1. M Sian Nationhood

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    MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM

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    1.0 MALAYSIAN

    NATIONHOOD

    INTRO

    Concept of race the categorization ofhumans into populations or ancestralgroups on the basis of various sets ofheritable characteristics (difference ofskin colour, physical attributes eg.

    facial featuresand hair texture) DNA structure of an individual as a fixed

    attribute that cannot be changed.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorization
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    Concept of ethnic - a group of peoplewho identify with one another, or are so

    identified by others, on the basis of aboundary that distinguishes them fromother groups. This boundary may take anyof a number of forms -- racial, cultural,linguistic, economic, religious, political --

    Another characteristic of ethnic groups iscontinuity in time, that is, a history and afuture as a people. This is achieved throughthe intergenerational transmission ofcommon language, institutions and

    traditions.

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    Concept of a nation a group ofpeople who share common history,

    culture, ethnic origin and language.

    Country is a land that belong to anation.

    State is a government of the nation andcountry.

    Nation states nation establish basedon ethnic and have the same tradition the people share the same history,culture and language and create an

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    NATION STATES

    Nation states nation establish based onethnic and have the same tradition thepeople share the same history, culture andlanguage and create an identity.

    Characteristics

    a) People have to be united - nodiscrimination due to race, religion,language, culture, value in society etc. -

    free to practise their religion

    b) A shared cultural heritage have to acceptthe culture and value left by oldgenerations in order to avoid breakupamong the members eg. National

    anthem, Jalur Gemilang, Pillars of theCountry (Rukun Negara) , Constitutional

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    c) Readiness of the people to share thesame political belief and ideology in

    order to achieve unity and success.d) Every members of society must have

    confidence in the government systemand the law of the state abide to therule.

    e) Every member of society is ready toaccept the shared values andaspirations to bring the formation ofnation as a priority over personalinterests and race.

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    Factors that influenced the state nations

    a) Integration all members of society have

    to adjust with different cultural and socialcharacteristics - national identity.

    - Accommodation respect cultures ofothers and defend yr own culture.

    - Assimilation combination of culture eg.Baba & nyonya

    - Amalgamation - consolidation of thevarious ethnic groups in biologically eg.Intermarriage.

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    b) Nationality inner characteristic ofsociety members must display national

    identity .

    c) Nationalism feeling of love and pride ofones country.

    d) Patriotism love or devotion for onescountry and willingness to sacrifice forit.

    e) Democracy Abraham Lincoln govrnmt of the people, by thepeople & for the people.

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    Factors that hinder nation state

    a)globalism a world w/out boundry

    b) Cultural diversity think locally, actglobally

    c) Pluralism population diversity

    economic & social imbalances eg 13Mei 1969 policies to avoid imbalanceseg. DEB, National EducationPolicy(DPK ), National CulturalPolicy(DKK).

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    d) Neo-feudalism - conservative politicalpower that does not accept new

    changes

    e) Liberalism oppression to certain groupsof society

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    Process

    - history of the country- Interest of the nation state is above

    the interest of races, political belief etc.

    - It take a long time to establish

    - VISION 2020

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    DVLPMNT OF SOCIETY

    Traditional Malay: Heritage &nation states

    Proto Malay also known as Melayu asli(aboriginal Malay) or Melayu purba(ancient Malay) are the mongoloids andaustronesian speakers from mainland

    Asia who moved to the Malay peninsularand Malay archipelago in a long seriesof migration between 2500 B.C and1500 B.C.

    Yunan cross Vietnam, Cambodia andThailand, indonesia, Philipines

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_peninsularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_peninsularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_peninsularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloids
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    Seafarers - knowledgeable inoceanographyand possessed

    agricultural skills

    Language Melayu-Polinesia

    Art. 160 Fed. Consti. - person professreligion of Islam, speaks Malay languageand conforms to Malay custom

    Politics

    2 groups govt. & people

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanography
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    Govt. royal family and pembesar

    Largest political unit state/country(city)

    Feudal system Raja has absolutepower and authority descendent ofGod - Influence of Buddhism/Hinduism

    Influence of Islam Sultan is thevicegerent(khalifah) of God

    Concept of Daulat (sovereignty) for

    the interest of the people

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    Concept ofderhaka (rebel) people -Act of Sultan cannot be question -

    Sultans order has to be follow .

    Material elements adat istiadat,language-eg. santap, personalornaments &weapons , clothings and

    colour. Inheritance patrimonial

    District (daerah) govern by apembesar - do justice, collect revenue

    and carry out order of Sultan.

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    Pembesar is appointed by Sultan

    Sistem 4 Lipatan Bendahara (PM),Penghulu Bendahari (treasurer),Temenggung (Chief Police Officer) andLaksamana.

    Kampung(village) lead by Penghulu keep the peace & unity of thekampung appointed by Sultan.

    Rakyat independent people butsometime they have to follow the order

    of leader w/out their consent (sistem

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    Rakyat pribumi (indigenous people)(Melayu,Minangkabau, Jawa, Orng Aslietc.)and rakyat asing (foreigner)( Arab,

    India ,Cina, Parsi etc.) Slaves (hamba abdi) /concubine

    property of their master:

    Captured during war

    Captured by force eg.org asli

    Habshi slaves bought bypembesar

    Hamba hulur - criminal offenders whocan not afford to pay fines.

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    Hamba serah very poor and cannotafford for their own living

    Another type is hamba berhutang: -

    person that cannot pay their debt.

    Anak mas - those who became slavesthrough marriage with a woman slave.

    Hamba waris wife and children ofdebtor

    Hamba bayar slave given by hismaster to other person as a paymt ofdebt.

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    Custom(adat) and laws

    Adat a practise followed by people forages.

    Biar mati anak jangan mati adat.

    Laws are regulations accepted and

    applicable in a society eg. Adatperpatih, adat temenggung, HukumKanun Melaka, Undang-undang Lautmelaka etc.

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    Belief

    Animisme belief in ghosts, spirits these power can protect or destroythem eg worship the paddy spirit.

    Hindu & Buddha

    Islam traders from Arab Peninsula

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    Economic systems and internationaltrade

    Agriculture and trade (barter system).

    15th Century Mallaca become therichest seaport.

    Diplomatic relations with China ensurethe security of Mallaca; systematicadministration.