A Closer Look at A Closer Look at SolutionsSolutions

Review of SolutionsReview of Solutions

A mixture made of two or more pure A mixture made of two or more pure substancessubstances

Also called a Also called a HOMOGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS MIXTUREMIXTURE

Particles slip in between each other Particles slip in between each other in an even distribution through the in an even distribution through the entire mixtureentire mixture

Examples?Examples?

How are solutions formed?How are solutions formed?

Solutions are formed by dissolving Solutions are formed by dissolving one material in another materialone material in another material

What makes something dissolve?What makes something dissolve? Watch the following short movie clip Watch the following short movie clip

about salt and water to get a better about salt and water to get a better understandingunderstanding

MOVIE IS FOUND AT THE FOLLOWING SITE: MOVIE IS FOUND AT THE FOLLOWING SITE: http://chemistry.beloit.edu/Water/moviepages/Comp3salt.htmhttp://chemistry.beloit.edu/Water/moviepages/Comp3salt.htm

http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/thermochem/solutionSalt.htmlflashfiles/thermochem/solutionSalt.html

What did the movie show us?What did the movie show us?

Water particles will attract a salt particle Water particles will attract a salt particle more strongly than other salt particles can more strongly than other salt particles can attract a salt particleattract a salt particle

Water particle will pull the salt away from Water particle will pull the salt away from the other salt particlesthe other salt particles

Motion of water particles carries salt awayMotion of water particles carries salt away Allows more water in to dissolve more saltAllows more water in to dissolve more salt Eventually the salt and water particles will Eventually the salt and water particles will

mix evenly in the solutionmix evenly in the solution

Some DefinitionsSome DefinitionsTerminology to use when Terminology to use when talking about solutionstalking about solutions

SoluteSolute

The substance in a solution that The substance in a solution that dissolves in a solventdissolves in a solvent

Example – Salt dissolves in water and Example – Salt dissolves in water and therefore is called a therefore is called a SOLUTESOLUTE

Other examples?Other examples?

SolventSolvent

The substance in a solution that does The substance in a solution that does the dissolving of a solutethe dissolving of a solute

Example – water dissolves the salt in Example – water dissolves the salt in a solution of salt water and therefore a solution of salt water and therefore is called the is called the SOLVENTSOLVENT

Other examples?Other examples?

The Importance of WaterThe Importance of Water

Water is known as the “Water is known as the “Universal Solvent”Universal Solvent”– Called this because it can dissolve many thingsCalled this because it can dissolve many things– Water in your blood carries food molecules, vitamins and Water in your blood carries food molecules, vitamins and

mineral to your cellsmineral to your cells– Plants need water to deliver nutrients and remove Plants need water to deliver nutrients and remove

wasteswastes

SolubleSoluble

The ability of a substance to be dissolved The ability of a substance to be dissolved in another substancein another substance– Examples:Examples:

Salt water – salt is Salt water – salt is solublesoluble in water in water Humid air – water vapour is Humid air – water vapour is solublesoluble in air in air Vinegar – acetic acid is Vinegar – acetic acid is solublesoluble in water in water

InsolubleInsoluble – the inability of a substance to – the inability of a substance to be dissolved in another substancebe dissolved in another substance– Examples:Examples:

Oil and Water – oil in Oil and Water – oil in insolubleinsoluble in water in water

ConcentrationConcentration

Tells you the amount of solute Tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of dissolved in a specific amount of solventsolvent

ExamplesExamples– 50 grams of salt dissolved in 100 mL of 50 grams of salt dissolved in 100 mL of

water water concentration = 50 g/100 mLconcentration = 50 g/100 mL

– 6 grams of sugar dissolved in 10 mL of 6 grams of sugar dissolved in 10 mL of waterwaterConcentration = 60 g/100 mLConcentration = 60 g/100 mL

Concentration ContinuedConcentration Continued

To compare the concentrations of two To compare the concentrations of two solutions, you need to know the amount of solutions, you need to know the amount of solute in the same volume of solvent for solute in the same volume of solvent for each solutioneach solution

For our above two examples, we needed For our above two examples, we needed to change the sugar into an amount /100 to change the sugar into an amount /100 mL to compare the concentrationsmL to compare the concentrations

The sugar water is more concentrated The sugar water is more concentrated than is the salt water in the examplesthan is the salt water in the examples– 60 grams/100 mL vs. 50 grams/100 mL60 grams/100 mL vs. 50 grams/100 mL

Almost there…Two More Almost there…Two More DefinitionsDefinitions

Concentrated Concentrated SolutionsSolutions– Large amount of Large amount of

solute in the solventsolute in the solvent– Example – Can of Example – Can of

concentrated concentrated Orange JuiceOrange Juice

Dilute SolutionsDilute Solutions– Small amount of Small amount of

solute in the solventsolute in the solvent– Example – Jug of Example – Jug of

Orange Juice made Orange Juice made from the can of from the can of concentrated concentrated Orange JuiceOrange Juice

Concentrated vs. Dilute SolutionsConcentrated vs. Dilute Solutions

Now, you will do a little bit of Now, you will do a little bit of exploration of solutions and exploration of solutions and concentration on your own involving concentration on your own involving some grape drink and your text booksome grape drink and your text book

WON’T THAT BE A FUN EXPERIENCE?WON’T THAT BE A FUN EXPERIENCE?