ElectricalElectricalsafetysafety29 CFR 1926Sub part KCurrent -- electrical movement (measured in amps)Circuit -- complete path of the current.Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater)Resistance -- restriction to electrical flow Conductors substances, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that allow electricity to flow Grounding a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measureInsulators -- substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry wood that prevent electricity from getting to unwanted areasElectricity How it WorksElectricity is the flow of energy from one place to anotherRequires a source of power: usually a generating stationA flow of electrons (current) travels through a conductorTravels in a closed circuitPrimary Hazards Electric shock Electric fire & explosion Electric flash Electric burnsCausing 1.Death 2. Jolt Temporary paralysisSecondary HazardsPerson falling from heightDropping of toolso!"ects#ealth ha$ards due to release of to%ic gasproduction of &' raysPsychological effectsEmotionally an%iousDistracted(ore prone to accidentsElectric Shock)t is suddenaccidental stimulation of the !ody*s nervous system !y electric current+ )t is the result of passage of electric current through the human !odyShock Severity,everity of the shoc- depends on:. Path of current through the !ody. Amount of current flowing through the !ody (amps). Duration of the shoc-ing current through the !ody/ 012 '10TA3E D1E, 41T (EA4 012 #A5ARDBody Resistance6ody areaResistance(ohms)Dry s-in 7/88/888 to9/88/8882et s-in 7888)nternal !ody #and foot:88 to 988Burns(ost common shoc-;related in"ury1ccurs when you touch electrical wiring or equipment that is improperly used or maintainedTypically occurs on hands'ery serious in"ury that needsimmediate attentionFallsElectric shock can also cause indirect injuriesWorkers in elevated locations who experience a shock may fall, resulting in serious injury or deathHow Shock Occurs7< 6y simultaneously touching the phase and neutral conductor thus completing the circuit through his !odyRYBNLOAD HAVING METALLIC BODYALERNATR!" By touchin# the $hase conductor and standin# on the #roundNELEC. EQPT.HAVING METALLIC BODYALTERNATORRYB!". 6y touching a metallic part that has !ecome live !y itself !eing in contact with an energised wireNELEC. EQPT.HAVING METALLIC BODYALTERNATORRYBShock Protection %ethods Isolation Current limitation ow voltage !ouble insulation Earthing&solationAll electrical equipment should !e All electrical equipment should !e isolated from accidental contactisolated from accidental contactapproach !y unauthorised men+approach !y unauthorised men+!y !y Providing !arrier Providing !arrier Panel !oards/ generators/ large Panel !oards/ generators/ large motors/ !atteries should !e motors/ !atteries should !e enclosedenclosed0owmedium voltage 1# lines 0owmedium voltage 1# lines should !e -ept =>8* a!ove the should !e -ept =>8* a!ove the groundgroundControl Isolate Electrical Parts"se guards or barriers #eplace coversuard live parts of electric e!uipment operating at "# volts or more against accidental contactHazard E'$osed Electrical Parts?over removed from wiring or !rea-er !o%Control Isolate Electrical Parts- Cabinets, Boxes & FittingsConductors going into them must be protected, and unused openings must be closed&solation Switches$he switches should be connected in phase only$he switches should be easy and free to operate%ody of the metallic switches should be earthedEvery !% should be provided with a switchIt is advisable to keep switch as near as possible to the work&placePNPOWER SO(R)E*ou+le &nsulation Another insulation added+ Dou!le insulated power tools have non; metallic !ody 4eed not !e earthed (two point plug is sufficient)#nsulationFunctionalFunctional ProtectiveProtective Hazard - Overhead Power ines"sually not insulatedExamples of e'uipment that can contact power lines(.Crane .adder.)caffold.%ackhoe.)cissors lift.#aised dump truck bedCheck in General for *eutral earthing +In case of ,&mer or !-. /rotective shed %ody earthling Earth pit for body earthing Earth resistance 0uses oose connection of cable 1ousekeeping 0ire extinguisher and typePLUG TOPS$AND TL%ETALL#C BDYPLUGTOPSSHOULDBEUSEDTOAOIDSHOC! DA"GERS#THREEPOI"TPLUGI"CASEOF$ETALLICBOD% HA"DTOOLSA"DT&OPOI"TPLUGI"CASEOF DOUBLE I"SULATED HA"D TOOLS#Earthin#Proper earthingD6*sEarthing for the D6*sFuses @uses are proven safety devices for overload conditions?hec- the fuses for their current ratings4ever replace fuse wire with ordinary copper or aluminium wire#igh ruptura!le cartridge fuses are now a days easily availa!le and has advantages over traditional fusesELCB ELCB (EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER)(EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER)@or porta!le power toolspowersupply is ta-en @or porta!le power toolspowersupply is ta-en through E0?6through E0?6,aves persons from electric shoc-,aves persons from electric shoc-)t opens the circuit when it senses lea-age )t opens the circuit when it senses lea-age current from earthcurrent from earth. .E,)BSWITCH BOXPOWERSUPPLYPerson in touch with faulty e!t" Ha#in$ elec" Char$es on it%s &o'y)auses of Electric -re )election of improper2substandard e'uipment and materials3 Electrical installation not in accordance with statutory regulations3 4verloading of e'uipment3 5aintenance negligence3 0ailure of insulation level3 !amage due to rodents, termites and pests3 ightning3 Water seepage3 )tatic electricity3%aintenance ne#li#ence$emporary electrical connection%ad switch contactsImproper substitution of electricale'uipment andmaterials6llowing e'uipment for regular usage after repairs without complete check&up*on&protection against mechanical damages.)a+le Routin#All electrical ca!les should !e run All electrical ca!les should !e run either overhead or undergroundeither overhead or underground?a!le routing layout map to !e ?a!le routing layout map to !e prepared so that it does not cause prepared so that it does not cause tripping ha$ardstripping ha$ards2elding and power ca!les not to 2elding and power ca!les not to !e overlapped!e overlapped)a+les ,ingle phase supplyPhase ; red4eutral ; !lac-Earth ; greenThree phase supply. Phases A #edA 7ellowA %lue. 4eutral ; !lac-PRO.E).&/0 )1B,ES FRO% *1%10ESA/rotection against mech3 !amagesA/rotection against heatACables should be laid away from welding cables)a+le 2ointsStaggered joints. Boints are not to !e overlapped. 1ne primary insulation and an overall secondary insulation is to !e done . Proper insulation tape are to !e usedCABLE 1CABLE 2!&'( !&'( !&'( !&'(Hazard !e"ective Cords & #iresPlastic or ru!!er covering is missingDamaged e%tension cords toolsHazard !a$aged Cords?ords can !e damaged !y:. Aging. Door or window edges. ,taples or fastenings. A!rasion from ad"acent materials. Activity in the area)mproper use can cause shoc-s/ !urns or firePer$issible %se o" Flexible CordsStationar' e(ui)*ent+to ,acilitate interc-angeDO "OT use ,le.i/le 0iring 0-ere ,re(uent ins)ection 0ould /e di,,icult or 0-ere da*age 0ould /e li1el'# Fle.i/le cords *ust not /e # # # run t-roug- -oles in 0alls2 ceilings2 or ,loors3 run t-roug- door0a's2 0indo0s2 or si*ilar o)enings 4unless )-'sicall' )rotected53 -idden in 0alls2 ceilings2 ,loors2 conduit or ot-er race0a's#0roundin#3rounding creates a low;resistance path from a tool to the earth to disperse unwanted current+

2hen a short or lightning occurs/ energy flows to the ground/ protecting you from electrical shoc-/ in"ury and death+Power .ool Re3uirements#ave a three;wire cord with ground plugged into a grounded receptacle/ or6e dou!le insulated/ or6e powered !y a low;voltage isolation transformerPreventing Electrical Hazards - &ools)nspect tools !efore use&se the right tool correctlyProtect your tools&se dou!le insulated toolsDou/le Insulated *ar1ing&e$'orar( ightsProtect from contact and damage/ and don*t suspend !y cords unless designed to do so+ oc)o*t and &agging o" Circ*itsApply loc-s to power source after de;energi$ingTag deactivated controlsTag de;energi$ed equipment and circuits at all points where they can !e energi$edTags must identify equipment or circuits !eing wor-ed onSafety4Related Work Practices To protect wor-ers from electrical shoc-:7+ &se !arriers and guards to prevent passage through areas of e%posed energi$ed equipment>+ Pre;plan wor-/ post ha$ard warnings and use protective measuresC+ Deep wor-ing spaces and wal-ways clear of cords+void #et Conditionso )f you touch a live wire or other electrical component while standing in even a small puddle of water you*ll get a shoc-+o Damaged insulation/ equipment/ or tools can e%pose you to live electrical parts+ o )mproperly grounded metal switch platesceiling lights are especially ha$ardous in wet conditions+ o 2et clothing/ high humidity/ and perspiration increase your chances of !eing electrocuted+ %an$ower Employ qualified electrician/ prefera!ly license holders)dentification of the electrician ; red helmetElectrical SafetyDisplay electrical equipmentca!le routing layoutAll electrical installation to !e testedcommissioned as per 6), codesAll D6*s should !e coveredEarthing of all electrical installationsRegular maintenanceDisplay caution !oardsProvide E0?6 for porta!le equipment>: ' hand lamp@ollow rules and regulations@ollow safety measures discussed+Adopt protective systemRegular inspection E,E).R&)1, S1FE.5&han),s