A. DefinitionsA. Definitions

Solution - Solution - homogeneous mixture

Solvent Solvent - present in greater amount

Solute Solute - substance being dissolved

A. DefinitionsA. Definitions

Solute Solute - KMnO4Solvent Solvent - H2O

B. SolvationB. Solvation

Solvation – Solvation – the process of dissolving

solute particles are separated and pulled into solution

Solid solute is surrounded by solvent particles

B. SolvationB. Solvation

StrongElectrolyte

Non-Electrolyte

solute exists asions only

- +

salt

- +

sugar

solute exists asmolecules

only

- +

acetic acid

WeakElectrolyte

solute exists asions and

molecules

B. SolvationB. Solvation

NONPOLAR

NONPOLAR

POLAR

POLAR

““Like Dissolves Like”Like Dissolves Like”““Like Dissolves Like”Like Dissolves Like”

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

SolubilitySolubility• maximum grams of solute that will

dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature

• g solute/100 g solvent• varies with temp• based on a saturated soln

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Saturated Solution – contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of Solvent.

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Unsaturated Solution – a solution that containsless solute than the maximum that can be

dissolved.

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

Supersaturated Solution – A solution consisting of more solute dissolved than the maximum solubility.

C. SolubilityC. Solubility

SATURATED SOLUTION

no more solute dissolves

UNSATURATED SOLUTIONmore solute dissolves

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION

becomes unstable, crystals form

concentration