A Comparative Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation:

Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti

Sujatha Hewageegana Menuka ArawwawalaAnurakumara TisseraSami Ariyawansa Induragare Dammaratana

1

Introduction

Objectives

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusion

2

Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna (Behet anguna)Both come under one botanical name -

Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f)

Family: Asclepiadaceae

• Both creepers are large twining shrubs, with long glabrous branches, Leaves thin, ovate

1. Bitter variety2. Sweet variety

Introduction

3

Wattakaka volubilis

Kiri anguna (Behet anguna)Tikta anguna

4

• Parts Used:• Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used

• Actions and common uses:

• Leaves are used for boils and abscesses as an application

• Roots and tender stalks are used for expectorant properties

in Ayurveda and traditional medicine

• Lactogenic

• Aphrodisiac

• Sweet variety –cooling and Tonic5

Jeewanti Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wight and Arn.

6

Family : Asclepiadaceae

A much - branched twining

shrub, branches numerous

and younger ones glabrous,

Leaves thin, ovate

• Parts Used:Both roots and leaves

Actions and common uses:

Both roots and leaves - Skin infections, wounds

Leaves - cough, as a respiratory stimulant,

Lactogenic

Aphrodisiac

Cooling and Tonic

L. reticulate

7

Research background : Ayurvedic texts contain lot of

simple and effective as well as both externally and

internally used medicinal preparations, containing

Jeewanti (L. reticulata)

Jeewanti is found in most parts of India, but it is not

available in Sri Lanka We had to find a most suitable substitute for Jeewanti

8

• According to literature survey and the

conversation with Senior Scientist in charge,

Haldummulla Research Gardens, we were

able to find morphologically, nearly similar

two plants (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna)

for Jeewanti

• In addition, they have similar practices for

disease conditions9

Comparison of the Two plants L. reticulate and W. volubilis

L. reticulate W. volubilis

Family Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae

Classical names Jivanti, Svarnajivanti, Tittajivanti

Hemajivanti, Sujivanti, Svarnajivantika

Morphology Many similarities Many similarities

Common uses Skin ailmentsRespiratory tract infectionsENT disordersLactogenicBurning sensationAntipyreticUse for poisoningAphrodisiacIncrease urination

Skin ailmentsRespiratory tract infectionsENT disordersLactogenicBurning sensationAntipyreticUse for poisoningAphrodisiacIncrease urination

10

Purpose of this study was to investigate the

possibility of using Tikta-anguna and Kiri-

anguna as substitutes for Jeewanti

11

Objectives To compare the phytochemical parameters of

W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

To compare the physicochemical parameters of W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

To compare the fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

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Materials and Methods

W. volubilis (both varieties) were collected from Colombo, Sri Lanka

Authentication was done by Scientist , Botany Division, BMARI, Navinna, Maharagama

Voucher specimen No : W 2561

L. reticulata was collected from Jamnagar, India

Authentication was done by Botanist, Vidyaratnam Foundation

(Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India,

according to the standards of Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in India

13

Plant materials

• Plant materials (leaves with tender stalk) were

shade dried and cut into small pieces

Then prepared the powder using the grinder

• Materials were kept in air tight containers until

used

14

Screening of Phytochemical compounds

Presence /Absence of

• Phenolic compounds

Flavanoids

Tannins

• Coumarins

• Alkaloids

• Saponins

• Steroid glycosides 15

• Determination of physicochemical

parameters

Physicochemical parameters were evaluated

according to WHO standards

16

Hot Water Extract (HWE)

Hot Ethanol Extract (HEE)

Cold Water Extract (CWE)

Cold Ethanol Extract (CEE)

% Extractable mater = Weight of extract x 100 Weight of sample

17

Extractable matter in

Ash Content :

1. % Total ash = Ash Weight x 100

Weight of sample

2. % Acid-insoluble ash = Acid insoluble Ash Weight x 100 Weight of sample

3. % Water-soluble ash =

Total Ash Weight - water insoluble residue in total ash x 100 Weight of sample

18

TLC fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis and L. reticulata

• Extract - methanol extract

• Plant material - 4.0 g

• Extracts were spotted on a silica gel plate and TLC

fingerprints were developed using

Dichloromethane: Ethyl acetate: Cyclohexane

(40:1:10 v/v/v)

• Vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent was used for colour

development 19

Statistical analysis

• Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney

test and findings of p<0.05 was considered to

indicate statistical significance

• All data were presented as mean ± SEM

• All the values were express as dry weight of

the sample and they were performed in

triplicate for accuracy20

Table 1 : Phytochemical classes of W. volubilis varities and L. reticulata

Phytochemical

Classes

Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes

Tikta-anguna Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) Jeewanti(HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE) (HWE) (HEE) (CWE) (CEE)

Phenolic

compounds

Saponins - - - - - -

Flavanoids - - - - - - - - - -

Steroid glycosides

Tannins

Coumarin - - - -

Alkaloids - - - - - - - - -21

Results

22

• Screening of phytochemical compounds of

(a) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds,

tannins, and steroids

(b) cold and hot water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata revealed the presence of saponins

(c) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of L. reticulata and hot extracts of W. volubilis revealed the presence of coumarin

(d) In addition, hot water extract of W. volubilis contained flavanoids

Physico-chemical

parameters

W. Volubilis (%) - (Dry wt basis) L. Reticulata (%)

(Dry wt basis)

(Jeewanti)

Tikta anguna Kiri anguna

(Behet anguna)

Hot water extractable matter 37.37± 0.56 31.67 ± 0.33 31.54 ± 0.46

Hot ethanol extractable matter 19.62± 0.10 3.36 ± 0.05 13.19 ±0.42*

Cold water extractable matter 7.99± 0.04 7.01± 0.28 5.99 ± 0.49

Cold ethanol extractable matter 1.55± 0.02 1.37 ± 0.05 6.34± 0.13*

Total ash content 11.80± 0.07 16.46± 0.11 16.63 ± 0.30*

Acid-insoluble ash Content 0.91± 0.02 0.81± 0.01 2.30 ± 0.02*

Water-soluble ash Content 5.76± 0.21 6.11 ± 0.06 6.13 ± 0.03

Table 2: Physicochemical parameters of Wattakaka volubilis and Leptadenia reticulata

23

Following three physicochemical parameters of Jeewanti

were significantly different from that of Tikta-anguna and

Kiri-anguna

1. Hot and Cold Ethanol Extractable matter

2. Total ash Content

3. Acid-insoluble ash Content

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1. L. reticulata (Jeewanti )

2. W. volubilis (Kiri-anguna)

3. W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna)

1 2 3 2µL 2µL 2µL

1 2 3 2µL 2µL 2µL

Wave length – at 254 nm After spraying Vanillin -sulphuric acid

3. TLC fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti

25

Red – Tikta anguna (W. volubilis)Blue – Kiri anguna (W. volubilis)Green – Jeewanti (L. reticulata)

TLC- densitogram fingerprint of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti,

at 254 nm

26

According to TLC fingerprints of

Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and

Jeewanti, similar compounds

were identified in three samples

27

According to the results of this study,

phytochemical parameters, physicochemical

parameters and fingerprint profiles of Tikta-

anguna and Kiri-anguna have very similar

properties and they are similar to Jeewanti

also 28

conclusions

• As this study reveals, Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti

have more similarities in terms of phytochemical parameters,

physicochemical parameters and fingerprint profiles

• Therefore, both Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna can be used as

substitutes for Jeewanti in ayurvedic preparations

29

According to traditional medicine, Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) is

commonly used for medicinal preparations

Further, Kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) can be considered as the

“sweet variety” of W. volubilis and it has similar properties such

as GUNA (Quality), RASA (Taste), VIPAK (Metabolism), VIRYA

(Potency), PRABHAV (Impact) to Jeewanti

• After considering all, we can conclude that kiri-anguna (behet-

anguna) is much better to use as a substitute for Jeewanti

30

References• Parangepe, P., Indian medicinal Plants, 2005, Chaukhamba Sanskrit

Pratishthan, Delhi.pp 116-117

• Jayaweera, D.M.A., Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in

Ceylon, 2006, The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 225

• Kirtikar, K. R., Basu, B. D., Indian Medicinal Plants- volume III, 1996,Valley

offset printers and publishers, Dehra Dun, pp 2267-2268

• Senaratna, L. K., A Check List of Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka, 2001, The

National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 46

• Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., Dennis, T.J., Database on Medicinal plants used

in Ayurveda, 2002, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha,

New Delhi. Pp 270-272 31

Acknowledgement

• Mr Piyal Marasingha – Senior scientist , Dept of Ayurveda

• Dr. Sudeesh Kumar and the Vidyaratnam Foundation (Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India

• Industrial Technology Institute

• National Centre for Advanced Studies for Humanities and Social Sciences (NCAS)

32

33

» Jeewanti Tikta-angunaKiri-anguna (Bitter verity)

(Sweet verity)

• Rasa Madhura Katu, Tikta Madhura• Guna Laghu, Snigdha Ruksha, Laghu Laghu, ……• Veerya sheeta Ushna Sheeta• Vipaka Madhura Katu Madhura• Prabhawa Jivniya