A Look at Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
Transcript of A Look at Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.
A Look at Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
For thousands of years, we have been selectively breeding plants and animals
We choose organisms with most desired traits to serve as parents
This increases the frequency of desired alleles in a population over many generations
Involves cutting (or cleaving) DNA from one organism into small fragments and inserting those fragments into a host organism of the same or a different species.
Also called recombinant DNA technology.
Recombinant DNA is made by connecting, or recombining, fragments of DNA from different sources.
Transgenic organisms: contain foreign DNA from another species or organism.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
Cut DNA from two organisms using the same enzyme (that recognizes the same sequence) The two pieces will have
matching ends that can be joined together.
Once the new pieces are joined together, it is now called Recombinant DNA
New combination of the sequence
Protein manufacturing(insulin)
Gene therapy
Selective breeding
Analyzing organisms’ DNA for crime investigations, paternity cases, and genetic diseases.
Gel electrophoresis
Clones are genetically identical copies
Most famous cloned organism is Dolly, the sheep cloned in 1997
Since then goats, mice, cattle, pigs, cats, and dogs have all been cloned
Animals that have been genetically altered could serve as models for studying human disease.
Repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed (Sumatran tiger or the giant panda).
Produce whole organs from single cells or produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells.
Cells that have none of its DNAturned on (undifferentiated)
It can then become any type of cell based on what sections of DNA are turned on
Embryonic cells are already stem cells
Some adult cells are stem cells, while others can become stem cells
Uses restriction enzymes to separate DNA into fragments of different sizes
Fragments are separated by size through a “gel” & an electric current
Larger fragments move slower than smaller, creating a specific pattern in the gel
If you use the same DNA source & the same restriction enzymes, the pattern in the gel will always be the same
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