9.19.1

Washington’s PresidencyWashington’s Presidency

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

11stst Presidential Election November 1788 Presidential Election November 1788Washington was inaugurated as Washington was inaugurated as

President on April 30, 1789.President on April 30, 1789. John Adams came in 2John Adams came in 2ndnd and was the 1 and was the 1stst

Vice President.Vice President.Every action Washington took as Every action Washington took as

President would set precedent for future President would set precedent for future Presidents and administrations to follow.Presidents and administrations to follow.

Chose the title of Mr. President.Chose the title of Mr. President.

Federal Judiciary Act of 1789Federal Judiciary Act of 1789

The Federal court systemThe Federal court systemThe details of the Supreme Court The details of the Supreme Court

A six member Supreme Court A six member Supreme Court 1 Chief Justice John Jay 5 associate 1 Chief Justice John Jay 5 associate

JusticesJusticesToday 9 JusticesToday 9 Justices

The law also provide for less powerful The law also provide for less powerful federal courts.federal courts.

Washington’s CabinetWashington’s Cabinet Congress has the power to Create the Departments that Congress has the power to Create the Departments that

became Washington’s cabinet.became Washington’s cabinet. Washington had the power to appoint people to head those Washington had the power to appoint people to head those

departmentsdepartments Purpose: To advise Washington (President) on Official Purpose: To advise Washington (President) on Official

matters.matters. State DepartmentState Department – Foreign Affairs – Thomas Jefferson – Foreign Affairs – Thomas Jefferson War DepartmentWar Department – National Defense (Today the – National Defense (Today the

Defense Department – Henry KnoxDefense Department – Henry Knox Treasury DepartmentTreasury Department – Finances Manages – Finances Manages

Government’s Money – Alexander HamiltonGovernment’s Money – Alexander Hamilton Attorney GeneralAttorney General – Eventually led to the creation of the – Eventually led to the creation of the

Justice Department – Edmond RandolphJustice Department – Edmond Randolph Today President has a White House Counsel (Attorney)Today President has a White House Counsel (Attorney)

Not an official part of the Cabinet: Postal Service became Not an official part of the Cabinet: Postal Service became part of the Cabinet in 1829 and later was dropped – 1part of the Cabinet in 1829 and later was dropped – 1stst Samuel OsgoodSamuel Osgood

Financial ProblemsFinancial Problems

The nation faced War debts to The nation faced War debts to foreign countries – France, Spain, foreign countries – France, Spain, The NetherlandsThe Netherlands

Debts to private citizensDebts to private citizensSoldiers had received bonds Soldiers had received bonds By 1789 it was more than $52 millionBy 1789 it was more than $52 million

Alexander Hamilton’s financial Alexander Hamilton’s financial (economic) policies?(economic) policies?

Hamilton believed in a strong central Hamilton believed in a strong central Government. He believed that it should Government. He believed that it should support manufacturing and Trade.support manufacturing and Trade.

Paying off all war debts. Paying off all war debts. Constitution says we have to Article 6 Section 1 Constitution says we have to Article 6 Section 1

Raising government revenues.Raising government revenues.Hamilton supported the use of TariffsHamilton supported the use of Tariffs

Creating a national bankCreating a national bankTo Loan Money and to keep the Countries To Loan Money and to keep the Countries

RevenueRevenue

Hamilton proposed that the federal Hamilton proposed that the federal government raise money throughgovernment raise money through

Tariffs, (taxes on imported goods)Tariffs, (taxes on imported goods) Tariffs serve two purposes;Tariffs serve two purposes;

Raising money for the government.Raising money for the government. Encouraging the growth of national businessEncouraging the growth of national business

These made goods made in the US more comparable These made goods made in the US more comparable in price making it more likely a person would buy US in price making it more likely a person would buy US merchandise merchandise

Hamilton also called for the creation of a national bank. Hamilton also called for the creation of a national bank. It would give the government a safe place to keep It would give the government a safe place to keep

money. money. It would also make loans to businesses and government. It would also make loans to businesses and government. It would issue bank notes (currency)It would issue bank notes (currency) No place in the Constitution called for a National Bank No place in the Constitution called for a National Bank

but the Elastic Clause was used to create it.but the Elastic Clause was used to create it.

Hamilton and Jefferson interpret Hamilton and Jefferson interpret the Constitution Differently the Constitution Differently

creatingcreating Political Parties or FactionsPolitical Parties or Factions

Hamilton – Federalists – Hamilton – Federalists – loose interpretation of the Constitution loose interpretation of the Constitution meaning more Federal Powersmeaning more Federal Powers

Jefferson – Democratic RepublicansJefferson – Democratic RepublicansStrict interpretation of the Constitution Strict interpretation of the Constitution Meaning The Federal Government has more Meaning The Federal Government has more

limited powerslimited powers