A multi-wavelength view of galaxy evolution with AKARI

Stephen Serjeant

29th February 2012

A multi-wavelength view of galaxy evolution with AKARI

Stephen Serjeant

29th February 2012

Outline• XTENDED PS program of resolved galaxies

– Old friends: M31, Arp 220, M82, NGC 253 etc– The Herschel Reference Survey– The JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey

• Bright galaxies in the Herschel ATLAS key project– Nearby galaxies (see also Chris Pearson’s talk)– Bright submm galaxies (see also Chris Sedgwick’s

talk) and strong gravitational lenses• The link between Herschel and AKARI ultra-deep

populations• The prospects for Herschel data in the NEP-Deep field

• 90μm: blue• 140μm: green• 160μm: red

M31

Credit: Chynoweth et al., NRAO/AUI/NSF, Digital Sky Survey

M81 / M82

M81 / M82

M81 / M82

• 90μm: blue• 140μm: green• 160μm: red

Image: CFH

NGC 253

• 90μm: blue• 140μm: green• 160μm: red

IRAS F10214+4724

• 60μm: blue• 90μm: green• 140μm: red

Well, maybe ;)

Arp 220

• AKARI photometry shown in red

• Aperture effect?

• Or saturation?• Assume AKARI

flux calibration correct in the following SEDs

Herschel Reference Survey• Volume-limited (15-25 Mpc) and Ktot ≤ 12 (late-type) or

Ktot ≤ 8.7 (E, S0, Sa)

• Goals: e.g. census of cold dust along Hubble sequence; relation between dust emission and star formation; galaxy extinction; dust in ellipticals

• Over 1/3 of the sample lack sensitive far-IR data (e.g. Spitzer, Herschel PACS)

• The following are preliminary photometry from the AKARI all-sky survey diffuse maps; photometric errors probably underestimated

Mdust = 5.5×107 M

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

SPIRE

Mdust = 7.4×107 M

SPIRE

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

Mdust = 3.4×107 M

SPIRE

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

Mdust = 6.5×107 M

SPIRE

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

Mdust = 8.5×107 M

SPIRE

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

Mdust = 8.3×107 M

SPIRE

SEDs & SPIRE images courtesy of Matt Smith, CardiffSee Ciesla et al. in preparation

JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey

• Legacy Survey on the JCMT• Observations: sub-kpc resolved CO (J=3-2) and

continuum (450μm and 850μm) in 155 nearby galaxies• Sample:

– SINGS (heterogenous selection)– HI-selected field galaxies– HI-selected Virgo cluster galaxies.

• Goals: physical properties of dust; gas:dust ratio; effects of morphology and environment

• SINGS has Spitzer & Herschel FIR data; Virgo sample has Herschel PACS from HeViCS, but field sample lacks sensitive FIR data.

NGC 1156

• 140μm (Wide-L) 2’x2’ shown

• AKARI resolution can benefit photometry in higher cirrus regions

• LIRG/ULIRG• SMG• QSO• LBG• Spiralo Irregular• Peculiar /

Wolf-Rayet

JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey: FIR vs CO

• Extends nearly linear LFIR vs. LCO(3-2) relation to ~5 orders of magnitude lower LFIR in homogeneously-selected local sample

Iono et al. 2009

& JCMT NGLS field sample

NB the few heterogeneously-selected local galaxies in the Iono sample are not plotted

JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey: FIR vs CO

• LFIR/LCO SFR/MCO Molecular gas depletion time ~3 Gyr

Iono et al. 2009

& JCMT NGLS field sample

• LIRG/ULIRG• SMG• QSO• LBG• Spiralo Irregular• Peculiar /

Wolf-RayetNB the few heterogenously-selected local galaxies in the Iono sample are not plotted

Herschel ATLAS

• 550 deg2 (1% of sky) at 110-500μm to close to confusion limits at 250-500μm

• Largest open time key project on Herschel

Herschel ATLAS

• UGC 4754 (Baes et al. 2010): radiative transfer models under-predict far-IR by ~×2

• Suggests presence of highly obscured star formation that does not contribute significantly to global extinction

• See also Chris Pearson’s talk for AKARI detections of H-ATLAS local galaxies

Herschel ATLAS

• Bright Herschel population also a rich source of strong lenses – not every optical ID is physically associated with the far-IR

• See Negrello et al. 2010 Science

• Arises due to steep intrinsic high-z galaxy submm source counts

Herschel ATLAS

• Bright Herschel population also a rich source of strong lenses – not every optical ID is physically associated with the far-IR

• See Negrello et al. 2010 Science

• Arises due to steep intrinsic high-z galaxy submm source counts

HST SNAPs; Negrello et al. in prep

AKARI Abell 2218

Hopwood et al. 2010 ApJL 716, L45

Hopwood, Negrello, Serjeant 2012 MNRAS in preparation

• Stack 15μm positions in Herschel maps

Link between Herschel & AKARI populations in Abell 2218

Hopwood, Negrello, Serjeant 2012 MNRAS in preparation

• Stack 15μm positions in Herschel maps

• Results: the 15μm population contributes 41%, 33%, 27% of the CIRB at 250μm, 350μm, 500μm (uncertainties dominated by ~5σ CIRB measurements)

Link between Herschel & AKARI populations in Abell 2218

Prospects for NEP field• Herschel: OT2 award (see Chris Pearson’s talk)• SCUBA-2: scheduled to observe NEP in UH time and

remains a deep field in re-scoped JCMT Cosmology Legacy Survey

• LOFAR: NEP in tier 2 of extragalactic wedding cake (50 hours per pointing)

• Euclid (1.2m telescope launch in 2019): ~20k deg2 shallow survey & ~40 deg2 of deep surveys (vis,Y,J,H to 26-26.5 mag 5σ) plus 1.1-2μm low-resolution spectra; Ecliptic Poles are the only deep fields guaranteed to be observed given orbit visibility constraints

Conclusions• Preliminary photometry in Herschel reference survey: dust

masses for the HRS field sample• Preliminary photometry in JCMT Nearby Galaxies Legacy

Survey: LFIR vs. LCO(3-2) relation extended in homogeneously-selected sample to ~5 orders of magnitude lower LFIR; molecular gas depletion timescale ~3Gyr

• AKARI 15μm ultra-deep population contributes ~1/3 of submm background in Herschel SPIRE bands