A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: PWFA-LC From Higgs Factory to Multi- TeV

A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider:PWFA-LC

From Higgs Factory to Multi-TeVJ.P Delahaye / SLAC

On behalf of the E200 CollaborationE.Adli, M.J. Hogan, S. Corde, R.J. England, J. Frederico, S.J. Gessner, S. Li, M.D. Litos,

T.Raubenheimer, Z. Wu, (SLAC, Stanford, USA), C. Joshi, W. An, C.E. Clayton, K.A. Marsh, W. Mori, N. Vafaei-Najafabadi

(UCLA, Los Angeles, USA), W. Lu (Tsinghua Univ. of Beijing, China and UCLA)

P. Muggli (MPI, Munich, Germany)

Thanks for slides from M.Hogan, E.Adli, S.Gessner

2

Multi-TeV Linear Colliders challenges

Luminosity

Energy reach

e+ e-

source main linacbeam delivery

Limitation by practicalities:Wall plug power: mitigation power to beam transfer efficiency

Wall plug power <300MW @ 3TeV, L0.01 = 2.1034 20 MW/beam

Cost : mitigation by high accelerating gradientTotal extension < 10km @ 3TeV Each linac < 2.5 km

Wall plug to beamefficiency > 13%

Effective AcceleratingGradient ~ 1 GV/m

J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

CLIC CDR A CLIC CDR B ILC TDR Asian

[MW

]

CFSIRBDS & dumpsMain linacsCryogenicsDrive beamBeam transportDamping ringsSources

Linear Colliders (CLIC and ILC) at 500 GeVc.m.Power Cost

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

CLIC CDR A CLIC CDR B ILC TDR

[MCH

F 20

10]

Common systemsCFSBDSMain linacsCryogenicsDrive beam/HLRFBeam transportDamping ringsSources

1 CHF = 1.07 ILCU

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Pow

er [M

W]

Center-of-mass energy [TeV]

CLIC CDR ACLIC CDR BILC TDR

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Valu

e [M

CHF]

Center-of-mass energy [TeV]

CLIC A

CLIC B

ILC 31.5 MV/m

ILC 31.5/45 MV/m

1 CHF = 1.07 ILCU


4

Acc. structures Accelerating field Acceleration efficiencyLimit

(MV/m)By Comment Wall-Plug to

RF or drive (%)RF or drive to beam (%)

Total(%)

Super-Conducting ILC 30-40 Magnetic field

Dyn. lossesCryogenics prop G2

4545

(pulsed+ Cryo)

20

NormalConducting

CLIC Two beam

100 RF break-downs

Peak RF Power ~ E2

40 30 12

Dielectric

Laser driven

1000 RF break-downs

10 50 5

Beam driven

? 50 ?

Plasma

Laser driven

10000

Laser 10 50 5

Beam driven

Drive beam 40 50 20

Gradient and efficiency in Linear Colliders

Beam-driven PlasmaWake-Field Accelerator

(PWFA)


5

Plasma Acceleration(Beam-driven or Laser-driven)

Drive bunch

Witness bunch

Laser pulse or

Extremely strong focusing:Bf =2pehpr

Excellent power transfer efficiency:hdrive to plasma ~ 76%, hplasma to main ~ 66%

>10GV/m

> MT/m

hdrive to main > 50% J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

6J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

8

FACET facility at SLAC

Simulation of 25GeV PWFA stage


9

>10 GVm fields achieved in FACET at SLAC(First experimental run (April-June 2012)

By varying the imaging energy of the imaging quads we can focus onto the different energy particles. This confirms that the tails observed are actually deceleration and acceleration :

E. Adli @ IPAC'12

28 cm plasma cell with fractions of beam- decelerated (left) by up to 4 GeV.- accelerated (right) by up to 5 GeV,

corresponding to a gradient > 10 GV/m.


13

Design of an optimumPlasma cell QuickPIC simulation(IDRE/UCLA)

hdrive to plasma ~ 76%, hplasma to main ~ 66%hdrive to main > 50%


14

Witness bunch evolution

(up to granularity of simulation)


15

Novel concept of a beam driven PWFA Linear Collider : A 2.5km HIGGS Factory (250m acceleration)


16

Beam parameters and luminosity similar to ILC but in a single bunch operation mode with flexible time interval• CW mode at high repetition frequency and large interval/bunches:

• 12.5kHz repetition frequency (80ms) • One main bunch accelerated by one drive bunch per stage (25 GeV)• Drive beam accelerated to 25 GeV by 2*3.6 SC CW recirculating linac (a la CEBAF)

• excellent efficiency (40%) and reasonable cryogenics (16MW) • Reduced dimensions due to high plasma acceleration gradients:

• 7.6 GV/m with 13% filling factor thus effective accelerating field of 1 GV/m• Excellent efficiency

• Beam acceleration: 20%• Overall wall-plug to beam: 9%@ 250GeV to 15%@ 3TeV

• Upgradable over large energy range from HIGGS factory to 3 TeVJ.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

17

Lepton colliders main parameters HIGGS factoryParameter Unit ILC CLIC PWFA Muon Collider

Energy (cm) GeV 250 250 250 126

Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.75 1.37 1.60 0.01

Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.65 1.19 0.94 0.01

Yearly HIGGS (/IP) 1000 23 34 30 50

# IP - 1 1 1 1

Length or circumference km 21 13.2 2.5 0.3

Power (wall plug) MW 128 235 133 200

Polarisation (e+/e-) % 80/30 80/0 ?/? 15/15

Accel. gradient(peak/effect) MV/m 31.5/25? 40/30? 7600/1000 -

# particles/bunch 1010 2 0.34 1 500

# bunches/pulse - 1312 842 1 1

Bunch interval ns 554 0.5 33333 -

Average/peak current nA/A 21/0.006 22.9/1.09 48.6/4.9 10-8 -

Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 50 30000 15

Beam power/beam MW 2.63 2.87 6.08 0.15

Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 0.66/25 10/35 200/200000

Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 729/7.7/300 150/3.2/72 671/3.8/20 1,2.105/1,2.105/4.104

Crossing angle mrad 14 18.6 14 0

Av # photons - 1.17 0.7 0.57 ?

db beam-beam % 0.95 1.5 2.75 ?

Upsilon - 0.02 0.05 0.084 ?J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

18

PWFA main parametersEnergy (cm) GeV 250 500 1000 3000

Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 1.60 2.1 3.1 6.3

Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.94 1.1 1.6 2.5

Length (overall facility) km 2.5 3.0 4.5 8.0

Power (wall plug) MW 133 150 185 270

Lin. Acc. grad. (peak/eff) GV/m 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0

# particles/bunch 1010 1 1 1 1

# bunches/pulse - 1 1 1 1

Bunch interval ns - - - -

Average/peak current mA/A 48.6 32 24 16

Pulse repetition rate Hz 30000 20000 15000 10000

Beam power/beam MW 6.08 8.0 12 24

Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 10/35 10/35 10/35

Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 671/3.8/20 470/2.7/20 340/1.9/20 190/1.1/20

Crossing angle mrad 14 14 14 14

Av # photons - 0.57 0.73 0.88 1.05

db beam-beam % 2.75 7 13 23

Upsilon - 0.084 0.24 0.68 3.5


19

Luminosity

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000.00E+00

1.00E+34

2.00E+34

3.00E+34

4.00E+34

5.00E+34

6.00E+34

7.00E+34

Total luminosity Luminosity 1%Epeak

20

Drive beam , wall plug power and efficiencyUnit 250GeV 500GeV 1 TeV 3 TeV

Drive to main power eff % 50 50 50 50

Charge per drive bunch 1010 2 2 2 2

Drive bunch rep frequency kHz 300 400 600 1200

Drive beam energy GV 25 25 25 25

Drive beam power per beam MW 12 16 24 48

Drive linac intensity mA 3.5 5.2 5.8 15.5

Drive linac accel (4 recirculation) GV 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5

Cryogenic power MW 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7

RF power for drive acceleration MW 26.5 36 55 120

Wall plug power for drive accel MW 61 77 109 232

Total wall plug power MW 133 150 185 318

Drive beam acceleration efficiency % 40 42 44 42

Main beam acceleration efficiency % 19.9 21 22 21

Wall plug to main beam efficiency % 9.1 10.8 13.1 15

Figure of merit: Lum/power 1031/MW 7.1 7.6 8.5 8.0J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

21

Efficiency versus accelerating gradient

Circular ILC Klystrons CLIC MuonsSC-RF NC-RF TwoBeams Beam Laser

Overall efficiency 30 6.5 5 4.8 15 3 10Acceleration efficiency 45 10 8.5 8 21 5 20RF to beam transfer efficiency 95 45 30 27 66 66 45Drive to RF transfer efficiency 42 76 76Drive generation efficiency 70 44 10

Plasma driven

55 45 4538

1 10 100 1000 100000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Muons collider

Plasma laser driven

Plasma beam driven

CLIC Two beams

NCRF Klystrons

ILC SCRF

Circular col-liders

Effective gradient (MV/m)

Wall plug to beam efficiency (

%)

22

Wall plug


0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

PFWA wall plug power

Total Injectors, BDS etcDrive beam acceleration cryogenic power

Beam collision energy (GeV)

MW

23

Pulsed mode


Drive linacfeasibility?

Similar bunch structure and beam parameters as the ILC

24

An alternative ILC upgrade by PWFAfrom 250GeV to 1 TeV and beyond?


ILC TeVupgradeOne possible scenario could be:

1) Build & operate the ILC as presently proposed up to 250 GeV (125 GeV/beam): total extension 21km 2) Develop the PFWA technology in the meantime (up to 2025?) 3) When ILC upgrade requested by Physics (say up to 1 TeV), decide for ILC or PWFA technology:4) Do not extend the ILC tunnel but remove latest 400m of ILC linac (beam energy reduced by 8 GeV)5) Install a bunch length compressor and 16 plasma cells in latest part of each linac in the same tunnel for a 375+8 GeV PWFA beam acceleration (382m)6) Reuse the return loop of the ILC main beam as return loop of the PWFA drive beam

400m

25

ILC upgrade from 250 GeV to 1 TeV by PWFA Parameter Unit ILC ILC ILC (to 250GeV) + PWFA

Energy (cm) GeV 250 1000 PFWA = 250 to 1000

Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.75 4.9 4.9

Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.65 2.2 2.2

# IP - 1 1 1

Length km 21 52 21

Power (wall plug) MW 128 300 128+135*1.2=290?

Polarisation (e+/e-) % 80/30 80/30 80/30

Lin. Acc. grad. (peak/eff) MV/m 31.5/25 36/30 7600/1000

# particles/bunch 1010 2 1.74 1.74

# bunches/pulse - 1312 2450 2450

Bunch interval ns 554 366 366

Average/peak current nA/mA 21/6 22.9/7.6 22.9/7.6

Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 4 5

Beam power/beam MW 2.63 13.8 13.8

Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 10/30 10/30

Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 729/6.7/300 335/2.7/225 485/2.7/20

Crossing angle mrad 14 14 14

Av # photons - 1.17 2.0 1.0

db beam-beam % 0.95 10.5 16

Upsilon - 0.02 0.09 0.8J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

26

• Witness bunch acceleration by separate drive bunch• Beam loading scenarios with low momentum spread• Emittance preservation during acceleration• Drive to main beam power transfer efficiency • Multi-stage acceleration• Alignment tolerances and instabilities (hose, head

erosion)• Positron acceleration• Plasma recovery between pulse and heat deposition• Multi-MW Super-conducting linac for drive beam

generation and limitation by stored energy (specially in pulsed mode)

Issues and challenges to be addressed by specific R&D


27

++++ +++

++

++++ +++

++

++

+++++ + - - ----- -- ---

- -

Accelerating and Defocusing Field for Positrons

Electron Drive BunchPositron Witness Bunch

Decelerating and FocusingField for Electrons

Positive Ion Background

Challenges for Positron Plasma Wakefield Acceleration


29

ConclusionsPWFA a very promising technology:

Very high accelerating fields: effective 1 GV/mExcellent power efficiency ( Wall-plug to beam 20%)

Great flexibility of time interval• CW or pulsed mode of operation• An alternative for ILC energy upgrade?

Many challenges still to be addressed;• Beam quality preservation, efficiency, positrons?• Ambitious test facilities: FACET and FACET2• Feasibility addressed early next decade?

Thanks to excellent and expert collaboration: E200 J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013

A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: PWFA-LC From Higgs Factory to Multi- TeV

Documents

Transcript of A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: PWFA-LC From Higgs Factory to Multi- TeV