A Growing Sense of NationhoodChapter 13

I. Developing a Nation in a Land of Differences

A. American Landscape in the Early 1800s1. 2/3 of Americans lived within 50 miles of Atlantic Coast2. Land between the Appalachian Mountains and the

Mississippi was “the west”3. Travel ( of anything) was difficult and slow4. Regional lifestyles developed

a) Yankees (northeast) – enterprising, thrifty, growing cities and bustling trade

b) Plantation owners of South – gracious, cultured, lazyc) Frontiersmen (west) – rugged, hardy, crude

B. Symbols & Values1. After British burned Washington, Congress had architects

rebuild in style that would rival buildings of Europe2. “Uncle Sam” (a butcher) had provided army with meat

during War of 1812 (legend)3. Americans saw themselves devoted to individualism and

equality

II. Politics: Era of Good Feelings

A. Economic Nationalism1. Congressman Henry Clay thought future

lay in capitalism but also believed the national government had a role to play in encouraging economic growtha) High tariffs to protect industryb) Federal spending on transportation projectsc) National bank to standardize currency and

provide credit (1816 – 2nd Bank of US)

II. Politics: Era of Good FeelingsB. Judicial Nationalism

1. Chief Justice John Marshall – most important court decisions in history,

a) 2 major impacts1- Strengthened the role of the Court, as well as federal

power over states• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – Court confirmed

Congress’s power to create a national bank free from state interference

2- Encouraged the growth of capitalism• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – Court struck down a

monopoly that NY had granted to steamboat company operating between NY and NJ. Only Congress had authority to regulate interstate commerce

C. End of the Era1. 1824 – 4 candidates competed for President

a) Ended up in hands of the House of Representativesb) House elected John Quincy Adamsc) Those who rallied around Andrew Jackson created

“Democrats”

Era of Good Feelings

III. Early American Art

A. Folk art1. Simple, direct, often colorful2. Weathervanes, quilts, flags

B. Portraits1. Gilbert Stuart – painted Washington, used for

picture on dollarC. Landscapes

1. Thomas Cole – American landscapes2. John Audubon – 435 detailed portraits of birds3. George Catlin – Native Americans’ traditional

ways

IV. Early American Music

A. In the North1. Orchestras played classical music from Europe2. Formal dancing

B. In the South1. Slaves combined the hymns of white churchgoers with

African musical styles to create spirituals2. Square dances

C. Patriotic Anthems1. Grew with demand for popular songs

D. Minstrel Songs1. Honored black music by mimicking it but also mocked

African Americans by making themselves look like them

V. Early American Literature

A. Washington Irving1. Drew on German folklore but set them in upstate NY2. “Rip Van Winkle”, “Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

B. James Fenimore Cooper1. Wrote about the adventures of rugged frontiersmen

venturing into the wilderness2. Last of the Mohicans

C. Davy Crockett1. real-life frontiersman who spun tall tales about his life as

a hunter, scout, soldier, explorer2. His autobiography gave literature an American accent

D. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow1. First American poet2. Touched on patriotic themes – “Paul Revere’s Ride”