A tour of the Cell Chapter 6 .
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Transcript of A tour of the Cell Chapter 6 .
A tour of the CellA tour of the Cell
Chapter 6Chapter 6http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTA&feature=related
Cell theoryCell theoryAll living things are composed All living things are composed
of cellsof cellsCells are the basic unit of Cells are the basic unit of
function and structure in living function and structure in living thingsthings
All cells come from pre-existing All cells come from pre-existing cellscells
Main cell Main cell componentscomponents
Plasma membranePlasma membraneCytoplasmCytoplasmNucleusNucleusOrganellesOrganellesCell wall (only in plant cells)Cell wall (only in plant cells)
Eukaryotic vs. Eukaryotic vs. prokaryoticprokaryotic
cellscells Contains nucleusContains nucleus Many organelles Many organelles
presentpresent 10-100 10-100
micrometersmicrometers Appeared later in Appeared later in
the fossil recordthe fossil record
Lacks a nucleusLacks a nucleus Lacks organellesLacks organelles
1-10 1-10 micrometersmicrometers
Appeared earlier Appeared earlier in the fossil in the fossil recordrecord
Two Basic types Two Basic types Cell membrane
cytoplasm
Cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Cell organelles
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cell membraneRibosomesCell wall
NucleusEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusLysosomesVacuolesMitochondriaCytoskeleton
Compare and Contrast
Pages 112-113Pages 112-113
Compare/contrast plant and Compare/contrast plant and animal cellsanimal cells
Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wallLarge vacuole
chloroplast
Centrioleslysosomes
ribosomesmitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
Plasma membraneComposed of proteins and a
type of lipid called phospholipid
The structure that makes the plasma membrane is called the phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipid molecule of Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane Structure
Ways cells get molecules Ways cells get molecules in and out of cellin and out of cell
No cell energy usedNo cell energy used
diffusiondiffusion
passive transport (facilitated passive transport (facilitated diffusion)diffusion)
Cell energy usedCell energy used
Active transportActive transport
DiffusionThe net movement of particles
of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
DiffusionDiffusion
The random movement of molecules The random movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low from a high concentration to a low concentrationconcentration
If system is left alone the molecules If system is left alone the molecules will eventually spread themselves will eventually spread themselves equally every where – the molecules equally every where – the molecules do not stop moving thoughdo not stop moving though
Types of Transport through plasma membrane Passive transport
– Diffusion: some molecules cross the plasma membrane with no expenditure of energy or help from transport proteins
Osmosis: difusion of water through a membrane
– Facilitated diffusion: Transport molecules provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass
Active transport
Higher Concentrationof Water
Lower Concentrationof Water
Water molecules
Sugar molecules
Water moves from high concentration to low concentration
Results of water Results of water movement on cellsmovement on cells
Types of Transport through plasma membrane Passive transport
– Diffusion Osmosis
– Facilitated diffusion Active transport: A transport
protein pumps a solute across a membrane in the opposite direction to the way it travels with diffusion. It requires chemical energy.
HighConcentration
LowConcentration
CellMembrane
Glucosemolecules
Proteinchannel
Proteinchannel
Facilitated diffusion orPassive transport
Used when the cell wants to make sure it has lots of the molecule
Molecule tobe carried
LowConcentration
CellMembrane
HighConcentration
Moleculebeing carried
LowConcentration
CellMembrane
HighConcentration
Energy Energy
Molecules moved fromLOW concentration to HIGHconcentration
Energy from the cell is used
Main cell parts and Main cell parts and functionsfunctions
CytoplasmCytoplasm: holds : holds organelles - transport organelles - transport mediummedium
NucleusNucleus: Control : Control center – contains the center – contains the DNADNA
Ribosomes: make Ribosomes: make proteinsproteins
RERRER: modify and : modify and transport proteinstransport proteins
SEDSED: Production of : Production of lipids (fats)lipids (fats)
Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus: Process : Process and package proteins and and package proteins and lipidslipids
ChloroplastChloroplast: Where : Where photosynthesis occurs photosynthesis occurs
MitochondriaMitochondria: : Releases energy Releases energy usable by the cellusable by the cell