A Review of Recently-revised State Standards for Arts Education
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Transcript of A Review of Recently-revised State Standards for Arts Education
A Review of Recently-revised State Standards for Arts Education
Presenters
• Nancy Rubino, Senior Director, Office of Academic Initiatives, The College Board
• Amy Charleroy, Associate Director, Arts at the Core, Office of Academic Initiatives, The College Board
Structure of Report
Part I: General Arts Education Standards
Part II: Review of Media Arts Standards
Goals: • Identify themes/trends in frameworks and
overall structure of standards
• Identify themes/trends in guiding philosophies or goals addressed in the revision of the standards
State Standards in Arts Education
Goals of Research:
Part I: General Arts Education Standards
• Phase I: Review and summarize standards documents
• Phase II: Follow-up interviews with state arts education representatives
State Standards in Arts Education
Research Process:
• Colorado
• Florida
• Michigan
• New Jersey
• New York City
• North Carolina
• Tennessee
• Washington
State Standards in Arts Education
States/districts reviewed:
State Standards in Arts Education
Key findings: Structure of Standards
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Standards/Strands/Big Ideas: Broad goal statements OR broad categories that more specific standards will fit within
Grade Level (or grade band) expectations: Age- and grade-appropriate recommendations for what students should know, understand, and be able to at different stages
Evidence Outcomes/ Performance Indicators: How you will know when the grade level expectations have been met.
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Standards/Strands/Big Ideas: Broad goal statements OR broad categories that more specific standards will fit within
Grade Level (or grade band) expectations: Age- and grade-appropriate recommendations for what students should know, understand, and be able to at different stages
Evidence Outcomes/ Performance Indicators: How you will know when the grade level expectations have been met.
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Florida: Big Ideas1. Critical Thinking and Reflection
2. Techniques and Processes
3. Organizational Structure
4. Historical and Global Connections
5. Innovation, Technology, and the Future
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Colorado: StandardsDance Music Theatre Visual Art
1. Movement, Technique, and Performance
2. Create, Compose, and Choreograph
3. Historical and Cultural Context
4. Reflect, Connect, and Respond
1. Expression of Music
2. Creation of Music
3. Theory of Music
4. Aesthetic Valuation of Music
1. Create2. Perform3. Critically
Respond
1. Observe and Learn to Comprehend
2. Envision and Critique to Reflect
3. Invent and Discover to Create
4. Relate and Connect to Transfer
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
State Dance Music Theatre Visual Art
Colorado (Standards)
1. Movement, Technique, and Performance
2. Create, Compose, and Choreograph
3. Historical and Cultural Context
4. Reflect, Connect, and Respond
1. Expression of Music
2. Creation of Music
3. Theory of Music4. Aesthetic
Valuation of Music
1. Create2. Perform3. Critically
Respond
1. Observe and Learn to Comprehend
2. Envision and Critique to Reflect
3. Invent and Discover to Create
4. Relate and Connect to Transfer
Tennessee(Standards)
1. Elements and Skills2. Choreography3. Creativity and
Communication4. Criticism5. Cultural/Historical6. Health7. Interdisciplinary
Connections
1. Singing2. Playing Instruments3. Improvising4. Composing5. Reading and
Notating6. Listening and
Analyzing7. Evaluating8. Interdisciplinary
Connections9. Historical and
Cultural Connections
1. Script Writing2. Character Acting3. Scene Design4. Directing5. Research6. Theatrical
presentation7. Scene
Comprehension8. Context
1. Media, Techniques, and Processes
2. Structures and Functions
3. Evaluation4. Historical and
Cultural Relationships
5. Reflecting and Assessing
6. Interdisciplinary Connections
Washington 1. The student understands and applies arts knowledge and skills in dance, music, theatre, and visual arts. 2. The student uses the artistic process of creating, performing/presenting, and responding to demonstrate
thinking skills in dance, music, theatre, and visual arts. 3. The student communicates through the arts (dance, music, theatre, and visual arts). 4. The student makes connections within and across the arts (dance, music, theatre, and visual arts) to
other disciplines, life, cultures, and work.
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Standards/Strands/Big Ideas: Broad goal statements OR broad categories that more specific standards will fit within
Grade Level (or grade band) expectations: Age- and grade-appropriate recommendations for what students should know, understand, and be able to at different stages
Evidence Outcomes/ Performance Indicators: How you will know when the grade level expectations have been met.
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Michigan Merit Curriculum Benchmarks: Dance
Category: PerformStandard 1: Apply skills and knowledge to perform in the arts
Kindergarten Explore basic locomotor movements; e.g., walk, run, gallop, slide, and jump moving in a straight pathway.
Grade 1 Explore basic locomotor movements moving in a straight line; e.g., walk, run, gallop, slide, jump, step hop, skip.
Grade 2Demonstrate the following skills: run, hop (one foot to the same foot), skip, leap (one foot to the other), jump (from two feet to one or two feet), and gallop in place and in straight, curved, and zigzag pathways.
Grade 3 Demonstrate basic locomotor skills through moving forward, backward, and sideways in both straight and curved lines.
Grade 4 Demonstrate basic locomotor skills through moving forward, backward, and sideways in both straight and curved lines to varied tempos.
High School standards • High school standards were most often addressed as a
single grade band, while earlier levels are dealt with grade-by-grade.
• In several states, high school standards are addressed in multiple tracks or pathways • Colorado: Fundamental Pathway and Extended Pathway
• North Carolina: Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
Standards/Strands/Big Ideas: Broad goal statements OR broad categories that more specific standards will fit within
Grade Level (or grade band) expectations: Age- and grade-appropriate recommendations for what students should know, understand, and be able to at different stages
Evidence Outcomes/ Performance Indicators: How you will know when the grade level expectations have been met.
Key findings: Structure of StandardsState Standards in Arts Education
NORTH CAROLINA GRADE 8 ESSENTIAL STANDARDS: MUSIC STRAND: MUSICAL LITERACY
Essential Standard Clarifying Objectives
Apply the elements of music and musical techniques in order to sing and play music with accuracy and expression
8.ML.1.1: Use characteristic tone and consistent pitch when performing music alone and collaboratively, in small and large ensembles, using a variety of music.
8.ML.1.2: Integrate the fundamental techniques (such as posture, playing position, breath control, fingerings, and bow/stick control) necessary to sing and/or play an instrument.
8.ML.1.3: Interpret expressive elements, including dynamics, timbre, blending, accents, attacks, releases, phrasing, and interpretation, while singing and/or playing a varied repertoire of music with technical accuracy.
State Standards in Arts Education
Key findings: Sources of influence in the standards revision process
21st Century Skills
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Michigan Standards: Grades 9-12, Music
Standard 1: PERFORM: Apply skills and knowledge to perform in the arts
Benchmark P21 links
Sing and play with expression and technical accuracy a large and varied repertoire of vocal and instrumental literature with a moderate level of difficulty, including some selections performed from memory.
I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6, II.1, II.7, III.3, III.4, III.10
Sing written music in four parts, with and without accompaniment
I.3, I.4, I.5, II.1, III.4, III.6
Perform an appropriate part in large and small ensembles, demonstrating well-developed ensemble skills
I.4, II.5, III.3
Perform music using instruments (traditional and non-traditional) and electronic media
I.1, I.2, II.2, II.3, II.5, III.2
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
References to NAEP FrameworkExample: New Jersey standards
Standard NAEP Alignment
Standard 1: The Creative ProcessAll students will demonstrate an understanding of the elements and principles that govern the creation of works of art in dance, music, theatre, and visual art
Creating
Standard 2: History of the Arts and CultureAll students will understand the role, development, and influence of the arts throughout history and across cultures
Creating
Standard 3: PerformingAll students will synthesize skills, media, methods, and technologies that are appropriate to creating, performing, and/or presenting works of art in dance, music, theatre, and visual art
Performing
Standard 4: Aesthetic Responses and Critique Methodologies All students will demonstrate and apply an understanding of arts philosophies, judgment, and analysis to works of art in dance, music, theatre and visual art
Responding
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Washington• The NAEP language of
creating, performing, and responding connects the skills and concepts associated with all disciplines.
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Understanding by Design influenceExample: Florida
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Big Ideas Enduring Understandings
Critical Thinking and Reflection
Enduring Understanding 1: Cognition and reflection are required to appreciate, interpret, and create with artistic intent
Enduring Understanding 2: Assessing our own and others’ artistic work, using critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making skills, is central to artistic growth
Enduring Understanding 3: The process of critiquing works of art lead to development of critical thinking skills transferable to other contexts
Skills, Techniques, and Processes
Enduring Understanding 1: The arts are inherently experiential and actively engage learners in the processes of creating, interpreting, and responding to art.
Enduring Understanding 2: Development of skills, techniques, and processes in the arts strengthens our ability to remember, focus on, process, and sequence information.
Enduring Understanding 3: Through purposeful practice, artists learn to manage, master, and refine simple, then complex, skills and techniques
Understanding by Design influenceExample: Colorado
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
State Standards in Arts EducationKey Findings: Pedagogical themes or trends
Influenced the language and ideas of the standards
P21
Bloom’s
Directly influenced the
structure of the standards
NAEP
UbD
Part II: Media Arts Standards
Review of media arts standards in the United States: • LAUSD
• Minnesota
• New York City (the Moving Image category of the NYC Blueprint for the Arts)
• South Carolina
Goals:• Identify similarities and differences in definitions of media arts,
and approaches to instruction
Media Arts Standards
State/District Media addressed
LAUSDDigital imaging, cinema, animation, interactive web and game design, virtual 2D and 3D design, and digital sound production.
Minnesota Photography, film or video, audio, computer or digital arts, and interactive media
New York City Film, television, animation
South Carolina Animation, film studies, graphic design, sound design and recording, digital photography
Media Arts Standards
LAUSD(strands)
Minnesota(standards)
New York City(strands)
South Carolina(standards)
Artistic Perception
Artistic Foundations
Making Moving Images Creating media artwork
Creative Expression Literacy Understanding
artistic design:
Historical and Cultural Context Making Connections Media literacy
Aesthetic ValuingArtistic Process: Create or Make
Community and Cultural Resources Making connections:
Connections, Relationships, Applications
Artistic Process: Perform or Present
Careers and lifelong learning: History and cultures:
Artistic Process: Respond or Critique Using technology
responsibly:
Media Arts Standards
Primary Intermediate Middle High School• Developing basic
technical skills to develop and present media art works.
• Drawing from their imaginations, experiences, or the exploration of ideas and feelings
• Learning how to generate, capture, manipulate, produce, and present information
• Working collaboratively
• Working collaboratively
• Focusing on the ability to create as well as find meaning in and understand the impact of media arts
• Building an understanding of the personal, cultural, and historical contexts of media
• Focusing on the use of original imagery and sound in new combinations and multiple formats
• Developing an understanding of media art, beyond mass media imagery, and use tools of production for their own personal expression
• Expanding technical base of knowledge
• Focusing on the development of skills and abilities for extended interaction with various genres of the media arts
• Particular emphasis on using one or more genres to demonstrate creativity, problem solving, and collaboration skills in complex works.
• Students expertise and expression should be developed through more in-depth review, interpretation, and evaluation of their work and the work of others.
Example: Minnesota
Media Arts Standards
Resource Documents:
• Every set of media arts standards surveyed had accompanying resource documents for educators, from general suggestions for implementation to highly specific lesson plans and units of study.
Media Arts Standards
• Media literacy as a component of media arts, the way that responding to works of visual or performing arts are elements of the standards in dance, music, theatre, and visual art
Themes and trends in the standards
South Carolina Standards: Media LiteracyThe student will access, analyze, interpret, and create media textsDemonstrate the ways in which a variety of media texts address their intended purpose and audience .
Create messages using media texts.
Demonstrate comprehension of the effectiveness of the presentation and treatment ideas in media texts.
Identify the codes and conventions used in media texts and explain the ways in which they help to create meaning.
Evaluate the creative techniques used in a variety of media texts (for example, television, film, radio, internet).
Analyze the manner in which the language, tone, and point of view in media texts work to influence the meaning and interpretation of messages.
Describe the characteristics of particular media art forms and explain ways that they convey meaning and influence their audience.
Media Arts Standards
The Role of Technology:
• Specific technology types very rarely mentioned (just as specific musical instruments or art media wouldn’t be recommended in the other standards
• Limiting the references to specific types of technology also allows the standards to evolve as technology does
Themes and trends in the standards
Interdisciplinary Learning
• The concept of working across disciplines is especially strongly embedded in the media arts standards, perhaps out of the realization that stand-alone media arts classes may not be possible in every region.
Media Arts Standards
Discussion:• Were there any examples today that particularly interested you?
• In addition to the reference documents mentioned (the P21 skills, Understanding by Design framework, Bloom’s Taxonomy, NAEP framework) are there any other resources that you think should be central to the standards redesign process?
Find College Board/NCCAS research online
The College Board: Arts at the Corehttp://advocacy.collegeboard.org/preparation-access/arts-core.
National Coalition for Core Arts Standards
http://nccas.wikispaces.com http://nccas.wikispaces.com.
Nancy Rubino, Senior Director, Office of Academic [email protected]
Amy Charleroy, Associate Director, Office of Academic Initiatives, [email protected]