国際政治基礎A Spring 2015 CLASS 1 LECTURE 1
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Transcript of 国際政治基礎A Spring 2015 CLASS 1 LECTURE 1
Fundamental Concepts of International Politics A
東洋大学 国際政治基礎 AClass 1 ・ Lecture 1 ・ 4.13.2015
グリーン・ H ・スティーブン法学部・准教授H. Steven GreenAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Law
Fundamental Concepts of International Politics A
Class 1 ・ Lecture 1 ・ 4.13.2015
I. Quiz II. What is international politics (IP)?III. 5 Basic Concepts (概念)
I. QUIZ Part 1Please write “T” if the sentence is true or “F” if it is false.
1. _____ The United Nations is the world’s government. 2. _____ There are almost 200 countries in the world.3. _____ International organizations are important because they are places where leaders can talk and get information. 4. _____ Free trade creates more global wealth.5. _____ Values and beliefs are NOT useful for IP because they do not have direct power.
I. QUIZ Part 2
What are some of the international organizations (IOs) that you know?
What are some of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that you know?
What is the difference between IOs and NGOs?
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS VOCABULARY
State = country
We talk about “states” the way we talk about people: “States do…” “States want…”
• “Japan trades with China.”• “The USA wants to cooperate with the UK.”
States are controlled by their own governments• “The government of Japan” (日本政府)
II. What is international politics (IP)?
International politics is the politics of the international system.
What is the international system?
The international system is based on countries and their relationships with each other.
II. What is international politics?International politics is what happens among the
world’s states: – Trade 貿易– Help 援助– Cooperation 協力– War 戦争
The Study of International Politics国際政治学
People who study IP try to analyze* all of these
international relationships systematically.
*analyze: 分析する
The Study of International Politics国際政治学
People who study IP try to analyze all of these international relationships systematically.
We do not just study what one country does: We study what it does as part of the international system.
TOP BOARD The ONE most importantthing to know about the international system is at this level.
What is the most important thing to know about international politics?
1. AnarchyThe international system has
no government.
A “self-help” systemStates must find a way to help themselves: They cannot
rely on a world government to help them.
What is international politics (IP)?
IP is politics without a government that controls or makes decisions for states.
「国際政治とは、共通の主義者の存在しない状況において、自らより上位の支配者を持たない政治体の間で行われる政治である」
-Joseph Nye
The United Nations (UN) is NOT a world government.
• The UN cannot make laws.• It is a place where governments can talk and
debate.
Countries cannot call 1-1-9• Countries must protect themselves• Sometimes they cooperate• Sometimes they help other countries
BUT• The international system is unpredictable and
dangerous (予測不可能で危険だ) , so…• Countries worry most about security & power
EVERY country has its own military ( 軍隊 ), including Japan. (The 自衛隊 is one of the most
powerful militaries in the world.)
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2. Balance of Power
Because of anarchy, states worry about who is becoming stronger or weaker.
• No state wants to become weaker.• States make alliances (連盟) with other states US – Japan- Australia Canada - India
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2. Balance of Power
Many states do not want certain kinds of states to become more powerful, so they cooperate to fight or contain
them.• In WWII (第二次世界大戦) , the UK and US
cooperated with the USSR (even though they opposed communism( 共和主義 )).
• The EU and the US try to contain Iran’s power.• The EU, the US, China, Japan and South Korea cooperate
to contain North Korea’s power.
TOP BOARD 1. Anarchy2. Balance of Power
MIDDLE BOARD3. IOs (International Organizations)• States are members of IOS• Private citizens and companies are NOT members of IOs
Talking is (usually) better than fighting.IOs are useful places for leaders to get more information about other states.
TOP BOARD 1. Anarchy2. Balance of Power
MIDDLE BOARD3. IOs (International Oganizations)4. Free Trade (自由貿易)
4. Free TradeWhy do almost all countries trade?
• Trade is the easiest way to get what your country needs • Japan, like most countries in the world, does not have natural
resources such as oil or natural gas.
• Trade creates wealth • National economies cannot make everything consumers
(消費者) want .• Trading creates more wealth because demand (需要)
creates innovation.
Free TradeEast Asia & Pacific Region, 1970-2006
As trade increases, national wealth also increases.
http://www.oecd.org/trade/whyopenmarketsmatter.htm
Free TradeEven after the 2008 financial crisis (金融危機) , trade
creates wealth.
http://www.zerohedge.com/article/detailed-look-global-wealth-distribution
TOP BOARD 1. Anarchy2. Balance of Power MIDDLE BOARD3. IOs4. Free Trade
BOTTOM BOARD5. Values and beliefs
Human ideas about “right” and “wrong” change.Slavery (奴隷制度) used to be normal.
5. Values and Beliefs
• Even states that do not respect human rights or democracy say they do.
• Democratic states make mistakes, but usually protect most people’s human rights.
Human rights (人権) & Democracy
NGOs: Non-governmental OrganizationsUseful for creating and spreading values.
Private citizens can participate in NGOs. Governments may NOT participate in NGOs. Members of one
NGO often come from many different countries.
TOP BOARD 1. Anarchy2. Balance of Power
MIDDLE BOARD3. IOs4. Free Trade
BOTTOM BOARD5. Values and beliefs
I. QUIZ Part 1Please write “T” if the sentence is true or “F” if it is false.
1. _____ The United Nations is the world’s government. 2. _____ There are almost 200 countries in the world.3. _____ International organizations are important because they are places where leaders can talk and get information. 4. _____ Free trade creates more global wealth.5. _____ Values and beliefs are NOT useful for IP because they do not have direct power.
I. QUIZ Part 1 - ANSWERSPlease write “T” if the sentence is true or “F” if it is false.
1. __F__ The United Nations is the world’s government. 2. __T__ There are almost 200 countries in the world.3. __T__ International organizations are important because they are places where leaders can talk and get information. 4. __T__ Free trade creates more global wealth.5. __F__ Values and beliefs are NOT useful for IP because they do not have direct power.
I. QUIZ Part 2
What is the difference between IOs and NGOs?
• Only states may participate in IOs• Only private citizens may pariticpate in
NGOs.
How to succeed in this class
1. Come to every class.2. Bring a dictionary to class.3. Read the textbook: It will be difficult in the
beginning but will become easier over time. You already have the English skills to do it!
4. Do all the homework.5. Participate in class: Talk to, and help, each other.6. Watch the TV news or read a newspaper every
day (online or “dead tree”.)
Class Goals
• Learn most important facts and ideas about IP
• Make your English more advanced• Learn to think systematically
COURSE SYLLABUSREQUIRED TEXTBOOKSUnderstanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An
Introduction to Theory and History, Ninth Edition, Joseph Nye and David Welch (New York: Pearson Longman) 2011
English-Japanese dictionary
See you next week!
If you plan to join this class, please buy a copy of the text book at 井上書店
or order it online.
HOMEWORK 1 is due APRIL 20th at the beginning of class.
Read pages 22-30 to do the homework.