 (million)NYS 8.5 (million)New York City 3.8 (million)NYS w/o New York CityManhattan

4.7 (million)2.1 (million)

Number of Workers 16 and over

23

5456

11 9

24 24

7 74 4

Drive Alone Carpool Transit** Walk/Bike Other*0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Perc

ent o

f Wor

kers

1990 = 8.22000 = 8.2

*Other includes motorcycle, airplane, work at home, etc.**Includes Railroad

Travel Time (min)

UpstateHudson Valley

LINYC

StateNation

0102030405060708090

100110

Perc

ent o

f Wor

kers

60+30-5915-291-14

Figure 15. Census travel time to work (regional/state/national): 2000.

Avg Travel Time (min)

Figure 14. Modes for Census journey-to-work (JTW), NYS: 1990 and 2000.

Workers Age 16+ (mil)

Nation 26State 32Upstate 22Downstate 37 Hudson Valley 32 LI 33 NYC 40

24

To Work7.9%

Work related2.0%Return to Work

1.6%

Shopping13.6%

School3.7%

Religious1.3%

Medical1.6%

Pers. Bus.8.4%

Give Ride5.6%

Eat6.4%

Soc/Rec12.0%

Other1.6%

Return Home34.3%

Figure 16. Person-trips by purpose: 2001.

Air0.1%

Drive Alone28.9%

Carpool36.9%

Bus4.1%

Train5.8%

Bike0.7%

Walk20.1%

School Bus1.9%

Other1.4%

Not Determined0.1%

Figure 17. Person-trips by mode: 2001.

25

5. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, AIR AND RAIL TRAVEL

Public transportation -- bus, subway, commuter rail, ferry -- continues to have a major role in moving people in New York State. Statewide, public transit systems are now moving a total of 2.6 billion passengers annually. This represents one-third of the Nation’s total transit riders. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), in serving New York City’s metropolitan region, provides the largest bus fleet in the U.S., as well as more rail and subway cars than the rest of the Nation combined. Figure 18 shows the service areas of New York=s public transportation systems, while Figure 19 shows the revenue passengers and miles both Statewide and for the MTA. The MTA’s subways, buses and commuter rail lines carry about 90% of the total transit passengers in the State. The MTA commuter lines B Metro-North and the Long Island Railroad (LIRR) B accounted for over 133 million annual passengers in 2005. Figure 19 shows all downstate public transportation ridership account for 97.3% of the statewide total. Downstate includes both the MTA and the category “other downstate” which is comprised of New York City private buses and suburban bus systems. New York State=s public transportation operators provided 680.7 million revenue-miles of service on all modes, of which 543.5 million, or 80.0%, was provided by MTA. Figure 20 shows the trend in public transportation ridership since 1974, with overall ridership increasing dramatically since 1995. New York State=s public transportation system is the most utilized in the nation. The graphs in this section, and Figures 13a and 13b in the previous section, give testimony to the importance of public transportation in moving people to their jobs, thus reducing highway congestion and air pollution in metropolitan areas. Of particular note is that more than 50% of resident workers in New York City use public transportation and rail. Another 11% of City residents walk or bicycle to work. Based on the 2000 census, use of public transportation for resident journey-to-work in New York State is 33% of the national total. A clear example of the indispensable nature of New York=s public transportation system is how people arrive at work in Manhattan. On a typical workday, based upon workplace location data from the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP), more than 70% of all workers arrive at their jobs in Manhattan using public transportation (Fig. 13b). These workers are primarily NYS residents, but also include many workers from New Jersey and Connecticut. Clearly, the region=s economic vitality is directly linked to the existence of the State=s varied systems of public transportation. Amtrak, which provides intercity rail services, is an important presence in New York, operating approximately 140 trains daily. In 2005, 22% of Amtrak=s national passengers traveled through New York State, which ranks number 1 in the nation for passengers carried (Figure 1). Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor, from Washington, D.C. to Boston, including New York’s Penn Station, is the busiest railroad in North America, and the New York City - Albany – Buffalo (Empire Corridor) is the next busiest. Over 10 million boardings and alightings occurred at the State’s Amtrak stations in 2005, with 8.5 million of those at New York’s Penn Station, the busiest station in the Amtrak system. The Albany-Rensselaer station is the 14th busiest in the Nation, with 734,187 boardings and alightings in 2005. Figure 21 shows the recent trend in Amtrak ridership on the Empire and Adirondack corridors, which, like the public transportation trend, noted above, has increased significantly since 1995. In 2005, 1.3 million people traveled on Amtrak trains in the Empire and Adirondack corridors.

27

New York State has 18 public use commercial service airports, 120 public use general aviation airports, and 199 private use airports. The number of commercial service boardings increased in 2005 to about 41.8 million, continuing the upward trend from the drop in 2001-2002 due to 9/11 and the recession. Many air trips are business-related; as a result, boardings are quite sensitive to fluctuations in the economy. Figure 22 shows the statewide trend in boardings since 1980. Figure 22 also shows boardings at New York City=s John F. Kennedy and LaGuardia Airports (the State=s largest airports), compared to all other commercial airports in New York State.

28

Figure 19. Public transit revenue passengers and miles: SFY 2005-06*

Upstate2.7%

MTA 90.3%

Other Downstate 7.0%

Statewide Revenue Passengers 2.60 billion

Upstate8.4%MTA

80.0%

Other Downstate 11.5%

Statewide Revenue Vehicle Miles 680.7 million

Metro North 7.9%

LIRR10.9%

Bus18.8%

Subway62.5%

MTARevenue Vehicle Miles 543.5 million

Metro North 2.3%

LIRR3.4%

Bus31.7%

Subway62.6%

MTARevenue Passengers 2.34 billion

Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding* 4/1/2005 - 3/31/2006

30

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200570

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

Pass

enge

rs (I

ndex

ed 1

980=

100)

Total

Adirondack

Empire

Figure 21. NYS Empire Corridor & Adirondak Amtrak passengers.

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004

SFY Beginning

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Pass

enge

rs (i

ndex

SFY

'74-

'75=

1.00

))

Statewide

Upstate

Downstate

Figure 20. NYS public transportation ridership trend.

SFY 1974-75 Ridership (Billions)Statewide 2.162Downstate 2.083

Upstate 0.079

YEAR 1980 Ridership(Million)

Total 1.115Adirondak 0.080

Empire 1.035

31

1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2000 2003 20060

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Pass

enge

rs (m

illio

ns)

Statewide

NYS boardings (all airports)

Figure 22. NYS airport boardings.

1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2000 2003 20060

5

10

15

20

25

0

Pass

enge

rs (m

illion

s)

JFK LaGuardia All Others

Boardings at New York City & other NYS Airports

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6. FREIGHT MOVEMENTS Three sources of data collected, analyzed, and distributed by the United States Department of Transportation=s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) were fused by NYSDOT to provide a more comprehensive portrait of goods movement in the State:

1. The 2002 and 1997 Commodity Flow Surveys (CFS), which contain the value and tonnage of most products shipped from states of origin within the United States, but do not include foreign trade, crude petroleum, natural gas shipments, or many local transactions;

2. Trans-Border Surface Freight Transportation Data (TBSFTD), which has information on the value and tonnage of commodities crossing the border between the United States and Canada;

3. The US Waterway Data, which includes statistics on tonnage only (not value) for interstate, intrastate and US foreign trade conducted by waterborne vessels on navigable waterways.

Figure 23 indicates that over $555 billion in goods were transported to/from/within New York State in 2002, an 8.2% increase over 1997's freight shipment value. Figure 24 provides the modes used for these shipments in 2002, indicating that trucks carried 72.7% of the value, 90.3% of the tonnage, and 66.7% of the ton-mileage of commodities in or through New York State. The 2002 CFS shows that nationally, 67% of the commodities by weight are moved by truck, 16% by rail, 6% by pipeline and the remaining approximately 11% by water, air and multiple modes. In New York State, however, 90% of commodities by weight are moved by truck, while only 3% are moved by rail, 2.5% by pipeline, and the remaining approximately 4.5% by water, air and multiple modes. By contrast, in New York City, 80% of the freight by weight is moved by truck, 19% by water, air and multiple modes, and only 1% by rail. Figures 25 and 26 show that New York State plays a key role in the reciprocal trade between the United States and Canada. According to TBSFTD, $63.2 billion in commodities (23.8% of all U.S. trade) entered the U.S. from Canada through New York State=s border crossings. With respect to U.S. exports to Canada, $44.3 billion in commodities were transported across the State=s international borders, representing 23% of U.S. exports to Canada. The western NY crossings (Buffalo/Niagara Falls) have 60% of the imports and 73.4% of the exports, while the northern NY crossings, such as Champlain and Alexandria Bay, process 40% of the imports and 26.6% of the exports. As exhibited in Figure 26, trucks again transported the majority of value shipped between New York and Canada in 2005. Trucks hauled 68.2% of all imports by value and 90.1% of the value of exports from New York State, while rail carried 16.6% of import value and 4.7% of export value. The United States Waterway Data indicate that New York State navigable waterways handled 102.8 million tons of goods (imports and exports, excluding 17 million tons of waterborne freight moving intrastate) in 2004. Figure 27 shows the percentage of waterborne freight tonnage by origin and destination. The State imports more than twice the amount of waterborne freight tonnage than it exports. The greatest difference is in the foreign trade component, which can be attributed, at least in part, to foreign petroleum imports. As noted in Figure 1, New York is ranked number seven, among the 50 states, in air freight cargo shipped, according to FAA, with 7.3 billion lbs. of landed weight in 2005. Also, according to the FAA=s Air Carrier Activity Information System (ACAIS) database, JFK International Airport ranks 6th in the Nation based on cargo weight, with 5.6 billion lbs. of landed weight in 2005.

33

Figure 23. Comparison of 2002 and 1997 Commodity Flow Survey. NYS - Value and tonnage of goods movement

NYS Commodity Flow * Value $ (000,000)

Value $ (000,000)

Tons (000) Tons (000)

Combined Shipment Direction 2002 1997 % Chg 2002 1997 % ChgOriginating In NYS

To Other States 195,031 168,049 16.1 84,260 63,338 33.0To Within NYS 123,744 122,301 1.2 165,291 217,676 -24.1

Total 318,775 290,350 9.8 249,551 281,014 -11.2Originating Outside NYS

To NYS 248,728 223,016 110.2 120,751 109,555 10.2Total NYS 567,503 513,366 10.5 370,302 390,569 -5.2

$21,050 25.5%

13,369 6.1%

Value$ (M) % Chg

Tons (T) %Chg

Key: directional detail

$38,442 8.8%

11,181 20.5%

NEW YORK

$123,744 1.2%

165,291 -24.1%

$210,286 12.0%

109,570 9.3%

$173,981 15.0%70891 39.7%

* Note: 2002 CFS CD Tables 7 & 8 adjusted for data supression on component flows to match state totals, cfs1.xls

34

Water/Air/Pipeline2.3%

Truck72.7%

Rail 1.1%

Multiple mode2.3%

Other/Unknown3.5%

Parcel,Mail18.1%

Value ($)


Truck90.3%

Rail 2.9%

Multiple mode0.7%

Other/Unknown2.8%

Parcel,Mail0.4%

Tons


Truck66.7%

Rail 8.1%

Multiple mode7.3%

Other/Unknown1.5%

Parcel,Mail1.4%

Ton-miles

100.0%

Pie 4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Transportation - Commodity Flow Survey

*Includes shipments within N.Y.S. Multi-mode includes rail and air freight movements which have a truck component at one or more ends.

All ModesValue $(000,000) $318,775Tons (000) 249,551Ton-miles (000,000) 55,284

Figure 24. Freight shipments by mode 2002. From NYS to all other states*

35

Northern NY40.0%

Western NY60.0%

Value (Imports)

Northern NY26.6%

Western NY73.4%

Value (Exports)

Northern NY Western NY

Figure 25. Trade with Canada 2005.

NYS border trade

NYS23.8%

Rest of US76.2%

Imports from Canada $ 265.4 Billion

NYS23.0%

Rest of US77.0%

Exports To Canada $192.9 Billion

NYS Rest of US

NYS share of Canada - US trade.

36

Figure 26. NYS- Canada trade, imports and exports by mode: 2005

Figure 27. Waterborne freight movements: 2004

Foreign 31.6%Canada

12.4%

Interstate39.0%

Intrastate17.0%

Imports to NYS (tons) Total imports 82.8 million tons

includes 17.0 million tons intrastate

Foreign5.8%

Canada0.5%

Interstate62.3%

Intrastate31.4%

Exports from NYS (tons)Total exports 37.0 million tons

includes 17.0 million tons intrastate

Rail16.6%

Truck68.2%

Pipeline13.1%

Other2.1%

NY-Imports $63.2 billion

Rail4.7%

Truck90.1%

Pipeline3.0%

Other2.2%

NY-Exports $44.3billion

Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding

37

FIGURE DATA SOURCES FIGURE 1 New York State=s Transportation rankings.

Data Source: various documents listed below Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 2 Decennial census state population: 1900 - 2000.

Data Source: World Almanac Books, 2006 World Almanac and Book of Facts Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 3 Age distribution of state and national populations: 2000.

Data Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 2000 Summary File #1 Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 4 Population by geographic area.

Data Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 5 Population mobility (persons 5 years or older): 1995 - 2000.


FIGURE 6 NYS non-farm employment: 2000 - 2005.

Data Source: NYS Department of Labor, ES202 data for 2000, 2005. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 7 Non-farm employment, state and nation: 2005.

Data Source: NYS Department of Labor, ES202 data for 2005; U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 8 Licenses, vehicle registrations, gasoline usage, and per-capita VMT: 2004.

Data Source: USDOT, Highway Statistics 2004, Tables DL1-C, MV-1, MF33-GA, VM-2 Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 9 Vehicle registrations, gasoline sales, licenses, annual VMT and GDP: 1971 -2004.

Data Source: USDOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics: Summary to 1985, 1986 to 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004; Global Insight; NYS Department of Labor, Division of Research and Statistics. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 10 State VMT by jurisdiction, federal-aid category and urban-rural ratio: 2004.

Data Source: USDOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics 2004, Tables HM-20, VM-3; NYSDOT Highway Data Services Bureau, 2004 Highway Mileage Report for New York State, and NYSDOT Highway Data Services Bureau, 2004 HPMS tables. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 11 National Highway System in New York State: 2006.

Data Source: NYSDOT Highway Data Services Bureau; USDOT, FHWA Planning, Environment & Realty, “National Highway System,” http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep10/nhs/index.html Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 12 State and national fatalities per 100 million VMT: 1970 - 2004.

Data Source: USDOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics: Summary to 1985, Table HA-202A, Highway Statistics 1986-95, Table FL-3, Highway Statistics 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 39

2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, Table FI-20. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 13 13a: Means of transportation to work from residence - 2000; 13b: Means of transportation

to work at the workplace - 2000. Data Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, 2000 Summary File #3 Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 14 Modes for census journey-to-work by mode: 1990 and 2000.


FIGURE 15 Census travel time to work (regional/state/national): 2000.


FIGURE 16 Person-trips by purpose: 2000.

Data Source: USDOT, FHWA, 2001 Nationwide Household Transportation Survey, NYS Add-On Summarization, http://www.dot.state.ny.us/ttss/nhts01.pdf Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 17 Person-trips by mode: 2001.

Data Source: USDOT, FHWA, 2001 Nationwide Household Transportation Survey, NYS Add-On Summarization, http://www.dot.state.ny.us/ttss/nhts01.pdf Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 18 Public transit system service areas in NYS 2006.

Data Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division, Transit Bureau Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division, Transit Bureau

FIGURE 19 Public transit revenue passengers and miles: SFY 2005-06.

Data Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division, Transit Bureau, 2006 Annual Report on Public Transportation Assistance Programs in New York State, Tables III 1-4 Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 20 NYS public transportation ridership trend 1974-2005.

Data Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division, Transit Bureau, Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 21 NYS Empire Corridor Amtrak passengers 1977-2005.

Data Source: NYSDOT Freight and Economic Development Division Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 22 Airport boardings: 1980-2005.

Data Source: NYSDOT Aviation Bureau; FAA DOT/TSC ACAIS Database Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 23 Comparison of 2002 and 1997 Commodity Flow Surveys

Data Source: US Department of Commerce, 2002 & 1997 Census of Transportation, Communications and Utilities, Commodity Flow Survey Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 24 Freight shipments by mode: 2002

Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census, Transportation - Commodity Flow Survey Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

40

FIGURE 25 Trade with Canada 2005

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Trans-border Surface Freight Transportation Data, 2006. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 26 NYS-Canada trade, imports and exports by mode 2005

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Trans-border Surface Freight Transportation Data, 2006. Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

FIGURE 27 Waterborne freight movements 2004

Data Source: USDOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2004 United States Waterway Data Source: NYSDOT Policy & Strategy Division

41

TEXT DATA SOURCES Additional Data Sources used in Report Text: Section 2 - Population and Employment - U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population, July 1, 2005; Global Insight, State Establishment Employment (Jobs). Section 3 - Highways and Their Users - FHWA, 2004 Highway Statistics, tables DL-1C, HM-14, HM-20 and HM-48, and some calculations by NYSDOT Policy & Strategy’s Data Acquisition & Integration Section on these FHWA tables, Working/Nerlbaum/mtr_veh/driverspercapita05.xls, and Working/Nerlbaum/Profile/2005/Pct_Licence_05.xls Section 6 - Freight Movements - 2002 Commodity Flow Survey national data quoted as presented in the NYSDOT Transportation Master Plan, p. 26. Full citation on the following data sources page.

42

DATA SOURCES NYSDOT • New York State Department of Transportation, Aviation Bureau, New York State Enplanements by

Airport/Years 1995 - 2005. • New York State Department of Transportation, Highway Data Services Bureau, 2004 Highway

Mileage Report for New York State. • New York State Department of Transportation, Freight & Economic Development Division,

Amtrak Station Ridership Reports, 2005, 2006. • New York State Department of Transportation, Policy & Strategy Division, Transit Bureau, 2006

Annual Report on Public Transportation Assistance Programs in New York State. • New York State Department of Transportation, Policy & Strategy Division, Strategies for a New

Age: New York State’s Transportation Master Plan for 2030. Albany, N.Y.: NYSDOT, 2006. OTHER NYS AGENCIES $ New York State Department of Labor, Division of Research and Statistics $ New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Registrations in Force Report, 2005. $ New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Licenses on File Report, 2005. $ New York State Empire State Development, State Data Center US AGENCIES $ Amtrak, National Fact Sheet, Amtrak Media Relations, July 2006. $ Amtrak, Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2005, State of New York. $ US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2006, Washington, D.C., 2005. $ US Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of Resident Population, July 1, 2006. $ US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Summary File #3 and Census Transportation

Planning Package. $ US Department of Commerce, Census of Transportation, Communication and Utilities,

Commodity Flow Survey, 2002, 1997. $ US DOT, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), Trans-border Surface Freight Transportation

Data, 2005 $ US DOT, BTS, United States Waterway Data 2004 $ US DOT, BTS, National Transportation Statistics 2002 $ US DOT, BTS, State Transportation Profile Summary; New York $ US DOT, FAA, Air Carrier Activity Information System (ACAIS),

http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/ $ US DOT, FHWA, 2001 National Household Travel Survey; U.S. Summary Tables, NYS Tables. $ US DOT, FHWA, Highway Statistics: Summary to 1985, 1986-1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,

2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004. $ US DOT, FHWA, Planning, Environment & Realty, “National Highway System,”

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep10/nhs/index.html OTHER $ Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, State University of New York, New York State

Statistical Yearbook 2005 $ World Almanac Books, 2006 World Almanac and Book of Facts, Trade and Transportation $ Dean International, NAFTA Trade: Past, Present, and Future $ Global Insight (DRI-WEFA) $ National Association of Railroad Passengers $ World Institute for Strategic Economic Research (WISER), www.wisertrade.org State Exports,

from U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division.

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