]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf · /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf ... 1 • •

1

dWod:t/dWod:t/dWod:t/dWod:t/LLLLo ;xhstf{sf nfluo ;xhstf{sf nfluo ;xhstf{sf nfluo ;xhstf{sf nflu

/]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

@)&@)&@)&@)&@@@@

g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn ;/sf/ jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnojg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnojg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnojg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno

/]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|/]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|/]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb|/]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb| ja/dxn, sf7df8f}+ja/dxn, sf7df8f}+ja/dxn, sf7df8f}+ja/dxn, sf7df8f}+

2

k[i7e"ldk[i7e"ldk[i7e"ldk[i7e"ld

ljut s]xL bzsb]lv hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ljifo cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o :t/sf ;fy} :yfgLo :t/df ;d]t rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . tLa| cfly{s / k|fljlws ljsf;sf] rfxgfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ /fi6«x¿ k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿sf] Jofks bf]xg / r/d cf}Bf]uLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v x'Fbf jfo'd08ndf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 nufot cGo xl/tu[x UofF;sf] dfqf lg/Gt/ Add j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k ;"o{af6 k[lYjdf cfPsf] tfknfO{ oxfFaf6 kms{g] qmddf aflSnb} uPsf] xl/tu[x UofF;sf] txn] /f]s]/ k[YjLlt/} kmls{Psfn] jfo'd08nsf] tfkqmd klg j[l4 ePsf] s'/f cWoogx¿af6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] g} hnjfo' kl/jt{g ePsf] eGg] j}1flgsx¿sf] ts{ 5 / o;af6 kg]{ gsf/fTds c;/ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf dfq geO{ :yfgLo txdf ;d]t dx;'; ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿n] jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{ sf nflu ul/g] sfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in

Developing Countries (REDD+) elgG5 . o:tf sfo{x? u/L pT;h{g s6f}lt u/]df ljslzt /fi6«x¿af6 ljsf;f]Gd"v d'n'sx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j¿k e'QmfgL k|fKt x'g]] cjwf/0ff klg /]8Kn;sf] d'Vo ljz]iftf elgG5 . s]xL jif{b]lv /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ffn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf rf;f] /fVg] JolQm, ;+3;+:yf / ;+oGq b]lv ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf jg ;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw /fVg] u|fdL0f ;d'bfo ;Ddsf] Wofg cfs[i6 ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . /]8Kn;sf] af/]df cGt/f{li6«o txdf cfjZos ljleGg lg0f{ox? eO;s]klg of] cjwf/0ffnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbgsf] nflu /fli6«o / :yfgLo txdf k/LIf0fsf nflu w]/} sfdx? ug{ afFsL 5 . /]8Kn;af/] ePsf ax; tyf clxn];Ddsf lg0f{o / k|fKt hfgsf/LnfO{ ;d]6\b} :yfgLo ;Gbe{df cf—cfˆgf cjwf/0ffnfO{ s;/L cl3 a9fpg] eGg] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf tof/L dWo] gLltut ;+/rgf tyf dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljsf; dxTjk"0f{ kIf dflgPsf 5g\ . g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ffaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] kmfObf / r'gf}ltx¿ dfly Wofg lbP/ /fli6«o txaf6} ljleGg kxnx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogaf6 ;du| ¿kdf g]kfnsf] jg If]qnfO{ / ljz]if u/L o;df cfl>t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ljleGg ;sf/fTds ;fy} k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] o;df ;+nUg ;a} JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ o;sf ljljw kIfx¿af/] hfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . :yfgLo txdf /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|i6\ofpg / jg tyf jftfj/0fLo If]qdf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;d'bfosf] ;du| ljsf;df kg{;Sg] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg k|efjaf/] 5nkmn rnfO /xg' klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . /]8Kn; ;DaGwL ;d;fdlos cj:yf af/] ;d'bfonfO{ a'em\g–a'emfpg ;xh x'g] ;fdu|Lx¿ g]kfnL efiffdf sd dfqfdf pknAw 5g\ / o; If]qdf sfd ug{sf nflu dfgj ;|f]tsf] klg sdL /x]sf]n] ck]lIft Ifdtf ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] :yfgLo tx ;Dd ;/n efiffdf /]8Kn;af/] a'em\g] / a'emfpg ;Sg] ;xhstf{x¿sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ / ;xhstf{x¿nfO{ /]8Kn;af/] tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ ljlw tyf ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'x¿df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p4]Zoaf6 k|]l/t /xL k|:t't tflnd k'l:tsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] k'l:tsf tof/ kfg]{ qmddf /fli6«o:t/df ;~rfng ul/Psf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf ;xefuLx¿ ;Fusf] cGt/lqmof tyf /fli6«o tyf lhNnf txsf ;xhstf{sf nflu /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf @)&) sf] l;sfO, cg'ej / xfn} kfFrj6} ljsf; If]qdf ag clws[t tyf /]~h/x?sf]

3

nflu ;~rfng ePsf] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf ;xefuLsf ck]Iff tyf ;'emfj ;d]tnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 .;fy}} /]8 tof/L k|:tfjgf (REDD Readiness Preparatation Proposal – RPP) agfpg] qmddf tof/ ePsf ljleGg k'l:tsf, ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;Fusf] cGt/lqmof / g]kfndf eP u/]sf /]8Kn; ;DaGwL cg'ej / l;sfO ;d]taf6 of] ;xof]uL k'l:tsf tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} RECOFTC / cGo ;+3 ;+:yfn] tof/ kf/]sf] /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf @)&) nfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L of] /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf @)&@ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnd tflnd tflnd tflnd ;xof]uL ;xof]uL ;xof]uL ;xof]uL k'l:tsfsf] nIo / k'l:tsfsf] nIo / k'l:tsfsf] nIo / k'l:tsfsf] nIo / clek|foclek|foclek|foclek|fo

nIo nIo nIo nIo dWod:t/Lo jg k|fljlws, ;xhstf{ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff (Concept), cGt/lglxt lj1fg (Science) / /fli6«o/cGt/fli6«o gLlt/k|lqmof (Policy

Mechanism/Process) a'Efm\g / a'emfpg ;Ifd agfpg] .

clek|foclek|foclek|foclek|fo • Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff (Concept), cGt/lglxt lj1fg (Science) /

/fli6«o/cGt/fli6«o gLlt/k|lqmof (Policy Mechanism) ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg]] .

• dWod:t/Lo ;xhstf{x¿nfO{ /]8Kn; tflnd ;xhLs/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t', ljlw tyf ;fdfu|Lx¿ k|bfg ug]{ .

• Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn; ;DaGwL tflnd lbg dWod :t/Lo ;xhstf{sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .

tflnd k'l:tsf k|of]ustf{ tflnd k'l:tsf k|of]ustf{ tflnd k'l:tsf k|of]ustf{ tflnd k'l:tsf k|of]ustf{ of] tflnd k'l:tsf hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf /]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] / oL hfgsf/Lx? ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;dIf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg /xg]] ;xhstf{x¿sf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . o; k'l:tsfn] vf; u/L jg If]qsf] ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog ug]{, dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghftL, blnt nufot :yfgLo jg ;d'bfosf xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f / /]8Kn; z'/Iff (REDD+ Safeguard) +sf ;/f]sf/L ;xhstf{x?nfO{ nlIft u/]sf] 5 . o;sf k|of]ustf{x¿ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/e"t lj1fg (Basic Science of Climate Change), /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff (Basic REDD+ Concept) / /]8Kn;df hLljsf]kfh{g / ;fdflhs ;jfnx? (Livelihood and Social Issues) nufot l;sfO k|lqmof (Training Learning Procedure) cGtu{t ;xefuL s]lGb|t l;sfO k4lt, jo:s l;sfO l;4fGt / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkgdf hfgsf/ tyf cg'ejL /x]sf x'g]5g eGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf lgdf{0f cfkm}Fdf ultzLn k|lqmof ePsfn] o;nfO{ tflnd ;~rfngsf qmddf ePsf l;sfO ;Fu ;Fu} kl/dfh{g ub}{ n}hfg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

o; k'l:tsfo; k'l:tsfo; k'l:tsfo; k'l:tsfsfsfsfsf] ] ] ] ;+/rgf ;+/rgf ;+/rgf ;+/rgf of] tflnd k'l:tsfdf d'VotM hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff jg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g aLrsf] ;DaGw, /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf ;Gb{edf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;jfn tyf sfof{Gjog 9fFFrf h:tf ljifox¿nfO{ ;/n ¿kdf :ki6 agfpg] hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ ;fwf/0faf6 ljlzi6 (More General to Specific) lt/ n}hfg] l;2fGt cg"?k

4

lgDgfg';f/sf $ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} of] k'l:tsfdf ;xhstf{nfO{ tflnd tyf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk / ljifo ;DaGwL hfgsf/L klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

• efu–-!_: hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;, • efu–-@_: /]8Kn; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf ljlw / ;jfnx?,

• efu–-#_: nfef+z afF8kmFf8;DaGwL hfgsf/L, /

• efu–-$_: ;xhstf{nfO{ tflnd tyf uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk ljifoj:t'sf] uxgtf / gofFkg, ;xefuLx¿sf] a'emfOsf] :t/ tyf rfv / :yfgLo kl/j]z cg'¿k tflnd ljlw 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg] ePtfklg ljutsf tflndsf] cg'ej, jo:s l;sfOsf l;4fGtsf] cfwf/ / ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[ltnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;q ;~rfng ljlwx¿ k|:tfj ul/Psf 5g\ . ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLsf] :t/, ;do tyf pknAw ;fdu|LnfO{ Vofn u/L k|:tfljt ljlwnfO{ kl/dfh{g ub}{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 ;q ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g .

Tfflnd k'l:tsfsf] k|of]u ug]{ Tfflnd k'l:tsfsf] k|of]u ug]{ Tfflnd k'l:tsfsf] k|of]u ug]{ Tfflnd k'l:tsfsf] k|of]u ug]{ ljlwljlwljlwljlw tflnd k'l:tsfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ;xhstf{sf nflu ljifoj:t' s]lGb|t k|:t'tLs/0f ;/n / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] . To;}n] ;s] ;Dd ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;/n tj/af6 k|of]u ug{ ;lsof]; eg]/ k'l:tsfnfO{ ljljw v08df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . k|of]ustf{n] ;j{k|yd o;df plNnlvt ljifo / ;do tflnsf cg';f/ ljifoj:t'n] ;d]6\g' kg]{ s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg' k5{ . ;q ;~rfng ;xof]uL k'l:tsfdf ePsf p2]Zo, ;do, ljlw, ;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿ / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ dfu{bz{gsf] ?kdf lnO{ yk cWoog ;d]t ug'{k5{ . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lbg'kg]{ ;Gb]z lglZrt ;do leq k|efjsf/L 9ª\uaf6 lbgsf nflu cfkm"n] ;q cg';f/sf] kf7 of]hgf tyf k|:t'ltsfnflu ;fdfu|L tof/ ug'{ k5{ . dfly pNn]lvt ljlw cg';f/ ;do / ljifoj:t'nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL 5'§f—5'§} tflnd / uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . k'l:tsfdf n]lvP cg';f/sf 36gf cWoog, v]n tyf cGo cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|of]u s;/L ug]{ egL klxNo} lglZrt ug{'k5{ .

ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cBfjlws ug]{ ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cBfjlws ug]{ ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cBfjlws ug]{ ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cBfjlws ug]{ ljlwljlwljlwljlw /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff cfkm}Fdf Pp6f ultzLn k|lqmof xf] eGg] s'/fdf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;xdt /x]sf 5g . o;sf] sfof{Gjogn] cfufdL lbgdf s:tf] ¿k lnG5 eGg] s'/f cfufdL lbgdf /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjgaf6 k|fKt ul/]g] glthfdf lge{/ ug]{5 . o; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf ljifoj:t'x¿ clxn];Dd k|fKt hfgsf/L / l;sfO{df cfwfl/t /x]sf 5g . To;}n] tflnd ;~rfng ubf{{ ;xhstf{x¿n] tfhf hfgsf/Lx¿ lnP/ dfq ;q ;~rfngdf hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf lglDt k|To]s ;xhstf{n] cfkm"nfO{ cBfjlws agfO{ /fVg cfjZos 5, h;sf nflu kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn; ;DaGwL kl5Nnf ;dfrf/x¿, cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf 5nkmn tyf lgisif{x¿ / /fli6«o txdf tof/ kfl/Fb} uPsf gLlt, /0fgLlt / dfkb08x¿ af/] klg hfgsf/L lng' pkof]uL x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf ;DalGwt j]a ;fO6x¿ Dffkm{t cfjZos hfgsf/Lx¿ cBfjlws x'g ;lsG5 .

5

laifo ;"rL

lqmofsnfk ! M kl/rofTds ;q ................................................................... 1

efu ! efu ! efu ! efu ! hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn; .......................................................... 6666

;q ! M hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg .................................................................. 7

;q @ M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw ............................................. 12

;q # M /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd ........................................................ 17

;q $ M /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx? .............................................. 23

efu @efu @efu @efu @ g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn; ..................................................................... 28282828

;q ! M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L ................................. 29

;q @ / # M g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLx? ........................ 33

;q $ M g]kfndf /]8sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx? ...................................... 42

;q % / ^ M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf÷kIf ........................... 46

;q & M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ................................................... 51

;q * M /]8Kn;df ;'/Iff l;2fGt (Safeguards) .............................................. 53

efu #efu #efu #efu # jg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8jg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8jg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8jg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8 ............................................. 59595959

;q ! jg sfa{gsf ahf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0f ..................................................... 60

;q @ jg sfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;jfn ............................................ 66

;q $ M /]8Kn;sf ;xnfex? ................................................................. 75

efu $ M ;xhLs/0fefu $ M ;xhLs/0fefu $ M ;xhLs/0fefu $ M ;xhLs/0f ....................................................................... 82828282

;q ! M ;xhLs/0f ............................................................................... 83

;q @M ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿ ................................................................... 86

;q #, $, %, ^ / &M k|Zt'tLs/0f .............................................................. 89

tflndsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg / ;dfkg .........................................................91

1

lqmofsnfk ! M kl/rofTds ;qlqmofsnfk ! M kl/rofTds ;qlqmofsnfk ! M kl/rofTds ;qlqmofsnfk ! M kl/rofTds ;q

ljifoj:t' M tflnd z'ef/Deljifoj:t' M tflnd z'ef/Deljifoj:t' M tflnd z'ef/Deljifoj:t' M tflnd z'ef/De

kl/ro kl/ro kl/ro kl/ro Tfflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xefuLx¿n] l;Sg ;Sg] jftfj/0f agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . l;sfOsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ljleGg tTjx¿n] k|efj kfl//x]sf x'G5g . sltko tflndsf] ;'?cft cf}krfl/s x'g'k5{ eg] cGo cj:yfdf cgf}krfl/s ;'?cft g} pko'St x'G5 . To:t}, tflndnfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xefuL / ;xhstf{aLr cfk;L lrghfg tyf d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ cfjZos k5{ . tflndsf] cjlwnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{sf nflu tflnd Joj:yfkg klg ;xeflutfd"ns x'g' k5{ . log} s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} of] kl/rofTds ;qsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

p2]Zop2]Zop2]Zop2]Zo of] ;qsf] cGTodf,

• k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s z'?cft x'g]5 .

• ;xefuL / ;xhstf{x¿ Pscsf{sf] kl/ro lbg;Sg] x'g]5g\ . • cfˆgf] 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffsf] k/LIf0f kmf/d ;xefuLx¿n] g} eg{ ;Sg]5g\ . • ;xefuLx¿sf] ck]Iffcg';f/ ;qsf]] ;"rL tof/ x'g]5 . • tflnd ;~rfngsf] Joj:yfksLo :j¿k tof/ x'g]5 .

;do ;do ;do ;do ! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlw ljlw ljlw ljlw

• k|jrg

• 5nkmn

• k|Zgf]Q/

• k/LIf0f cEof;

2

;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk • cfof]hssf tkm{af6 ;xefuLx¿nfO{ :jfut ug'{xf]; .

• tflndsf] ljifoj:t', ldlt, :yfg, cfof]hs tyf ;~rfns pNn]v ub}{ tflnd z'ef/De ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf]; .

• ;xefuLx¿aLr kl/ro sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns / /f]rs agfpFb} ;xhstf{n] ljleGg ljlw -h:t}— hf]8L kl/ro, JolQmut kl/ro cflb_ dfkm{t lrghfg u/fpg'xf]; .

• tfnLd k"j{d"Nofª\sgsfnflu ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t j:t'ut k|Zg kq ;xefuLx¿nfO{ afF8L To;sf] pQ/ tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

• ;xefuLx¿sf ck]Iffx¿ d]6fsf8{df n]Vg nufpg'xf]; .

• pQm d]6fsf8{ ;ª\sng u/L ljleGg ljifodf juL{s[t ug{ ;xof]u ug'{xf]; . ck]Iff ul/Psf ljifoj:t'x¿dWo] o; tflnddf 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg] / g;lsg] ljifoj:t'sf af/]df ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|:6 kfg'{xf]; .

• ;xefuLx¿af6 JoQm ck]Iffx¿;Fu k|;ª\u hf]8L tflndsf] p2]Zo k|:6 kfg{'xf]; .

• ;fd"lxs 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 tflnd ;~rfngsf] Joj:yfksLo ¿k/]vf tof/ u/L Go'hlk|G6df n]v]/ 6fF:g'xf]; .

• k|To]s lbgsf] 5'§f—5'§} Joj:yfkg ;ldlt -;+of]hs, k|ltj]bs, d"Nofª\sgstf{_ tof/ kfg{'xf]; .

• tflndsf] d"No dfGotf tof/ ub}{] ;do tflnsfnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg'xf]; .

lgisif{ lgisif{ lgisif{ lgisif{ sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s z'?cftn] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ tflndsf] k[i7e"ld tyf p2]Zo :ki6 x'G5 . To:t}, kl/ro sfo{qmdn] ;xefuL–;xefuL / ;xefuL–;xhstf{x¿aLr Pscfk;df lrghfg u/fpF5 . o;n] tflnd cjlwdf v'nfkg a9fpF5 . tof/ ePsf] tflndsf] Joj:yfksLo ¿k/]vf tyf tflnd k|lqmofaf6 o; eGbf k5fl8sf ;qx¿ ;/n tyf k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;~rfng ug{ d2t ldNg]5 . ;xefuLx¿ tflndsf] p2]Zo / cfjZostfaf/] :ki6 x'g] ePsfn] tflnd cjlwdf jxfFx¿sf] l;sfO a9L k|efjsf/L x'g]5 .

3

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lu|Lu|Lu|Lx¿x¿x¿x¿

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L )=!M tflndsf ljifoj:t')=!M tflndsf ljifoj:t')=!M tflndsf ljifoj:t')=!M tflndsf ljifoj:t'

efu ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t' ;q kl/rofTds ;q tflnd z'ef/De tyf ;xefuL kl/ro / p2]Zo syg !

hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn; -klxnf] lbg_

!= hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg @= hnjfo" kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw #= /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd $= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx?

@

g]kfndf /]8Kn; -bf]>f] lbg_

!= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L @ / #= g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgf /

r"gf}tLx? $= g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx? % / ^= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf÷kIf &= g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? *= /]8Kn;df z'/Iff l;4fGt

#

jg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8 -t]>f] lbg_

!= jg sfa{gsf ahf/x?sf] ljZn]if0f @ / # jg sfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf ;jfn $= /]8Kn;sf ;xnfex?

$

;xhLs/0f -rf}yf] lbg_

!= ;xhLs/0f @= ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿ #=/ $ ;xhLs/0f cEof; tof/L

;xlhs/0f cEof; -kfFrf} lbg_

%,^ / &,;xlhs/0f cEof;

Tflnd ;dfkg Tflndsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg / ;dfkg

4

;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿ ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L )=@)=@)=@)=@ ;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft ;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw

n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6 jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06 ;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf adf]lhdadf]lhdadf]lhdadf]lhd lgDg tflnsf cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .lgDg tflnsf cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .lgDg tflnsf cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .lgDg tflnsf cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

/]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tflnlnlnlndddd Tfflndk"j{ Tfflndk"j{ Tfflndk"j{ Tfflndk"j{ k|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnLk|ZgfjnL

v08 sv08 sv08 sv08 sMMMM j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ ----7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df √ lrGxlrGxlrGxlrGx nufpg'nufpg'nufpg'nufpg'xf]; xf]; xf]; xf]; ._._._._ != jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x UofFF FF;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqm;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqm;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqm;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] 5 . d al9/x]sf] 5 . d al9/x]sf] 5 . d al9/x]sf] 5 .

s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 / a'em]sf] 5' t/ JofVof ug{ ;lSbg u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

@= @= @= @= xl/tu[xxl/tu[xxl/tu[xxl/tu[x UofUofUofUofFF FF;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g < s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 t/ gfddfq eGg ;S5' u= ;'g]sf] 5' t/ ofb ePg 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x UofFF FF; pT; pT; pT; pT;h{g;h{g;h{g;h{g tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 / a'em]sf] 5' t/ JofVof ug{ ;lSbg u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

$= $= $= $= jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}ljg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}ljg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}ljg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] t ug{, jgsf] lbuf] t ug{, jgsf] lbuf] t ug{, jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] sfo{x?nfO{ ;du|dfsfo{x?nfO{ ;du|dfsfo{x?nfO{ ;du|dfsfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; elgG/]8Kn; elgG/]8Kn; elgG/]8Kn; elgG5 eGg] af/] . 5 eGg] af/] . 5 eGg] af/] . 5 eGg] af/] .

s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln cln dfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= clxn];Dd ;'g]sf] 5}g .

%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] . s= a'em]sf] 5' / c¿nfO{ JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= clxn];Dd ;'g]sf] 5}g .

5

^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg ^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg ^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg ^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df .cj:yfsf af/]df .cj:yfsf af/]df .cj:yfsf af/]df . s= k'0f{ ?kdf hfgsf/ 5' / c?nfO{ klg a'emfpg ;S5' . v= cln cln hfgsf/ 5' . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' t/ hfgsf/ 5}g . 3= s]lx klg yfxf 5}g .

&= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5 ....

s= ;/sf/L sd{rf/L v= /fhg}lts g]tfx¿ u= jgpkef]Qmf ;d"x -;d'bfo cfkm}F_+ 3= dflysf ;a}

****= xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ = xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ = xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ = xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f .

s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g .

(= /]8Kn; ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? .(= /]8Kn; ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? .(= /]8Kn; ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? .(= /]8Kn; ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? . s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g .

!!!!))))= = = = g]kfndf g]kfndf g]kfndf g]kfndf /]8/]8/]8/]8Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df . s= k'0f{ ?kdf hfgsf/ 5' / c?nfO{ klg a'emfpg ;S5' . v=cln cln hfgsf/ 5' . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' t/ hfgsf/ 5}g . 3= s]lx klg yfxf 5}g .

v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿ != jg hËnaf6 sf7 bfp/f afx]s cGo ljljw jftfj/0fLo ;]jf k|fKt x'G5 . s]xL ;]jfx¿sf]

;"rL agfpg'xf]; . @= jg sfa{g pT;h{gsf ;|f]tx¿ s] s] x'g / jgsfa{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] ;"rL

agfpg'xf]; . #= /]8Kn;df cg'udg k|]if0f k|df0fLs/0f (MRV) eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < $= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0fx? s] s] x'g < %= g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjog / nfef+z ljt/0fsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ sf] sf] x'g ;S5g <

6

efu ! M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8Kn;

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro kl5Nnf b'O{ bzsdf ljZj ;d'bfosf] Wofg hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;af6 kg{ ;Sg] c;/x? tyf o;sf sf/s tTjx? tkm{ cfs[i6 ePsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf nflu e"ldsf v]Ng] ljleGg lqmofsnfk / To; ;DaGwL ljleGg tYox¿ af/] klg cWoog eO/x]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f dfgj hLjgdf kg{ ;Sg] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|efjx¿ af/] cWoog cg';Gwfg / 5nkmnn] Jofkstf kfO/x]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo sf/0f ljleGg :j¿kdf /x]sf] xl/tu[x UofF; jfo'd08ndf k|j]z ug'{nfO{ g} dflgPsf] 5 / o;f] x'g'df dfgj pkof]usf nflu ul/g] k|fs[[lts ;|f]tsf] cTolws bf]xg, k|b'if0f / jftfj/0f ljgfznfO{ dflgPsf] 5 . jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 sfa{g pT;h{g (Emossions) sd ug]{, zf]if0f (Sequestration) j[lå ug]{ / sfj{g ;l~rlt a9fpg] (Enhancement) h:tf sfo{ hnjfo' kl/j{tg Go"gLs/0fsf] ;a}eGbf lskmfotL / ;xh ;dfwfg xf] eGg] s'/fdf lj1x¿ ;xdt /x]sf 5g . cg';Gwfgx¿n] b]vfP cg';f/ jg If]q sfa{g ;l~rtL / e08f/0fsf] Ps k|d'v ;|f]t xf] . jg If]qn] cfˆgf] sfa{g ;l~rtL ug]{ Ifdtfdf clej[l4 u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5 . oxL cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L ljZj ;d'bfo /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; tkm{ pTk|]l/t ePsf] xf] . o;n] jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, jg sfa{gsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+l~rtLdf clej[l4 u/L jfo'd08ndf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqfnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp5 . of] ;q hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg tyf /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ffdf s]lGb|t /xg]5 .

clek|foclek|foclek|foclek|fo hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf/] cfwf/e"t 1fg k|bfg u/L /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff, ljsf;qmd / sfof{Gjog ;+/rgfaf/] k|i6 agfpg]

;qx¿;qx¿;qx¿;qx¿ != hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg @= jgjf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf tyf pTkfbgx¿ #= /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd $= /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjog ;+/rgf

7

efu !efu !efu !efu ! ;q !;q !;q !;q ! M M M M hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fghnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fghnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fghnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro jftfj/0fLo Pj+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?df a9\bf] dfgjLo rfk, ef}lts ljsf;sf qmddf ckgfOPsf] cf}Bf]uLs/0f / o;af6 l;lh{t k|b"if0fsf] j[l4 ;Fu} k|fs[lts ¿kdf rNb} cfPsf] jfo'd08nLo rqm c;Gt'lnt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd / xfjfkfgLdf kl/jt{g u/fPsf] tYo j}1flgs cWoogaf6 ;d]t k'li6 ePsf] 5 . ljZj ;d'bfosf] Wofg kl5Nnf] ;dodf pQm kl/jt{gn] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL hutdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf af/]df a9L s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . o; ;qdf To:tf kl/jt{gsf] cWoog k|lqmof lj1fgdf cfwfl/t 5 eGg]df hf]8 lbO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f, ;ªs]t / k|efjx¿af/] 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

p2]Zox¿p2]Zox¿p2]Zox¿p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿n] M

• df};d / hnjfo'sf aLr /x]sf slDtdf # j6f km/sx? jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • hnrqmsf slDtdf ^ kIfsf gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • xl/tu[x UofF; a[l4 x'g] slDtdf ^ j6f sf/0fx? atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf slDtdf # j6f ;"rsx?sf] gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • ljleGg txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • k|:t'lt

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM • hnrqm kf]i6/, xl/tu[x cjwf/0ff kf]i6/, xl/tu[x UofF;x?sf] ;"rL, xl/tu[x UofF; j[l4

x'gsf sf/0fx?sf] ;"rL, hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;+s]tx?sf] ;"rL • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

8

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/]

-;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ df};d / hnjfo'af/] s] yfxf 5 eg]/ ;f]Wg'xf]; . cfPsf pQ/ ;+lIfKtdf 5'§}

a|fpg l;6df n]Vg'xf]; . 3= ca df};d / hnjfo' ;DaGwdf ;xefuLx¿sf] wf/0ffsf] ;f/f+z lgsfNb} df};d / hnjfo'sf

kl/efiffx¿ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=@_ k|i6 kfg'{xf]; . 4= hnrqmsf] kf]:6/ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=#_ ;a} ;xefuLx¿n] b]Vg] u/L 6fF;]/ s'g} Ps

;xefuLnfO{ kf]i6/af/] a0f{g ug{ nufpg'xf]; . jfo'd08n tyf k[YjLdf kfgLsf :j¿k nufotsf 5nkmndf 5'6]sf ljifoj:t'x¿ yKb} o;nfO{ yk k|i6 kfg'{xf]; .

5= xl/tu[x k|efj eg]sf] s] xf] egL pbfx/0f;lxt xl/tu[x k|efj cjwf/0ff kf]:6/ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=$_ k|:t't u/L k[YjLsf] tfkqmd j[l4df xl/tu[x UofF;sf] e"ldsfaf/] k|i6\ofpg'xf]; / xl/tu[x UofF;sf] ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=%_ 5nkmn ub}{ k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

6= xl/tu[x UofF;x¿ j[l4 x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g egL 5nkmn rnfpFb} a|fpg k]k/df ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=^_ tof/ ug'{xf]; .

7= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;ªs]tx¿sf :yfgLo pbfx/0fx¿ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;f]Wb} a|fpg k]k/df ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf]; / 5'6]sf s'/fx¿ yk ug'{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=!=&_.

8= ga'em]sf s'/fsf af/]df k|Zg ;f]Wg] df}sf lbO{ To;sf] ;Daf]wgkl5 ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lgDgadf]lhd k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wb} ;qsf]] d"NofÍg ug'{xf]; . • df};d / hnjfo'df s] s] km/s 5 < • jfo'd08ndf kfgL s'g s'g :j¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 < • jfo'd08ndf xl/tu[x UofF; j[l4 ug{ k|d'v lhDd]jf/ tLg sf/sx¿ s] s] x'g\ < • hnjfo'sf ;"rsx? s] s] x'g < • :yfgLo txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|d'v k|efjx¿ s] s] 5g <

9= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf ljifox¿ ;d]6\b} ;f/f+z k|:t'lt ;lxt ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

9

;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fdffffu|Lxu|Lxu|Lxu|Lx¿ ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=!=!!=!=!!=!=!!=!=! ;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft ;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlw

n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] n]lvPsf] a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6 jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06jf Go"h lk|06

;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsf cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .cg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=!=@!=!=@!=!=@!=!=@ kl/efiffxkl/efiffxkl/efiffxkl/efiffx¿

df};ddf};ddf};ddf};d (Weather) MMMM

• lg/Gt/ kl/jt{g eO/xg] b}lgs tyf Ifl0fs xfjfkfgLsf] cj:yf . h:t} M laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd x'g] ;"o{sf] tfk, jfo'sf] rfk, jfo'sf] ult cflbsf sf/0f df};dsf] cj:yf ablnO/xg', Ct' cg';f/ df};ddf x'g] kl/jt{g cflb .

• df};d ablnO/xg' :jfefljs k|lqmof xf] / o;nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g eGbf km/s ¿kn] lg/Gt/ km]/ abn eO /xg] k|lqmofsf ¿kdf a'em\g' kb{5 . k|s[ltdf df};d kl/jt{g cfjZos x'G5, t/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g 8/nfUbf] dflgG5 .

hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo' (Climate) M M M M

• s'g} 7fpFsf]] df};dsf] nfdf] ;dosf] tfkqmd / aiff{sf bzsf}F jf ;of}F jif{x¿sf] clen]v ljZn]if0f u/L lgsflnPsf] ;/b/ cj:yf .

• ljZj hnjfo' ;+u7gsf cg';f/ o:tf] ljZn]if0fsf nflu ;fdfGotof sDtLdf #) jif{ cjlwsf] cf};t df};dL cfFs8fsf] cj:yf cfjZos kg]{ .

• hnjfo' dfkgsf ;"rsfÍx¿ M tfkqmd, aiff{, jfo'sf] rfk cflb . • hnjfo'sf ljifodf :ki6 x'gsf nflu hnrqmaf/] klg :ki6 x'g' cfjZos .

hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo' kl/jt{gkl/jt{gkl/jt{gkl/jt{g (Climate change) MMMM • l:y/ /xg' kg]{ hnjfo'sf ;"rsfª\sx¿ -tfkqmd, aiff{, jfo'sf] rfk cflb_ ablng yfn]sf]

cj:yf . • ljZjsf ljleGg :yfgdf :yflkt df};d cjnf]sg s]Gb|x¿af6 k|fKt emG8} !%) jif{

cjlwsf] tfkqmdsf] clen]vn] k[YjLsf] ;txsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] s'/f :ki6¿kdf b]vfPsf] .

• tfkqmdsf] pQm j[l4b/ :yfg ljz]if cg';f/ km/s–km/s /x]sf] .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjk|efjk|efjk|efjx¿x¿x¿x¿ k|fs[lts k|0ffnLx¿ dWo] tfkqmd, aiff{, ;d'b|L ;tx j[l4, k|f0fL tyf jg:kltdf a9\bf] /f]u ls/fsf] cfqmd0f / k|sf]khGo 36gfsf] j[l4nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx¿ dflgPsf] 5 . s]lx pbfx/0fx? tn k|Zt't ul/Psf] 5 .

• w|'jLo If]q tyf klxn] lxpF kg]{ a9L prfOsf :yfgx¿df clxn] w]/}h;f] kfgL kg{ yfNg' .

10

• d';nwf/] / ef/L jiff{sf 36gfx¿ a9\g' . • Jofks af9L cfpg' jf nfdf] v8]/L kg{' . • lbg / /ftx¿ s]xL bzs klxn] eGbf a9L tftf x'g' . • rL;f lbg / /ftx¿ sd xF'b} hfg' . • !)) ldlnld6/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L kl/df0fdf kfgL kg]{ lbgx¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} hfg' . • kfgL kg]{ ;do / cjlwdf kl/jt{g cfpg' / kfgL kg]{ lbgx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36\g' . • dxTjk"0f{ dflgg] lxdgbL / lxdfnL If]qx¿af6 lxpF kUnFb} hfg' / lxdtfnx¿ a9]/

cs:dft km'6\g] tyf ljikmf]6 x'g] vt/f a9\b} hfg' .

k[YjLsf] tfkqmdk[YjLsf] tfkqmdk[YjLsf] tfkqmdk[YjLsf] tfkqmd ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tYox¿;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tYox¿;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tYox¿;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tYox¿ • jfo'd08ndf &* k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg, @! k|ltzt clS;hg tyf ! k|ltzt cGo Uof+;

/x]sf . • ;"o{af6 lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k|jflxt x'g] ;f}o{ pmhf{ k|sfz / tfksf ¿kdf jfo'd08n x'Fb} k[YjL

;Dd cfpg] . • ;"o{af6 k|jflxt ePsf] o:tf] tfksf] #) k|ltzt aLr}df 5l/P/ x/fpg] / &) k|ltzt efu

dfq k[YjL ;Dd cfOk'Ug] . ;f] dWo] s]xL efu k[YjL tyf ;d'b|sf] ;txn] ;f]:g] / s]xL efu k/fjlt{t eP/ k'gM jfo'd08n x'Fb} cfsfzlt/} kms{g] .

• jfo'd08nsf] Pp6f txsf ¿kdf /x]sf xl/tu[x UofF;x¿ gePsf] eP k[YjLsf] cf};t tfkqmd z"Go eGbf !* l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 sd x'g] lyof] h'g cj:yf dfgj nufot hLj hutsf nflu afRg of]Uo gx'g] .

• hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/;/sf/L ;d"x (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change-IPCC) sf cg';f/ xl/tu[x UofF;sf] clws pT;h{gsf sf/0f ljut !)) jif{sf] cjlwdf k[YjLsf] tfkqmd )=&$ l8u|L ;]lG6u|]6sf b/n] a9\b} uPsf] 5 eg]] g]kfndf )=)^ ;]lG6u|]6sf b/n] tfkqmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

11

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=!=$!=!=$!=!=$!=!=$ xl/tu[x cjwf/0ff xl/tu[x cjwf/0ff xl/tu[x cjwf/0ff xl/tu[x cjwf/0ff kf]:6/kf]:6/kf]:6/kf]:6/

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=!=%!=!=%!=!=%!=!=% xl/tu[x Uof;xxl/tu[x Uof;xxl/tu[x Uof;xxl/tu[x Uof;x¿sf] ;"rLsf] ;"rLsf] ;"rLsf] ;"rL hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|f¿k dxf;lGw !((@ cGtu{tsf] Sof]6f] cle;lGw !((& df ;"rLs[t ul/Psf xl/tu[x Uof;x¿ M

� sfa{g8fOcS;fO8(CO2)

� ldy]g (CH4)

� gfO6«; cS;fO8 (NO2)

� xfO8«f]km\nf]/f] sfa{g (HFCs)

� k/km\nf]/f] sfa{g (PFCcs)

� ;Nkm/x]Shfkm\nf]/fO8 (SF6) � gf6«f]hg 6«Lkm\nf]/fO8 (NF3)

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=!=^!=!=^!=!=^!=!=^ xl/tu[x xl/tu[x xl/tu[x xl/tu[x UofUofUofUofFF FF;;;; jjjj[l[l[l[l4444 x'gx'gx'gx'g'' ''sf sf/0fx¿sf sf/0fx¿sf sf/0fx¿sf sf/0fx¿ • vlgh pmhf{df cfwfl/t a9\bf] cf}Bf]uLs/0f . • oftfoft lj:tf/ / oftfotsf ;fwgsf] cTolws pTkfbg / k|of]u . • h}ljs OGwgsf] cTolws k|of]u . • s[lif If]qsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f -wfg afnL, l;FrfO, ljiffbL tyf /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]u_ . • e"–pkof]u k|0ffnLdf Jofks kl/jt{g . • lk|mh, Po/slG8;g/ cflb h:tf a9L OGwg vkt ug]{ oGq, d]l;g jf j:t'x¿sf] a9\bf]

k|of]u .

12

efu !

;q @ M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw;q @ M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw;q @ M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw;q @ M hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/ ;DaGw

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro cl3Nnf] ;qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fg, sf/0f tyf k|efjx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . o; ;qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jgsf] cGt/;DaGwsf ljifodf 5nkmn x'g]5 . of] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ a'em\g jgaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ljljw kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfx¿Aff/] hfGg' cfjZos x'G5 . ;xhstf{n] /]8Kn;sf] ;Gbe{ hf]8\g' cufj} jg If]q ljljw ;]jfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ k|d'v ;|f]t ePsf] / o;n] hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f u/fpg] k|d'v sfo{ ;Fu} ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngdf klg ljlzi6 e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 eGg] a' \́g' h?/L 5 . o; ;qdf sfa{grqm / jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ng pGd'v ;]jf tyf pTkfbgx¿af/] 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] slDtdf # j6f j:t'sf] gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] slDtdf $ j6f ;]jfx?sf gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • sfa{grqmsf slDtdf @ k|s[ofsf gfd eGg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgdf sfj{g e08f/0f x'g] slDtdf $ :yfg÷j:t'sf gfd eGg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0fdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf slDtdf @ e"ldsf atfpg

;Sg'x'g]5 . • hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf % e"ldsf atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M • ! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M • lkm;an cEof; • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • k|:t'lt

cfjZos ;fdcfjZos ;fdcfjZos ;fdcfjZos ;fdffffu|L M u|L M u|L M u|L M • k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmof kf]:6/ • sfa{grqmsf] kf]:6/ • jgaf6 k|fKtx'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ;"rL • hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0fdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg] e"ldsfsf] ;"rL • hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg e"ldsfsf] ;"rL • a|fpg k]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

13

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx?x?x?x?MMMM

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut ub}{ ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwaf/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= jgaf6 s] s:tf j:t' tyf ;]jf k|fKt x'G5g ;xefuLx¿nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L lkm;an cEof; u/fpg'xf]; . ;dfg lsl;dsf ;]jf tyf j:t'x¿ Ps 7fpFdf kg]{ u/L pgLx¿af6 cfPsf pQ/x¿nfO{ a|fpg k]k/df l6Kb} ;]jf tyf j:t'x¿sf] ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=!_ agfpg'xf]; .

3= la?jfdf k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofaf6 sfa{gsf] ;l~rlt s;/L x'G5 / Tof] sfa{g jfo'd08ndf s;/L kms{G5 eGg] k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf]; . cfPsf pQ/ a|fpg k]k/df l6Kg'xf]; . ca k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofsf] rf6{ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=@_ k|:t't u/L jg sfa{gsf] ;l~rlt tyf pT;h{g klqmofaf/] k|:6\ofpg'xf]; .

4= k[YjL tyf jfo'd08ndf sxfF sxfF sfa{g e08f/0f x'g ;S5, sfa{g ;l~rlt tyf pT;{hg Ifdtf s] xf] < eGg] k|Zg ;f]wL 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; .

5= ca 5nkmnnfO{ hf]8\b} sfa{grqmsf] lrq÷kf]:6/ k|:t't u/L -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=#_ k[YjL / jfo'd08ndf sfa{gsf] e08f/ s] s] df x'G5 / pT;{hg tyf ;l~rlt s] s]n] ub{5g eGg] k|i6 kfg'{xf]; . 5nkmnaf6 k|fs[lts¿kdf sfa{g ;l~rlt ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ dfWod jg g} xf] eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg'xf]; .

6= 5nkmnnfO{ hf]8\b} jgdf sfa{g s'g s'g cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'G5 -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=$_ ;+lIfKt j0f{g ug'{xf]; .

7= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fdf jgn] s;/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf]{/x]5 eGg] k|Zg u/L k|fKt pQ/x¿nfO{ a|fpg k]k/df a'Fbfut ¿kdf l6Kg'xf]; . k|fKt pQ/nfO{ ;d]6\b} hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fdf jgsf] e"ldsfePsf] ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=%_ k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

8= Jfgn] ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngdf s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; . cg's"ng pGd'v ;]jf tyf pTkfbgx¿sf] ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=^_ k|fKt geP;Dd ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf ljrf/ k|:t't ug{ pTk|]l/t ul//xg'xf]; .

9= ljZjdf x'g] sfj{g pT;h{gsf] sl/j !& k|ltzt efu jg ljgf; / IfoLs/0fsf] sf/0fn] x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg] .

10= ga'em]sf s'/fsf af/]df k|Zg ;f]Wg] df}sf lbO{ To;sf] ;Daf]wg ePkl5 ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lgDgadf]lhdsf k|Zgx¿ ub}{ ;qsf]] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf]; M

• jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t'x? s] s] x'g < • jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx? s] s] x'g < • sfa{grqmsf k|s[of s] s] xf]nfg < • jgdf sfj{g e08f/0f x'g] dfWod s] s] x'g < • hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0fdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg] e"ldsf s] xf] < • hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg] s] e"ldsf /xG5 < • jgn] ug]{ sfa{g ;l~rlt / pT;h{gsf] cg'kft slt 5 <

11= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf ljifox¿sf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ub}{ ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

14

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lu|Lu|Lu|Lx¿x¿x¿x¿ ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=!!=@=!!=@=!!=@=! ;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6 ;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=@!=@=@!=@=@!=@=@ jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿

jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t'x¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t'x¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t'x¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] j:t'x¿ M • Jofkfl/s tyf Jofj;flos dxTjsf j:t'x¿ M sf7, hl8a'6L, u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ cflb . • cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf j:t'x¿ M bfp/f, 3fF+;, :ofpnf, ;f]Q/ cflb . • vfB ;'/Iff / ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fsf nflu k|fKt x'g] j:t'x¿ M kmnkm"n, kft, e'jf cflb .

jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx¿ Mjgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx¿ M � pkef]Uo j:t' ;Dapkef]Uo j:t' ;Dapkef]Uo j:t' ;Dapkef]Uo j:t' ;DaGwLGwLGwLGwL ;]jf ;]jf ;]jf ;]jf (Provisionsing): jg jGo vfB a:t', sGbd"n, kfgL cflb . � lgodgfTds ;]jf lgodgfTds ;]jf lgodgfTds ;]jf lgodgfTds ;]jf (Regulating): hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0f, /f]u Go"lgs/0f cflb . � ;xof]uL ;;xof]uL ;;xof]uL ;;xof]uL ;]jf]jf]jf]jf (Supporting): kf]if0f rqmdf ;Gt'ng, v]tLafnLdf k/fu ;]rg cflb . � ;f+:s[lts;f+:s[lts;f+:s[lts;f+:s[lts (Cultural): cfWoflds / cfdf]b k|df]b cflb .

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=@!=@=@!=@=@!=@=@ k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofk|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofk|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofk|sfz ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmof

15

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=#!=@=#!=@=#!=@=# sfa{grqmsfa{grqmsfa{grqmsfa{grqm

16

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=$!=@=$!=@=$!=@=$ jg sfa{gsfjg sfa{gsfjg sfa{gsfjg sfa{gsf]] ]] e08f/e08f/e08f/e08f/0f 0f 0f 0f ----kkkkf]:6/ !=@=@_f]:6/ !=@=@_f]:6/ !=@=@_f]:6/ !=@=@_

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=%!=@=%!=@=%!=@=% hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxgLs/0fpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxgLs/0fpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxgLs/0fpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿¿¿¿

• sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 7f]; :j¿k¿k¿k¿kdf kl/0ft ePdf o;n] jfo'd08ndf s'g} xflg gug]{ .

• ¿v–la?jfn] vfgf agfpg jfo'd08ndf ePsf] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8, xl/t s0f / ;"o{sf] k|sfzsf] k|of]u u/L jfo'd08naf6 xl/tu[x UofF;sf] dfqf 36fpg] .

• j}1flgsx¿n] xl/tu[x UofF;sf] c;/ sd ug]{ ljleGg lsl;dsf cg';Gwfgx¿ ul/cfPsf eP klg xfn;Dd Go"gLs/0f u/fpg] jg / hnfzo÷;d'b|afx]s cGo s'g} klg pkfo dxª\uf] b]lvPsf] .

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=@=^!=@=^!=@=^!=@=^ hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo'hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxkl/jt{g cg's"ngpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxkl/jt{g cg's"ngpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfxkl/jt{g cg's"ngpGd'v j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿¿¿¿

• vfBfGgsf] j}slNks ;|f]tx¿¿¿¿ -sGbd"n, t?n, ljleGg lsl;dsf emf/kft, kmn, aLp cflb_

• sfi7 tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg / u|fdL0f hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf

• kfgLsf] ;|f]tsf] u'0f tyf kl/df0fdf ;'wf/

• 3/kfn'jf;lxt hª\unL hLjhGt'nfO{ cfktsfnLg cj:yfdf cf>o tyf vfBfGg÷3fF; cflb

• ljleGg lsl;dsf kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfx¿ k|bfg u/L k|lts"n cj:yfdf afFRg / hLjg lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd agfpg]

1= hldg dflysf] h}ljs lk08 (Above Ground Biomass)

2= hldg d'lgsf] h}ljs lk08 (Below Ground Biomass)

3= sfl6Psf ?v÷;'s]sf sf7 (Dead Wood)

4= kft kltË/ (Litter)

5= df6f]df /x]sf] h}ljs sfj{g (Soil Organic Carbon)

17

efu !

;q # ;q # ;q # ;q # M M M M /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff / ljsf;qmd

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu xl/tu[x UofF;x¿sf] pT;h{gdf sdL Nofpg' cTofjZos 5 . o;sf nflu jg ;+/If0f u/L jfo'd08ndf /x]sf] k|d'v xl/tu[x UofF; (Greenhouse Gases)

sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] zf]if0f (Sequestration) u/L e08f/0f ug]{ / jgaf6 x'g] pT;h{gdf sdL NofO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{] clek|foaf6 k|]l/t eO{ /]8Kn; (REDD+) sf] cjwf/0ff cfPsf] xf] . o; efudf /]8Kn; eg]sf] s] xf], o;sf] cjwf/0ffsf] ;'?cft slxn] / s;/L eof], ljZjdf o;sf] ljsf;df s;n] / s;/L sfd ul//x]sf] 5 / clxn] s'g cj:yf ;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5 eGg]af/] 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• /]8 Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8Kn;sf % s[ofsnfksf] gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8Kn; ljsf;qmdsf r/0fx¿sf] ;"rL k|Zt't ug'{x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M

! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿ M ljlwx¿ M ljlwx¿ M ljlwx¿ M • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • k|:t'lt

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M • /]8Kn;sf] kl/efiff • /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff kf]:6/ • /]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;qmdsf] tflnsf • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k, d]6fsf8{

18

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg]

ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= cl3Nnf] ;qdf 5nkmn ul/P cg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f tyf cg's"ngdf jg /

vf;ul/ jgdf ;+lrt sf{jgsf] e"ldsf x'g] yfxf kfofF}+ . ca jgdf s] s] lqmofsnfk ubf{ jg sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL tyf jg sfa{gsf] ;l~rlt j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ;f]Rg nufpg'xf]; . clg k|To]s ;xefuLx¿nfO{ d]6fsf8{df b'O{ b'O{ j6f lqmofsnfkx¿ n]Vg nufpg'xf]; . cfPsf pQ/x¿ ;ª\sng u/L gbf]xf]l/g] u/L a|fpg k]k/df n]Vg'xf]; . To;df 5'6]sf s'/fx¿ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=@_] yKg'xf]; . oL lqmofsnfkx¿ g} /]8Kn; cGt{ut ;+rfng x'g'kg]{ lqmofsnfkx¿ x'g eGg] s'/f atfpg'xf]; .

3= ca ;a} ;xefuLx?n] b]Vg] u/L /]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] kl/ro lbg] kf]:6/ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=# / !=#=$_ 6fF:g'xf]; . ;xefuLx¿sf] ;d"xaf6 Pshgf ;xefuLnfO{ :j]lR5s ¿kdf lgDTofP/ pQm kf]:6/ cg';f/ /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff j0f{g ug{ nufpg'xf]; . ;xefuLsf] JofVofnfO{ cem k|i6 agfO{ /]8Kn;sf] k|fjwfgaf/] ;dli6utut ¿kdf JofVof ug'{xf]; .

4= ca ;xefuLx¿nfO{ /]8Kn; of] cj:yfdf Ps} k6s cfOk'u]sf] xf]Og, o;n] ljleGg r/0fx¿ kf/ u/]/ dfq of] ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] xf] eGg] bzf{pg /]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;qmd -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=% _ ;+lIfKtdf k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

5= /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogdf k|d'v e'ldsf /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=^_ lbg'xf]; .

6= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ga'lemPsf] laifodf k|Zg /fVg] df}sf lbO{ To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;q d"Nofª\sgsf nflu lgDg k|Zgx¿ ug'{xf]; . o /]8Kn;sf] cjwf/0ff s] xf] < o /]8Kn;cGtu{t s] s] lqmofsnfkx¿ kb{5g\ < o /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;qmd s:tf] 5 <

7= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf ljifox¿ ;d]6\b} ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

19

;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿¿¿¿

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=#=!!=#=!!=#=!!=#=! ;q ;'?cft a|;q ;'?cft a|;q ;'?cft a|;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6fpg l;6fpg l;6fpg l;6

;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=#=@!=#=@!=#=@!=#=@ /]8Kn; sfo{qmd/]8Kn; sfo{qmd/]8Kn; sfo{qmd/]8Kn; sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf kfFr lqmofsnfkxcGtu{tsf kfFr lqmofsnfkxcGtu{tsf kfFr lqmofsnfkxcGtu{tsf kfFr lqmofsnfkx¿ • jg ljgfzsf dfWodaf6 x'g] pT;h{g s6f}tL, • jg IfoLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 x'g] pT;h{g s6f}tL • jg sfa{g df}Hbft ;+/If0f • jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg • sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4

/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff/]8Kn; cjwf/0ff jg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0faf6 x'g] sfa{g pT;h{gnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{], jgsf] k|efjsf/L ;+/If0f ug{] / o;sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t sfa{g ;l~rlt Ifdtf clej[l4 u/fpg] sfo{ u/] jfkt ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿nfO{ ljsl;t /fi6«x¿af6 k|f]T;fxg :j?k k|fKt x'g] e'QmfgLsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; (REDD+) elgG5 .

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=#=!=#=!=#=!=#=# / # / # / # / $$$$MMMM /]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] kf/]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] kf/]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] kf/]8Kn; cjwf/0ffsf] kf]:]:]:]:6/6/6/6/

20

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=#=%!=#=%!=#=%!=#=% /]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li/]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li/]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li/]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;qmd6«o ljsf;qmd6«o ljsf;qmd6«o ljsf;qmd

ldltldltldltldlt pknlAwx¿pknlAwx¿pknlAwx¿pknlAwx¿ ;g\ @))% • hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGwsf

kIf/fi6«x¿sf] df]lG6«ondf ;DkGg !! cf}F ;Dd]ngdf kk'jf Go' lugL / sf]:6fl/sfåf/f /]8nfO{ kIf/fi6«sf] ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmnsf] ljifo agfOg'kg]{ k|:tfj btf{

;g\ @))^ • ljZj a}+såf/f ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df /]8sf] tof/L / Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu jg sfa{g ;fem]bf/L ;xof]u sfo{qmd nfu"

• ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3åf/f klg ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df /]8sf] tof/L / Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ;xof]u sfo{qmd k|f/De

;g\ @))& • OG8f]g]l;ofsf] afnLdf a;]sf] kIf/fi6«x¿sf] !# cf}F ;Dd]ngdf jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fdf ;+/If0fsf] kf6f] ;d]t yk]/ /]8Kn; cjwf/0fsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf]

;g\ @))* • gj]{, a]nfot, hd{gL h:tf ljslzt b]zåf/f ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0f /f]Sgsf nflu /]8sf] tof/L ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] 3f]if0ff

• ljleGg ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df jg sfa{g sf]if :yfkgfsf] ;'?cft, h:t} M clk|msfsf] s+uf] a]l;g jg sf]if, a|flhnsf] cd]hg sf]if cflb

• ;a} h;f] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿df /]8Kn; tof/L r/0fsf] z'?cft

• dxf;lGw cGtu{tsf ljleGg lgsfox¿åf/f /]8Kn; ;+/rgf ljsf;sf nflu s}of}+F ;qx¿sf] cfof]hgf / kIf/fi6«x¿sf] kf]NofG8df ;DkGg !$ cf}F ;Dd]ngkl5 /]8Kn; jftf{ k|lqmofdf tLj|tf

;g\ @))( • 8]gdfs{sf] sf]k]gx]ugdf ;DkGg kIf/fi6«x¿sf] !% cf}F ;Dd]ngdf ;g\ @)!@ b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L /]8Kn; ;d]t hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ljleGg

21

kIfdf yk sfg'gL Joj:yfsf nflu ;xdlt • o; ;Dd]ngn] /]8Kn;nfO{ j}wflgstf k|bfg ug{ sfg'gL ;Demf}tfsf nflu

w]/} s'/f 6'ª\uf] nufO;s]sf] ePtf klg /]8Kn;sf nflu pknAw x'g'kg]{ /sd, /]8Kn;sf] dfkg, k|ltj]bg tyf k|df0fLs/0f ljlw / pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f sfo{;DaGwL /fli6«o¿kdf pko'Qm of]hgf;Fu /]8Kn;sf] cGt;{DaGwh:tf ljifodf lg0f{o ug{ g;s]sf]

;g\ @)!) Sofgs'gdf ePsf] kIf /fi6«x¿sf] !^ cf}F+ ;Dd]ngdf • /]8Kn;sf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf tof/L h;df /]8Kn; nlIft kfFF FFr

lqmofsnfkx¿ ;d]l6Psf] • sdljsl;t b]zx¿nfO{ /fli6«o /]8Kn; /0fgLlt lgdf{0f ug{, pT;h{g

tyf jgsf] /fli6«o cfwf/ /]vf to ug{ / ;'/Iff;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfxsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfu|x

• /]8Kn;sf tLg j6f r/0fdf s] s] lqmofsnfkx¿ nfu' ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f

;g\ @)!! • 8af{gdf ePsf] kIf/fi6«x¿sf] !&cf}+F ;Dd]ngdf /]8Kn;sf nflu tof/L ul/g] cfwf/ ljGb' s;/L tof/ ug]{ / /]8Kn;df ;'/Iff l;2fGt kfngf ePsf] af/]df tof/ ug'{kg]{ ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg s;/L tof/L ug]{ eGg] dfu{bz{g kfl/t

;g\ @)!@ • dxf;lGwsf kIf/fi6«x¿sf] stf/sf] bf]xfdf ;DkGg !*cf}+F ;Dd]ngdf /]8Kn;df k|df0fLs/0fsf] ljifo / cGo k|lqmofut ljifodf ;b:o /fi6«x¿sf aLr ;xdlt x'g g;s]kl5 s'g} gofF lg0f{o x'g g;s]sf] .

;g @)!# • dxf;lGwsf kIf/fi6«x¿sf] kf]Nof08sf] jf;f{df ;DkGGf !(cf}+ ;Dd]ngn] /]8Kn;sf ;ft j6f cwf/e"t ljifodf lg0f{o u/]sf] / o;nfO{ Warsaw

Framework for REDD+ eGg] ul/Psf] . o;} lg0f{oaf6 g} /]8Kn;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] .

;g @)!$ • dxf;lGwsf kIf/fi6«x¿sf] k]?sf] lndfdf ;DkGg @)cf}+ ;Dd]ngdf /]8Kn;sf] af/]df s'g} gofF lg0f{o gePsf] .

;g\ @)!% • dxf;lGwsf kIf/fi6«x¿sf] k|mfG;sf] k]l/;df cfof]hgf x'g] @!cf}+ ;Dd]ngn] /]8Kn;df u}/sfj{g nfe, ;'/Iff l;2fGtx?sf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL / /]8Kn;df cg's"ng / Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm gLltut cjwf/0ffsf] ljifodf lg0f{o ug]{ lglZrt ePsf] . oL tLg j6f ljifodf lg0f{o ePkl5 /]8Kn;sf ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df s'g} klg ljifodf lg0f{o ug{ afFsL g/x]sf] / /]8Kn;sf] /fli6«o :t/df jf:tljs k/LIf0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f x'g] .

22

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=#=^!=#=^!=#=^!=#=^ /]8Kn; /]8Kn; /]8Kn; /]8Kn; ljsf;df ;DnUg k|d'v cGt/fljsf;df ;DnUg k|d'v cGt/fljsf;df ;DnUg k|d'v cGt/fljsf;df ;DnUg k|d'v cGt/f{{ {{li6li6li6li6«« ««o ;+:yfx?o ;+:yfx?o ;+:yfx?o ;+:yfx?

;+;+;+;+o'Qmo'Qmo'Qmo'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd/fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd/fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd/fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd (UN-REDD Program) ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;+:yfx? ljZj vfB sfo{qmd (FAO), ;+o'Qmo'Qmo'Qmo'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd (UNDP) / ;+o'Qmo'Qmo'Qmo'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo jftfj/0fLo sfo{qmd (UNEP) ldn]/ v8f ul/Psf] ;+oGq xf] . o;sf] :yfkgf ;g @))* df ul/Psf] lyof] / o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ljsf;f]Gd"v b]zx?df /]8Kn; cjwf/0fsf] ljsf; / Joj:yfkg ug'{ xf] . ;+o'Qmo'Qmo'Qmo'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd n] ljsf;f]Gd"v /fi6«x?nfO{ /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u u/L ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx/sf] cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutf ;"lglZrt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 .

ljZj j}s+sf] jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwf ljZj j}s+sf] jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwf ljZj j}s+sf] jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwf ljZj j}s+sf] jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwf (Forest Carbon Partnership Facility-FCPF)

/]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljZj j}+sn] ljZj j}s+sf] jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwf (FCPF) gfds sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmdn] ;Da4 /fi6x?nfO{ /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u ub{5 / o;sf] :yfkgf ;g @))* df ePsf] xf] . of] sfoqmdn] /]8Kn;sf nflu kl/If0f kl/of]hgfx? tof/ u/L sfo{fGjogdf Nofpg] / l;sfO{x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ub{5 .

cGo cGt/fcGo cGt/fcGo cGt/fcGo cGt/f{{ {{li6li6li6li6«« ««o :t/sf ;xof]ux?o :t/sf ;xof]ux?o :t/sf ;xof]ux?o :t/sf ;xof]ux?

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo /]8 sfo{qmd / jg sfj{g ;fem]bf/L ;'ljwfsf cnfjf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;df ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . tL dWo] ljZj j}+ssf] jg nufgL sfo{qmd (FIP), ljZj jftfj/0fLo Joj:yf (GEF) sf] Tropical Foresy Account (TFA) / ci6«]lnofsf] cGt/f{li6«o jg sfj{g k|of; (International Forest Carbon Initiative-IFCI) x? k|d'v 5g . ltgsf cnfjf gj]{, hd{g, hfkfg nufotsf ljsl;t b]zx?n] klg ljleGg b]zx?df ;xof]u ub]{ cfPsf 5g\ .

23

efu !

;q $ M /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx?;q $ M /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx?;q $ M /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx?;q $ M /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0f / ;jfnx?

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro

/]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg gLltut, k|fljlws / ;f+u7flgs kIfx¿sf] tof/L ul/g' kb{5 . /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf ljleGg r/0fx¿ kf/ u/] kZrft dfq o;n] d"t{¿k u|x0f ub{5 . o; cGtu{t /0fgLlt / kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg k|]if0f k|df0fLs/0f, sfa{gsf] ahf/Ls/0f / nfesf] aFf8kmfF8 nufotsf r/0fx¿ kb{5g . oL k|To]s r/0fdf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf ;+nUg /x]sf x'G5g . sfof{Gjogsf] x/]s r/0fdf ljleGg vfn] ;jfnx? / r'gf}tLx? cfpg ;S5g . of] ;q /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf oL ljleGg ljljw kIf / kl/of]hgf s;/L ;'?cft eO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu cufl8 a9\b5 eGg] ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g]5 .

p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿

o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf # r/0fsf gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8Kn;sf ^ k|fljlws kIfsf] cy{ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8 k|lqmofdf hfFbf :yfgLo txdf jg sfa{g -df}Hbft_sf] :yfloTjsf ;Defljt

hf]lvdx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M

! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M ;d"x 5nkmn k|:t'lt k|Zgf]Q/

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M

• /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0fx? • k|fljlws kIfx?sf] JofVof ;lxtsf] ;"rL • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

24

;q ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk;q ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk;q ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk;q ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ rf/ j6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf]; / k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿af6 Ps Ps j6f k|Zg lbP/ ;f] ljifodf bz ldg]6 cf–cfˆgf] ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufpg' xf]; . k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ s]lx ;do k|bfg u/L cfPsf pQ/x¿ k|:t't ug{ lbg'xf]; .

• /]8Kn; ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjogsf tLg r/0f s] s] x'g < • /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsf df]8nx? s] s] x'g < • sfj{g :yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6 (Leakage) cg'udg k|]if0f k|df0fLs/0f, (Monitoring,

Reporting Verification-MRV) sfj{g pT;h{g cfwf/ /]vf (Reference Emmision

Level-REL) eg]sf] s] xf] < • /]8Kn;sf] sfo{qmd cg'udg / k|df0fLs/0f lsg, s;n] / s;/L u5{ <

3= /]8Kn; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmofsf] lrq -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=@_ tflnd sIfdf ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF:g'xf]; / ;xefuLx¿sf wf/0ff ;d]6\b} ;d"x 5nkmndf j0f{g ug'{xf]; .

4= /]8Kn; ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjogsf r/0fsf] lrq k|Zt't ub}{ x/]s r/0fdf ul/g] lqmofsnfksf ljifodf 5nkmn ug'{xf]; / k|To]s r/0fdf sf] sf] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+nUg x'G5g\ eGg] 5nkmn rnfpFb} To;sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf]; .

5= /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws kIfx? :yfloTj (Permanency), r'xfj6 (Leakage), cltl/Qm pTk|]/0ff (Additionality), z'/Iff(Safeguards), cg'udg k|if0f k|df0fLs/0f (MRV), sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /]vf (REL) sf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf]; .

6= ;qdf ga'em]sf s'/f ;DaGwL k|Zg ug]{ df}sf lbO{ To;sf] ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]wL ;qsf]] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf]; . • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf slt r/0fx? 5g\ < • /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof s] s] x'g\ < • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;/f]sf/jfnf sf] sf] x'g < • /]8Kn;sf k|d'v k|fljlws kIfx? s] s] x'g <

7= /]8Kn;sf] k|fjwfgdf :yfloTj, r'xfj6, kf/blz{tf cflbsf] cfjZostf -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=#=^_ af/] ;+lIfKtdf j0f{g ug'{xf]; .

8= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf ljifox¿sf] ;f/f+z ;d]6\b} ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

25

;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=$=!!=$=!!=$=!!=$=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6 ;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L !=$=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof!=$=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof!=$=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof!=$=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf cfwf/e't k|lqmof

UNFCCC

Global REDD+ policy mechanism

Project model

• National

• Sub-national

• Nested

Funding model

• Market based

• Fund based

• Hybrid

Required readiness

• Information

• Policy

• Institution

• Capacity

REDD+ project implementing countries

Countries' required Capacity for REDD+

• Negotiation

• Reference Emissions Level (REL)

• MRV capacity

• Social and Environmental Standard (SES)

• Safeguard mechanism in place

• Grievances redress mechanism

• Sustainable management of forest

Possible model of REDD+ projects

26

;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=#M /]8Kn; sfof{Gogsf r/0fx?;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=#M /]8Kn; sfof{Gogsf r/0fx?;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=#M /]8Kn; sfof{Gogsf r/0fx?;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=#M /]8Kn; sfof{Gogsf r/0fx?

REDD+ Development/Implementation phases

Phase 1Preparation

•Prepare national REDD+ strategies & Action Plans

•Develop technical systems

•Capacity building

Phase 2Demonstration

•Implementation of demonstration activities

•Piloting technical systems

•More capacity building

Phase 3

Implementation

•National-level implementation

•National MRV

•Incentives for verified emission reductions

1 -4 years 4 - 7 years 7 years +

6Capacity Building, institutional strengthening, piloting, and Replication

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=$M /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws zAbfjnLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=$M /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws zAbfjnLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=$M /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws zAbfjnLs/0f ;fdfu|L !=$=$M /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws zAbfjnL :yfloTj÷lbuf]kgf:yfloTj÷lbuf]kgf:yfloTj÷lbuf]kgf:yfloTj÷lbuf]kgf (Permanence): o; zAbn] jg ljgfz x'g;Sg] ljleGg vt/faf6 jgnfO{ hf]ufO{ jgdf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfa{g ;l~rlt ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpF5 . sfa{g ;l~rltdf :yfloTj /xg] s'/f ;'lgZrt ug{ ;lsPdf dfq /]8Kn; sfo{qmd ;kmn x'g] / qm]tfx¿ sfa{g lsGgsf] nflu tof/ x'G5g .

:yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6:yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6:yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6:yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6 (Leakage)M Ps 7fpFdf jg ;+/If0f ug]{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt a9fpg] gfddf To:tf] jgaf6 k|fKt ug]{ pTkfbg /]8Kn; sfof{Gjog x'g] If]q eGbf aflx/sf] If]qaf6 NofO{ k|of]u ul/Pdf sfa{g r'xfj6 u/]sf] dflgG5 . Ps 7fpFdf /x]sf] s[lif tyf ktL{ e"ldnfO{ jgdf kl/0ft u/] klg ;f]xL a/fa/ csf]{ 7fpFsf] jg ljgfz u/L s[lif sfo{ ul/Pdf klg sfa{g r'xfj6 ePsf] dflgG5 . sfa{g r'xfj6nfO{ pT;h{g :yfgfGt/0f (Displacement of Emission) klg elgG5 .

cltl/Qm pTk|]/0ffcltl/Qm pTk|]/0ffcltl/Qm pTk|]/0ffcltl/Qm pTk|]/0ff (Additionality) M cltl/Qm ;xof]u lagf jg ;+/If0f ug{ ;Dej gx'g] b]lvPsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ jf sdhf]/ tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] k4ltnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u tyf pTk|]/0ff k|bfg u/L sfa{g pT;h{g 36]df jf sfa{g ;l~rlt a9]df To;/L k|fKt x'g] >]onfO{ /]8Kn; cGtu{t cltl/Qm pTk|]/0ff dflgG5 .

sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /]vf]vf]vf]vf (Reference Emissions Level):

;do cGt/df jg If]qaf6 x'g] sfj{g pT;{hg tyf ;+lrtLsf] cj:yf yfxf kfpg s'g} lglZrt ;dodf ePsf] cyjf x'g;Sg] pT;{hgsf] dfqfnfO{ sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ ljGb' elgG5 . sfj{g pT;{hg sd ePsf] jf sfj{g ;l~rtL j[l4 ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu k|To]s b]znfO{ Pp6f

27

ljZjflznf] cfwf/ /]vfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

;'/Iff dfkb08;'/Iff dfkb08;'/Iff dfkb08;'/Iff dfkb08 (Safeguard Standard):

/]8Kn; sfo{qmdaf6 :yfgLo:t/df ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'a} lsl;dsf k|efjx¿ kg{ ;S5g\ . ;d'bfodf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx¿n] sfof{Gjog If]qsf] jftfj/0fdf Iflt k'Ug ;S5 jf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g / clwsf/df c;/ k'Ug ;S5 . o; ;Gbe{df :yfgLo :t/df kg]{ tL ;sf/fTds k|efjsf] a9fjf / gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg clwsf/ ;'/Iffx¿sf nflu ljsf; ul/Psf dfkb08x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff dfkb08 (Safeguard

Standard) elgG5 .

dfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0fdfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0fdfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0fdfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f (Measurement, Reporting and Verification- MRV)M+ jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0f tyf To;sf] kmn:j¿k x'g] sfa{g pT;h{gsf] cfwf/ /]vf to ug{ tyf cfwf/ /]vfsf] t'ngfdf ljleGg ;dofGt/df cfpg] kl/jt{g dfkg ug{ cfjZos tYofÍ ;Íng Pj+ ljZn]if0f ug]{, To;sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ tyf :jtGq t];|f] kIfåf/f To;nfO{ k|df0fLs/0f÷;Tofkg u/fpg] ;du| k|lqmofnfO{ hgfpgsf] nflu of] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . sfa{g Jofkf/ kl/of]hgfsf] nflu :jLs[t k|:tfj cg';f/ sfo{ eP gePsf] af/]df s'g} klg dfGotf k|fKt t];|f] kIfaf6 k|dfl0ft ug]{ cyf{t ;Totf hfFr ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|df0fLs/0f÷;Tofkg elgG5 .

28

efu @

g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn;g]kfndf /]8Kn; OG8f]g]lzofsf] jfnLdf ;DkGg UNFCCC ;Da4 /fi6x?sf] !# cf}+ ;Dd]ng -COP 13, ;g @))&_ b]lv g} g]kfn /]8Kn;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;df ;lqmo ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!) df jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu /]8sf] k"j{tof/L k|:tfj (R-PP) tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] k|:tfj g} g]kfndf /]8Kn; /0fgLltsf] ljsf;sf nflu dfu{bz{s b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; tyf sf{ofGjog\sf] tof/Lsf nflu ljZj j}+s /

UN-REDD h:tf ;+:yfx?jf6 g]kfndf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]udf g]kfnn] /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf lqmofsnfkx? ;Grfng ul//x]sf] 5 . h;cGt{ut ljleGg lsl;dsf cWoogx? h:t} nfef+z jf+8kmf+8 tyf ;+fu7flgs ljsf;, jg ljgf; / IfoLs/0fsf sf/s tTj, sfj{g dflysf] clwsf/ / u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ k|0fnLsf] ljsf; (Drivers of

Deforestation and Forest Degradation, Carbon Rights, Grievences Redress Mechanism -

GRM) cflb kb{5g\ . To;}ul/ /]8Kn; /0fgLlt tof/L, dfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f (MRV)

k|0fnLsf] ljsf; tof/L, sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /]vf (REL) nufot ;j} s[ofsnfkx? /]8Kn; tof/L (REDD+ readiness) cGt{ut k{b5g .

o; v08df g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf, Ifdtf, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL ;d]tsf ljifox? dfly 5nkmn / k|Zt'tL ul/g] 5 .

clek|foclek|foclek|foclek|fo g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf] cfjZostf, xfn;Ddsf] cj:yf, ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLsf ljifodf ;xeflux?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] . o; v08df lgDg ;qx? /xg]5g . != g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L . @ / #= g]kfndf /]8 sfo{fGjogsf ;Defjgf / r"gf}tLx? . $= g]kfndf /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsf ;Defljt df]8nx? . % / ^= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos k|fljlws tyf ;+u7gfTds\ Ifdtf . &= g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? . *= g]kfndf /]8Kn; / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ;jfn .

29

efu @

;q ! M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfo;q ! M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfo;q ! M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfo;q ! M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L f{Gjogsf] tof/L f{Gjogsf] tof/L f{Gjogsf] tof/L

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro ;g\ @)!) df jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon] g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu /]8sf] k"j{tof/L k|:tfj (R-PP) tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] k|:tfj g} g]kfndf /]8Kn; /0fgLltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu dfu{bz{s b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;f] k|:tfjn] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o tyf If]qLo÷e"–kl/lw (Sub-national) txsf] ;d]t u/L ldl>t / ax';/f]sf/jfnf ;+/rgfsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . sfa{g dfkg, clen]v / k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu sfa{g pT;h{g tyf ;l~rltsf] cfwf/ /]vf -cj:yf_ cfjZos x'g] ePsf]n] ;f] cfwf/df pT;h{g, ;l~rlt / tYofª\s Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg, k|]if0f k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ ;o+Gqsf] ljsf; ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; tyf sf{ofGjogsf] tof/Lsf nflu ljZj j}+s / UN-REDD h:tf ;+:yfx?jf6 g]kfndf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]udf g]kfnn] /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o; ;qdf g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] tof/Lsf nflu xfn ;Dd ul/Psf / ug'{ kg{] lqmofsnfksf af/]df k|Zt'tL tyf 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

p2]Zox?p2]Zox?p2]Zox?p2]Zox? o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 .


ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M • dlitis dGyg • ;d"x 5nkmn • k|Zgf]Q/

cfjZos ;fdfu|L M cfjZos ;fdfu|L M cfjZos ;fdfu|L M cfjZos ;fdfu|L M • g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;qmd • g]kfndf /]8Kn; ;DalGw ePsf ultljlwx? • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k, d]6fsf8{

30

;q ;+rfng ;q ;+rfng ;q ;+rfng ;q ;+rfng s[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfk MMMM

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, / ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=!=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;sf nflu ePsf sfdx?sf] ;'rL tof/ ug{ ;d"xut ?kdf nufpg'xf]; . 3= ;a} ;d"xjf6 k|fKt ;"rLx? dffly 5nkmn ub}{ /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;df g]kfnsf] ;DnUgtf slxn] b]lv /

s;/L x'b}+ cfPsf] 5 eGg] laifodf k|:t'tL ug{'xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=!=@_ 4= g]kfn /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf] s'g r/0fdf 5 eGg] ljifodf k|Zgf]Q/ ;lxt 5nkmn u{g'xf]; . 5= /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu ul/Psf cWoog tyf cGo lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljifodf ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L

@=!=# sf] ;xfotfdf k|i6 kf{g'xf]; . 6= ;qsf] ;f/f+z k|Zt't ub}{ ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f ;fdfu|Lx?s/0f ;fdfu|Lx?s/0f ;fdfu|Lx?s/0f ;fdfu|Lx?

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=!=@@=!=@@=!=@@=!=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/L g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/L g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/L g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/L / / / / ljsf;qmdljsf;qmdljsf;qmdljsf;qmd ldltldltldltldlt pknlAwxpknlAwxpknlAwxpknlAwx¿

;g\ @))$ • ;fd'bflos jgsf] rf}yf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf Sof]6f] cle;lGw cGtu{tsf] :jR5 ljsf; ;+oGq (CDM) g]kfnsf] ;fd'bflos jg nuotsf cGo jg Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df cg'ko'Qm ePsf] larf/ JoQm .

;g\ @))& • O08f]g]l;ofsf] afnLdf ePsf] /]8 ;DaGwL jftf{ / To; kl5sf /]8Kn; ;DaGwL jftf{x¿df g]kfn ;/sf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf] lg/Gt/ ;xeflutf .

;g\ @))* • g]kfnn] /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu ljZj a}+ssf] jg sfa{g ;fem]bf/L ;xof]u sfo{qmdaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ :jo+;]jLsf ¿kdf cjwf/0ff kq tof/L .

• /]8Kn; ;DaGwL ljifodf r]tgfd"ns /fli6«o uf]i7L / 5nkmnx¿sf] ;'?cft . • ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx¿åf/f /]8Kn;sf af/]df k/LIf0f kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ;'?cft . • g]kfnaf6 ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf k|ltlglwx¿ /]8Kn; ;DaGwL jftf{

jf 5nkmndf efu lng hfg] qmddf j[l4 . ;g\ @))( • /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu k"j{tof/L k|:tfjgf (R-PP) tof/L / o;sf nflu

ljleGg txsf k/fdz{x¿sf] cfof]hgf . • /]8Kn; ;DaGwL ;r]tgf / Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ;'?cft . • sf]k]gx]ugdf cfof]lht hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf] cjwf/0ff ljsf;

ug{sf nflu sfnfkTy/df dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7s . • ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff ljsf;sf

nflu Jokfs ¿kdf 5nkmn, ;+jfb cflb . • /]8Kn;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] /]8–km/]:6«L tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfOsf]

:yfkgf / cGo ;+:yfut ;+/rgfx¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o . • gj]{ ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf uf]/vf, lrtjg / bf]nvfdf ;fd'bflos jgdf

/]8Kn;sf] nfefFz ljt/0f ;DjGwL # aif]{ kl/If0f (Pilot Project) kl/of]hgf

31

nfu" ;g\ @)!) • /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf nflu g]kfnn] tof/ u/]sf] k"j{tof/L k|:tfjgf

/fli6«o:t/af6 kfl/t . • ljZj a}+saf6 g]kfnsf] /]8Kn; ;DaGwL k"j{tof/L k|:tfjgf kfl/t ePkl5

/]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf sfddf tLa|tf . • /]8Kn;sf] k/LIf0fsf nflu gj]{, cd]l/sf, a]nfot, :jL6\h/Nof08, lkmgNof08,

hfkfg nufotsf d'n'såf/f ;xof]u ug{ ;'?cft . • /]8Kn; cflbjf;L hghflt / gful/s ;~hfnsf] :yfkgf .

;g\ @)!! • /]8Kn;sf] kl/If0fsf nflu ;~rflnt kl/of]hgfsf glthfx¿af/] 5nkmn z'?cft .

• /]8Kn;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tYo tYofª\sx¿sf] tof/Lsf nflu cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] z'?cft .

• /]8Kn;sf] k"j{tof/L k|:tfjgfdf k|:tfj ul/Psf ljifox¿df cWoogsf] z'?cft

• jg sfa{g dfkg dfu{bz{gsf] ljsf; . ;g\ @)!@ • /]8Kn;sf] ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08sf] ljsf; .

• /]8Kn;sf] k|fljlws ljifodf cfjZos kg]{ ljifox¿sf] cWoog / ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; .

• e" kl/lw tx(Lanscape Level) df /]8Kn;sf] k/LIf0fsf nflu tof/Lsf] z'?cft .

• /fli6«o /]8Kn; /0fgLlt (REDD+ Strategy) tof/Lsf nflu vfsf ljsf; / 5nkmn tyf k/fdz{x¿sf] z'?cft .

;g\ @)!# • t/fO{ e" kl/wL If]qsf nflu pT;h{g s6f}tL sfo{qmd cjwf/0ff kq (ER-PIN)

tof/ ul/ ljZj j}s df :jLs[[ltsf nflu k]z . • ljZj j}ssf] ;xof]udf /]8Kn; tof/Lsf nflu cfjZos /]8Kn; /0fgLlt

tof/L, dfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f (MRV) k|0fnLsf] ljsf; tof/L, sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /]vf (REL) cflb ljifodf cWoogsf] z'?jft .

;g\ @)!$ • ;g\ @)!# df ;'? ul/Psf dfyL pNn]lvt ;d]t yk /]8Kn; /0fgLlt tof/L, nfef+z ljt/0f k|0ffnL nufotsf ljifodf cWoog hf/L .

;g\ @)!% • t/fO{ e" kl/wL If]qsf nflu pT;h{g s6f}tL sfo{qmd (Emmission

Reduction Programme Document -ERPD) tof/ ug]{ k|lqmof z'? .

• dfyL pNn]lvt cWoogsf k|ltj]bgx? k|fKt . • /]8Kn; /0fgLlt / o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf /

cGo b:tfj]hx?sf] tof/L .

32

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=!=#M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Ldf ;dflji6 k|d"v kIf÷cËx? @=!=#M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Ldf ;dflji6 k|d"v kIf÷cËx? @=!=#M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Ldf ;dflji6 k|d"v kIf÷cËx? @=!=#M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] tof/Ldf ;dflji6 k|d"v kIf÷cËx? (Components) qm=;= kIf÷cËx? (Components) cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkx? (Activities)

!!!! gd"gf k|bz{gL / k|rf/ k|;f/ gd"gf kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog, uf]li7, tflnd, /]l8of] tyf l6 le af6 ;Gb]z k|zf/0f, ;8s gf6s cflb .

@@@@ Ifdtf ljsf; ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf tflndx? lbg], +;:yfut ljsf; ug]{ .

#### ;dGjo / kl/rfng ;a} vfn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xeflutfdf /]8Kn;sf] tof/L lqmofsnfkx? ug]{ .

$$$$ ;Defljt ;fdfflhs tyf cfly{s c;/ ;DalGw cWoog

5nkmn, cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg .

%%%% sfj{g pT;{hgsf] cfwf/ /]vf lg{df0f (FREL/FRL)

5nkmn, cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ cg'df]bg ug]{ .

^̂̂̂ dfkg, k|]if0f / k|dfl0fs/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;

5nkmn, cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ;"emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/ cg'df]bg ug]{ .

&&&& /]8Kn; /0fgLlt tof/ ug]{ ;a} vfn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;Fusf] ;dGjodf cWoog / cg';Gwfg ul/ /0fgLlt tof/ ul/ cg'df]bg ug]{ .

**** cGo ljljw kIfx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{ / /]8Kn; /0fgLltdf ;dflji6 ug]{ .

jg ljgf; / IfoLs/0fsf sf/s tTj, sfj{g dflysf] clwsf/ / u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, dfkg, k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, sf{jg pT;{hg cfwf/ /]vf, /]8Kn; /0fgLlt tof/L cflb .

33

efu @,

;q @ / # M;q @ / # M;q @ / # M;q @ / # M g]kfndf /]8g]kfndf /]8g]kfndf /]8g]kfndf /]8Kn;Kn;Kn;Kn; sfofsfofsfofsfof{{ {{Gjogsf ;Defjgf / rGjogsf ;Defjgf / rGjogsf ;Defjgf / rGjogsf ;Defjgf / r''''gf}tLx?gf}tLx?gf}tLx?gf}tLx?

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgf / r'gf]}tL b'j} 5g . /]8Kn;af6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] cfly{s nfesf ;fy} o;sf] sfof{Gjogn] jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u x'g] / b]zsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo ljsf; / lj:tf/ h:tf u}/sfj{g nfe÷;xnfedf ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . ;fy} /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}ltx? klg /x]sf 5g . k|d'v r'gf}ltx?df cfjZos gLlt tyf lgodsf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog, ljif]z1 Ifdtf, cfjZos ;+:yfut ;/rgfsf] sdL / ;dfhdf ljBdfg cfly{s, ;dflhs tyf n}+lus c;dfgtf cflb kb{5g . of] ;qdf g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgf, r'g}ltx?, o;af6 x'g ;Sg] kmfO{bfx? / ;Defljt gs/fTds c;/x?sf ljifodf 5nkmn x'g]5 .

p2p2p2p2]Zox¿]Zox¿]Zox¿]Zox¿MMMM o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgfsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . • g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}tLsf]] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . • /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] kmfObfsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . • /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] j]kmfObfsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . • g]kfndf jgljgf;÷IfoLs/0fsf slDtdf ( sf/0f jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • g]kfndf jg ljgf; tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf sf/0fx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ slDtdf % pkfox?

jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • g]kfndf jg ljgf; tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf sf/0fx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ pkfox?sf]

k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ slDtdf & cfwf/ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M #= % 306f

ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M • 8fod08 ¥ofËlsË • ;d"x 5nkmn • k|:t'lt

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M • g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defjgfx? • g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}tLx? • jg ljgf; / jg IfoLs/0f • g]kfnsf] e"–pkof]u / jg ljgf; tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf] cj:yf • e"–pkof]u kl/jt{g, !((!–@))! -xhf/ x]S6/df_

34

• g]kfndf jg ljgf; tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fx? • ;d:of ?v • g]kfndf jg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ pkfox? • g]kfndf jg ljgf; tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fx? ;Daf]wg ug]{ pkfox?sf]

k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/x? • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k, d]6fsf8{

35

;q ;~rfng ;q ;~rfng ;q ;~rfng ;q ;~rfng s[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg]

ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= k|To]s ;xefuLnfO{nfO{ g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] ;Defjgf lsg 5 eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/

d]6fsf8{df n]Vg nufpg'xf]; / d]6fsf8{x?nfO{ af]8{df 6+f:g'xf]; . 3= ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf a+'bfx? / ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ sf] k|of]u u/L g]kfndf

/]8Kn;sf ;Defjgfx?nfO{ a'+bfut ?kdf k|Zt't ug'{xf]; . 4= ;xefuLx?nfO{ # jf $ ;d"xdf afF8L g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogdf s] s:tf r'gf}ltx?

5g eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ d]6fsf8{df n]Vg nufpg'xf]; / d]6fsf8{x?nfO{ af]8{df 6+f:g'xf]; . 5= ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf a+'bfx? / ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=# sf] k|of]u u/L g]kfndf

/]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogsf r'gf}ltx? a'+bfut ?kdf k|Zt't ug'{xf]; . 6= jg ljgf; tyf IfoLs/0fnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf k|Zt't ub}{ ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L

@=@=$ -s_ b]lv -8=_ sf] pkof]u ul/ lgDg cg';f/ ug'{xf]; . 7= jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0f aLr s] leGgtf 5 egL ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|Zg ug'{xf]; /

cfPsf pQ/x¿ a|fpgl;6df l6Kg'xf]; . jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] kf]:6/ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$-s_ k|:t't ug'{xf]; . k|fKt pQ/x¿nfO{ kf]:6/;Fu hf]8\b} tL b'O{ aLrsf] km/s k|i6\ofpg'xf]; .

8= g]kfndf xfnsf] e"–pkof]u cj:yf, o;sf] kl/jt{gsf] cfFs8f, jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/sf] cj:yfsf] kl/b[Zo -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$-v_ ;+lIfKtdf k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

9= k|To]s ;xefuLnfO{ g]kfndf jg ljgfzsf] d'Vo b'O{ sf/0fx¿ 5'6\6f 5'6\6} d]6f sf8{df n]Vg nufpg'xf]; . ;ª\slnt d]6f sf8{nfO{ 8fOdG8 ¥ofª\lsª\u ljlwaf6 ljleGg ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L d'Vo d'Vo sf/0fsf] ju{ 5'6\ofpg'xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$ -u_ . d'Vo sf/0f dWo] % j6f sf/0fx¿ ljZn]if0fsf nflu 5fGg'xf]; .

10= k|To]s sf/0fx¿sf] d'Vo sf/sx¿ kQf nufpg ;d:of a[If ljZn]if0f (Problem Tree

Analysis) ljlwaf/] 5nkmn rnfO{ s;/L ug]{ eGg] pbfx/0f ;lxt k|i6 kfg'{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$+-3_ .

11= ca ;xefuLx¿nfO{ n}ª\lus tyf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ldl>t ;d"x agfpg'xf]; . k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps Ps j6f sf/0f tf]sL To;sf] ;d:of a[If ljZn]if0f åf/f d'Vo sf/sx¿ tyf To;sf ;dfwfgsf ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$ -8=_ tof/ ug{ 5nkmnsf nflu;do k|bfg ug'{xf]; . ;d"x sfo{ ;lsP kl5 k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfˆgf] ljZn]if0fsf] glthf k|:t't ug{ nufO{ To;df 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; .

12= ;xefuLx¿n] klxrfg u/]sf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿nfO{ s] s] cfwf/df k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5, ;f] af/] Kn]g/Ldf 5nkmn rnfO{ ;"rL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=$ -r+_ tof/ ug'{xf]; . 5nkmnaf6 tL cfwf/x¿ k|of]u u/L k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ Pp6f pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{xf]; / cf–cfˆgf] ;d"xdf cfkm"n]] klxrfg u/]sf ;dfwfgsf pkfx¿nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

13= ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/ g]kfndf /]8Kn;jf6 x'g ;Sg] kmfObf tyf j]kmfObfx? a'+bfut ?kdf n]Vg nufpg'xf]; .

36

14= ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf a+'bfx? / ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ / @=@=# ;d]tsf] k|of]u u/L g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogsf kmfObf tyf j]kmfObfx?sf] a'+bf tof/ ug'{xf]; / 5nkmn ug'{xf]; .

15= /]8Kn;sf] sfo{Gjogaf6 x'g ;Sg] kmfObfnfO{ a9fpg] / gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug{ ;Sg] pkfox? 5nkmnsf dfWodaf6 a'+bfut ?kdf n]Vg'xf]; / ;qsf] cGTo ug'{xf]; .

16= 5nkmn ePsf laifodf p2]Zo k'/f eP gePsf] k/LIf0f ug'{xf]; . 17= ;f/f+z ;lxt ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

37

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@=!=!=!=! ;q ;;q ;;q ;;q ;'?'?'?'?ccccft a|fpg l;6ft a|fpg l;6ft a|fpg l;6ft a|fpg l;6

;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox? M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gf{Gf{Gf{Gjogsf ;Defjgfx?jogsf ;Defjgfx?jogsf ;Defjgfx?jogsf ;Defjgfx? • /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;sf cGt/f{li6«o jftf{x?df g]kfnsf] ;lqmo / lg/Gt/ ;xeflutfn]

g]kfndf o;sf] ;Defjgf a9fPsf] 5 . • :yfgLo :t/ ;Dddf jg pkef]tmf ;d"xx?sf] ;lqmotf / ;~hfn ;lqmo /xg' . • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjog tof/Ldf b]lvPsf] k|utL / cnUu} ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; . • jg If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjo, ;lqmotf / Ifdtf clej[l4 . • bft[ lgsfox?af6 /]8Kn; tof/L sfo{Gjogdf lg/Gt/ e}/x]sf] ;xof]u . • :yfgLo :t/df /]8Kn;af6 kmfO{bf x'G5 eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; . • $) k|ltzt If]q jgdf sfod ug]{ /li6«o gLlt .

;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=# g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=# g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=# g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof;xhls/0f ;fdfu|L @=@=# g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{G{G{G{Gjogsf r'gf}ltx?jogsf r'gf}ltx?jogsf r'gf}ltx?jogsf r'gf}ltx? • /]8Kn; /0fgLlt / cGo cfjZos dfkb08x?sf] tof/Ldf b]lvPsf l9nfO{ / hl6ntf . • ;fgf ;fgf / 5l/P/ /x]sf jg If]q / ef}uf]lns ljs6tf . • dfkg, k|]if0f / k|dfl0fs/0f k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut

Ifdtfsf] ck]Iffs[t ljsf; gx'g' . • ;/f]sf/jfnfx?, vf;u/L :yflgo ;d'bfodf /]8Kn; ;DaGwL ljljw t/ ck"0f{ a'emfO{ /

unt ;Gb]zx? k|jfx x'g' . • jg ;+/If0f / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw ;Fu ufFl;Psf jg

ljgf; / jg IfoLs/0fsf ljljw sf/0fx?sf] kof{Kt ljZn]if0f / of]hgf gx'g' . • sfj{g :yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6 sf ;jfnx? • gLltut cl:y/tf / :yfloTjsf (Permanence) ;jfnx? .

• jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx?df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? .

38

;xh;xh;xh;xhLLLLs/0f s/0f s/0f s/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@====$ $ $ $ ----s_ s_ s_ s_ jg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0fjg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0fjg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0fjg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0f

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@====$ $ $ $ ----v_v_v_v_ g]kfndf e"g]kfndf e"g]kfndf e"g]kfndf e"––––pkof]u tyf jg pkof]u tyf jg pkof]u tyf jg pkof]u tyf jg ljgfzljgfzljgfzljgfz tyf jg Ifotyf jg Ifotyf jg Ifotyf jg IfoLLLLs/0fsf] cj:yfs/0fsf] cj:yfs/0fsf] cj:yfs/0fsf] cj:yf

• g]kfnsf] s'n e"ld dWo] sl/j !$ k|ltzt t/fO{, !# k|ltzt r'l/of, #) k|ltzt kxf8, @) k|ltzt pRr kxf8 / @# k|ltzt lxdfnL If]qn] cf]u6]sf]] 5 .g]kfnL e"–efu d'VotM % lsl;dsf e"–pkof]u -jg tyf a'6\ofg, s[lif e"ld, r§fg tyf lx+p 3fF;] d}bfg / cGo_ df alu{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefu -;g\ @))*_ cg';f/ g]kfnsf] jghª\un cGo e"–pkof]udf lg/Gt/ kl/0ft eO/x]sf] .

• ljut !) jif{sf] cfFs8f x]bf{ jg If]q jflif{s !=& k|ltztsf b/n] cGo pkof]udf kl/jt{g x'Fb} uO/x]sf], vf;u/L jg If]qx¿ emf8Lbf/ jgdf ¿kfGtl/t eO/x]sf / jg If]q -emf8L ;d]t_ s[lif e"lddf kl/0ft x'g] qmd hf/L .

• clxn]sf] cj:yfdf jg P]g @)$( / jg lgodfjnL @)%! cg';f/ g]kfnsf] jg Joj:yfkg k4ltnfO{ d'VotM ;fd'bflos jg, sa'lnotL jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg, ;+/lIft jg tyf lghL jg u/L ljljw k|sf/df afFl8Psf] / ;f]xL cg'¿k Joj:yfkg ul/F+b} cfPsf] .

39

tflnsf !M e"tflnsf !M e"tflnsf !M e"tflnsf !M e"––––pkof]u kl/jt{g, !((!pkof]u kl/jt{g, !((!pkof]u kl/jt{g, !((!pkof]u kl/jt{g, !((!––––@))! @))! @))! @))! ----xhf/ x]S6/df_xhf/ x]S6/df_xhf/ x]S6/df_xhf/ x]S6/df_

e"–pkof]u

;g\ !((! / !((@ ;g\ @))! /@))@

kl/jt{g Jfflif{s

kl/jt{g b/ k|ltztdf_ lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ hDdfhDdfhDdfhDdf lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ hDdfhDdfhDdfhDdf

Vf]tL ul/Psf] 208 1,722 1,039 2,969 211 1,798 1,082 3,091 -123 0.4

afFemf] 495 436 56 987 517 449 65 1,031 -44 0.4

jg If]q 233 4,436 1,159 5,828 228 2,891 1,149 4,268 -1,560 2.7

Efmf8L If]q 138 512 39 689 168 1,254 138 1,560 -872 12.7

3fF;] d}bfg 133 1,589 35 1,757 138 1,592 36 1,766 -9 0.1

cGo 797 1,668 25 2,490 946 2,025 31 3,002 - 513 2.1

hDdfhDdfhDdfhDdf 2,0042,0042,0042,004 10,36310,36310,36310,363 2,3532,3532,3532,353 14,71814,71814,71814,718 2,2082,2082,2082,208 10,00910,00910,00910,009 2,5012,5012,5012,501 14,71814,71814,71814,718 0000 0000

;|f]t M s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefu, @))*, g]kfnsf] jftfj/0fLo tYofª\s

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@=$=$=$=$ ----u_u_u_u_ g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg ljgfzljgfzljgfzljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fxtyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fxtyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fxtyf jg IfoLs/0fsf ;Defljt sf/0fx¿¿¿¿ • jg tyf jg k}bfjf/x¿ / cGo u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x¿df a9L lge{/tf • jg k}bfjf/x¿sf] cj}w s6fg tyf ;ª\sng, • cj}1flgs ?v s6fgL k|0ffnL • jg 89]nf] tyf cfunfuL, • jg cltqmd0f, • cTolws rl/r/g • ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;, • k'gaf{;, • ldrfxf k|hfltsf] cltqmd0f

40

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@=$=$=$=$ ----3_3_3_3_ ;d:of a[If ;d:of a[If ;d:of a[If ;d:of a[If (Problem tree)

jg ljgfzjg ljgfzjg ljgfzjg ljgfz

jgsf] x}l;otdf jgsf] x}l;otdf jgsf] x}l;otdf jgsf] x}l;otdf sdLsdLsdLsdL

e"e"e"e"––––IfoIfoIfoIfo

h}ljs ljljwtfdf h}ljs ljljwtfdf h}ljs ljljwtfdf h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f;x|f;x|f;x|f;

pTkfbsTjdf pTkfbsTjdf pTkfbsTjdf pTkfbsTjdf x|f;x|f;x|f;x|f;

k|ek|ek|ek|efjfjfjfj

jg 89]nf]jg 89]nf]jg 89]nf]jg 89]nf] cltqmd0fcltqmd0fcltqmd0fcltqmd0f r/Lr/r/Lr/r/Lr/r/Lr/gggg rf]/L rf]/L rf]/L rf]/L lgsf;Llgsf;Llgsf;Llgsf;L

� vf]l/of km8fgLvf]l/of km8fgLvf]l/of km8fgLvf]l/of km8fgL � uf]n kf]Ng]uf]n kf]Ng]uf]n kf]Ng]uf]n kf]Ng] � hl8a'6L ;+snghl8a'6L ;+snghl8a'6L ;+snghl8a'6L ;+sng � s[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dn

s[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dns[[lifsf] nflu dn

� /f;olgs dnsf] d"No j[l4/f;olgs dnsf] d"No j[l4/f;olgs dnsf] d"No j[l4/f;olgs dnsf] d"No j[l4 � j}slNks dnsf]j}slNks dnsf]j}slNks dnsf]j}slNks dnsf] cefjcefjcefjcefj

� h}ljs dnsf] k|of]u Go"gh}ljs dnsf] k|of]u Go"gh}ljs dnsf] k|of]u Go"gh}ljs dnsf] k|of]u Go"g

• cfly{s >f]t sdLcfly{s >f]t sdLcfly{s >f]t sdLcfly{s >f]t sdL

•

c;/c;/c;/c;/

41

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;f;f;f;fdfu|L dfu|L dfu|L dfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@====$ $ $ $ ----8+_ 8+_ 8+_ 8+_ g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg ljgfzljgfzljgfzljgfz //// IfoLs/0fsf sf/0f ;DIfoLs/0fsf sf/0f ;DIfoLs/0fsf sf/0f ;DIfoLs/0fsf sf/0f ;Daaaaf]wg ug]{ pkfof]wg ug]{ pkfof]wg ug]{ pkfof]wg ug]{ pkfo • jg Joj:yfkg ug{ nufgLdf j[l4 • ;/n / Jofjxfl/s k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / j}slNks pkfosf] k|j4{g • zf;sLo Joj:yf jf gLltut ;'wf/ • cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf ahf/ Joj:yf • jgsf] j}1flgs tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkgsf] ;xL ;lDd>0f cflb

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=@@@@====$ $ $ $ ----r_ r_ r_ r_ g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg g]kfndf jg ljgfzljgfzljgfzljgfz //// IfoLs/0fsf sf/0fxIfoLs/0fsf sf/0fxIfoLs/0fsf sf/0fxIfoLs/0fsf sf/0fx¿¿¿¿ ;D;D;D;Daaaaf]wg ug]{ f]wg ug]{ f]wg ug]{ f]wg ug]{ pkfoxpkfoxpkfoxpkfox¿¿¿¿sf] k|fyldssf] k|fyldssf] k|fyldssf] k|fyldsLLLLs/0fsf cfwf/xs/0fsf cfwf/xs/0fsf cfwf/xs/0fsf cfwf/x¿¿¿¿

• k|fljlws kIf

• cfly{s kIf

• Jofjxfl/s kIf

• ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts kIf

• sfg"gL kIf

• jftfj/0fLo tyf h}ljs kIf

42

efu @

;q $ M g]kfndf /]8sfo;q $ M g]kfndf /]8sfo;q $ M g]kfndf /]8sfo;q $ M g]kfndf /]8sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx?f{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx?f{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx?f{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx?

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/roM of] ;qdf g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt df]8nx?sf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g] 5 . efu ! df ul/Psf] 5nkmnaf6 ;xefuLn] /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsf ;Defljt df]8nsf ljifodf 5f]6f] hfgsf/L kfO{;s]sf 5g\ . o; ;qdf g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf, jg If]qsf] cjl:ytL, Joj:yfkgsf ;+u7flgs 9f+rf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f] ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf /flv g]kfndf s:tf k|sf/sf kl/of]hgfx? nfu" ug'{ pko'Qm xf]nf egL ;xeflutfd'ns 5nkmn ul/g] 5 .

p2]Zop2]Zop2]Zop2]Zo o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?M

• g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;Defljt # df]8nx?sf gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • ;Defljt # j6f df]8nx?sf ;Defjgf÷r'gf}tLsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

;doM;doM;doM;doM ! 306f

ljlwx?M ljlwx?M ljlwx?M ljlwx?M • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • k|:t'lt

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M • ;Defljt df]8]nsf] lrq • ;Defljt df]8]nsf ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k, d]6fsf8{

43

;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng s[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfk

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] p2]Zo, k[i7e"ld, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L -@=$=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= cl3Nnf ;qdf ul/Psf] 5nkmnsf] ;+:d/0f u/fpFb} /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf ljleGg df]8nx? / ltgsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu pko'Qm x'g ;Sg] ;fdflhs tyf ef}uf]lns jftfj/0fsf ljifodf ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ sf]] k|of]u ul/ k|i6 kfg{'xf]; .

3= ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug'{xf]; / g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbFb} s] s:tf df]8]nx? sfo{Gjogdf cfpg ;S5g 5nkmn u/L sf/0f ;lxt df]8nx?sf] gSzf jgfpg nufpg'xf]; / ;d'xut k|:t'tL ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

4= ;xefuLx?sf] k|:t'tLnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} g]kfndf ;Defljt /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsf df]8]nx?sf ljifodf 5nkmn ug'{xf]; .

5= leGg df]8nsf /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfx? / g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{ hf]8\b} ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg"{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=#_

6= 5nkmnsf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ug'{xf];

7= p2]Zo k'/f eP gePsf] df}lvs k/LIf0f ug'{xf]; .

8= ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf];

44

;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx;xhLs/0f ;fdu|Lx¿¿¿¿ ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=$=!@=$=!@=$=!@=$=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6 ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ /]8Kn;/]8Kn;/]8Kn;/]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsfkl/of]hgfsfkl/of]hgfsfkl/of]hgfsf df]8]nx? df]8]nx? df]8]nx? df]8]nx? /]8Kn;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljif]z1x?n] /]8Kn; kl/of]hgf nfu" x'g] :yfgsf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0Lfo cj:yfsf] cfwf/df 5gf]6 ug{ ;lsg] u/L /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfsf df]8]nx? k|:tfj u/]sf 5g . ljleGg cEof;sf cfwf/df lgDg cg';f/sf df]8]nx? sfof{Gjog x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsf 5g .

!= /fli6!= /fli6!= /fli6!= /fli6«« ««o o o o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf :t/sf] kl/of]hgf :t/sf] kl/of]hgf :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8df]8df]8df]8]] ]]nnnn (National Level Project Model)

of] df]8]ndf /]8Kn;sf lqmofknfkx? b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ efudf nfu" ul/G5 . /fHon] lglZrt /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L ;Dk"0f{ b]z e/sf] jg If]q /]8Kn; kl/of]hgf cGt{ut Joj:yfkg ub{5 / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df nfef+z jf8kmfF8 ul/G5 . ;Dk"0f{ /fHo g} /]8Kn; kl/of]hgf x'G5 / kl/of]hgfaf6 x'g] kmfO{bf afF8kmfF8sf nflu lglZrt ;+oGq / of]hgfx? agfOPsf] x'G5 .

@= pk@= pk@= pk@= pk/fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8]n/fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8]n/fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8]n/fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8]n (Sub-National Level Project Model) of] df]8n cGt{ut /]8Kn;sf lqmofsnfkx?

s'g} lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf dfq nfu" ul/G5 / o:tf kl/of]hgfx? ;/sf/ cfkm} jf lglZrt\ JoQmL, ;d"x, tyf u}x|;/sf/L ;:yfx?n] ;+rfng ug{ ;Sb5g\ / tLlgx?sf] kx'Fr ;f]em} cGt/f{li6«o sfj{g jhf/ tyf bft[ lgsfox?;Dd x'G5 / tLlgx?n] ;f]em} ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sb5g . o:tf] df]8]nnfO{ kl/of]hgf :t/sf] df]8]n klg elgG5 .

++ ++#= ;#= ;#= ;#= ;++++o'o'o'o'QmQmQmQm df]8]n df]8]n df]8]n df]8]n (Nested Model)

;o'Qm df]8]n h;nfO{ Nested Model/Approach klg elgG5, h; cGtu{t /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] clwgdf /xL pk/fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf df]8]n sf w]/} kl/of]hgfx? ;~rfng ul/G5 . To:tf kl/of]hgf x?sf] cGt/f{li6«o sf{jg ahf/ / bft[ lgsfo ;Fu ;f]em} kFx'r eP klg /fHosf] ;NNffx / ;xdtLdf dfq nfu" x'g ;Sb5 . kl/ofhgf :t/sf /]8Kn; sfo{qmdx? ;kmn x'Fb} uP eg] /fHo :t/sf] Pp6} 5ftf gLlt (Umbrella Policy) cGt{ut cg]s :jfoQ kl/of]hgfx? ;~rflnt x'G5g . oxfFsf] lrqdf plNnlvt ltg} lsl;dsf kl/of]hgf df]8]nx? b]vfOPsf] 5 .

45

;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=# M ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=# M ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=# M ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=# M g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df leGgg]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df leGgg]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df leGgg]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df leGg df]8nsf df]8nsf df]8nsf df]8nsf kl/of]hgfx?sfkl/of]hgfx?sfkl/of]hgfx?sfkl/of]hgfx?sf (Project) ;Defjgf / r"gf}ltx?;Defjgf / r"gf}ltx?;Defjgf / r"gf}ltx?;Defjgf / r"gf}ltx?

df]8]n ;Defjgf r'gf}lt /fli6«o /fli6«o /fli6«o /fli6«o :t/sf] :t/sf] :t/sf] :t/sf] kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf df]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]n

• /fHosf] gLlt cg';f/ ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg x'g] .

• nfef+z jf8kmfF8df /fHosf] lgodg x'g] x'gfn] ;a} If]q, ju{ / ;d"xsf] xs clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g] .

• ;a} vfn] jg If]qx? /]8Kn; sfo{qmd cGt{ut cfpg] .

• ;/sf/L sfddf x'g] l9nf;'l:t / r'xfj6sf sf/0f ;/f]sf/jfnf ;Dd plrt kmfObf k'Ug] sd ;Defjgf .

• ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ Gofof]lrt nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ k|0ffnL .

• cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f . • /]8Kn; z'/Iff gLlt nfu" ug{ .

pk/fli6«o pk/fli6«o pk/fli6«o pk/fli6«o :t/sf] :t/sf] :t/sf] :t/sf] kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf kl/of]hgf df]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]n

• :yfg ljz]if cg';f/sf kl/of]hgf x'g] x'gfn] k|efjsf/L x'g] .

• cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f nufot /]8Kn; z'/Iff gLlt nfu" ug{ ;xh .

• l9nf;'l:t sd x'g] / ;'zf;g sfod ePsf sf/0f ;/f]sf/jfnf ;Dd plrt kmfObf k'Ug] .

• /fli6o :jflwgtfsf] ;jfn . • /fHosf] gLlt ;+u jflemg ;Sg] . • sfj{g :yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6sf] ;Defjgf . • /fHosf] ;DnUgtf gx'bf :yfOTj

(Permanence) ;DjGwL ;jfn p7\g ;Sg] .

• gofF ;+u7g x'g] x'gfn] ;+rfng vr{ al9 nflu hg:t/df sd kmfObf x'g ;Sg] .

;+o'Qm ;+o'Qm ;+o'Qm ;+o'Qm df]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]ndf]8]n

• /fli6«o / pk/fli6«o :tl/o df]8]nsf sdL sdhf]/Lx? x6fO ;Defjgfx? j9fpg ;lsg] .

• g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgsf jgx? / ltgsf leGg vfn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f] ;d]tnfO{ plrt :yfg lbb}+ /fHosf] lgodgdf kl/of]hgfx? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] .

• /fHo / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLrdf clwsf/ tyf nfef+z jfF8kmfF8sf] ;xdtL ug{ sl7gfO{ kg{ ;Sg] .

46

efu @

;q % / ^ M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf;q % / ^ M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf;q % / ^ M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf;q % / ^ M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf÷kIf÷kIf÷kIf÷kIf

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro of] ;qdf g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtf÷kIfx? -k|fljlws, cfly{s, ;f+u7lgs_ sf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g] 5 . efu ! df ul/Psf] 5nkmnaf6 ;xefuLn] /]8Kn;sf k|fljlws ljifodf hfgsf/L kfO{;s]sf 5g . o; ;qdf tL k|fljlws ljifosf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfndf s] s:tf] Ifdtf -k|fljlws, cfly{s, ;f+u7lgs_ tyf tof/Lsf] cfjZos kb{5 egL ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmn ul/g] 5 .

p2]Zox?p2]Zox?p2]Zox?p2]Zox? o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? M M M M

• /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfx? sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ slDtdf & Ifdtf÷kIfx? atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

• /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf] ;f+u7lgs 9fFrfsf @ tx atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 -s]Gb| / lhNnf_ . • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb| / sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] aLrsf]

cGt/;DaGw sf]/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

;doM;doM;doM;doM # 306f

ljlwx?M ljlwx?M ljlwx?M ljlwx?M • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • ;d"x 5nkmn k|:t'lt

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljj/0f • g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|:tfljt ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb| / sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] aLrsf]

cGt/;DaGw

• jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefu cGtu{t cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f (MRV) zfvfsf] agf]6

• a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k, d]6fsf8{

47

;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng;q ;+rfng s[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;f] ;qsf] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg]

ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=%=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] s:tf] Ifdtfsf] cfjZos k5{ eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{

;xefuLx?nfO{ ;d"xdf 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf]; . o;f] ubf{ jt{dfg k|fljlws tyf ;f+u7lgs Ifdtfsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ sdL sdhf]/Lsf] ljZn]if0f (Gap Analysis) ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

3= ;d"x sfo{sf] lgisif{nfO{ k|:t't ug{ nufpg' xf]; / 5nkmn ug'{xf]; . 4= ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=%=@ sf] k|of]u ul/ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf k|d'v k|ljlws sf{ox?sf nflu

cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws tyf ;f+u7lgs Ifdtfsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf]; . 5= g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjog sf nflu k|:tfljt ;fFu7flgs 9fFrfsf ljifodf ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L

@=%=# sf] k|:t'tL ;lxt 5nkmn ug'{xf]; . 6= k|Zg pQ/sf] dfWodaf6 ;xefuLx?sf lh1fzfx? ;d]6\b} ;qsf] cGTo ug'{xf]; .

48

;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fdffffu|Lx¿u|Lx¿u|Lx¿u|Lx¿ ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L;fdfu|L;fdfu|L;fdfu|L @=%=!@=%=!@=%=!@=%=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6 ;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf;q of]hgf adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .adf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=%=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljj/0f@=%=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljj/0f@=%=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljj/0f@=%=@ /]8Kn; sf{ofGjogsf nflu cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljj/0f l;=g=l;=g=l;=g=l;=g= lqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfk k|fljlws Ifdtfk|fljlws Ifdtfk|fljlws Ifdtfk|fljlws Ifdtf ;f;f;f;f+u7lgs Ifdtf+u7lgs Ifdtf+u7lgs Ifdtf+u7lgs Ifdtf cGocGocGocGo ! sf{oqmd

ljsf; /]8Kn;sf] ljifout / sfg'gL 1fg, kl/ofhgf df]8]n, of]hgf t{h'df .

s]Gb |b]lv sfof{Gjog tx ;Dd lj:tf/ x'g' kg]{ .

;d:ofsf] klxrfg, ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L .

@ sf{oqmd sf{ofGjog

nlIft ju{ ;Dd k'¥ofpg] / cg'udg ug]{ .

sfof{Gjog txdf lhDj]af/L axg ug]{ .

;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGjo / ;fem]bf/L .

# cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f

• cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0fsf] cfwf/e't 1fg x'g' kg]{ .

• k|ltljDa ljZn]if0f (Image

Analysis) / GIS ;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk .

• /]8Kn; z"/Iff ;DaGwL hfgsf/L .

• jg/sfj{g dfkg .

• pT;h{g cfwf/ /]vf tyf sfj{g :yfgfGt/0f÷r'xfj6sf] hfgsf/L .

s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo :t/ ;Dd cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu lhDd]jf/ PsfO{ u7g ug'{ kg]{ .

u'0f:tl/o k|ltljDa (High Resolution

Imagery) sf] pknAwtf, cfly{s ;|]]ft, ;xeflutfd'ns ljlwsf] ljsf; cflb .

$ sf{jg dfkg IPCC sf dfu{bz{g tyf cEof;x? sf] hfgsf/L . sfj{g e08f/(Pool), h}ljs lk08 (Biomass) dfkg hldgdfly / hldg d'lgsf] sfj{g dfkg ljlw, cflb .

:yfgLo ;d"xsf k|ltlglw / lhNnf jg sfof{nodf cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f x]g]{ sd{rf/L / zfvfsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .

;xeflutfd"ns ljlwsf] ljsf; .

% Remote

Sensing /GIS s]Gb|b]lv lhNnf:t/df Remote Sensing Data sf] ljZn]if0f Analysis ug]{ / e" pkof]u gS;fÍg ug]{ .

cg'udg k|]if0f / k|df0fLs/0f zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx? .

;xeflutfd"ns GIS sf] ljsf; .

^ gLlt lgod /]8Kn;;Fu ;DalGwt /fli6«o /]8Kn; sfo{qmddf jg jftfj/0f

49

sfof{Gjog tyf cGt/f{li6«o gLlt lgod tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjog k|lqmofsf] bvn .

;+nUg lh=j=sf, jg ljefu, jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefu, tyf cGo lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx? .

nufot s[lif / :yfgLo ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt lgodx? .

& /]8Kn; z'/Iff

/]8Kn; z'/Iff l;4fGt:yfgLo tyf cflbjf;Lsf] ;/f]sf/sf ljifox? / ltgsf] Joj:yfkgsf gLlt tyf ljlwx?sf ljifodf bvn .

/]8Kn; sfo{qmddf ;+nUg lh=j=sf, jg ljefu, jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;j]{If0f ljefu, tyf cGo lgsfosf sd{rf/L tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? .

;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# ----s_ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo{Gjogsf nflu k|s_ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo{Gjogsf nflu k|s_ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo{Gjogsf nflu k|s_ g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo{Gjogsf nflu k|::::tfljt ;fFu7lgs ;+/rgftfljt ;fFu7lgs ;+/rgftfljt ;fFu7lgs ;+/rgftfljt ;fFu7lgs ;+/rgf

REDD+ Focal Office at RD Office

District REDD+ Program

management Unit

REDD+ Multistakeholder Forum DFSCC

District Alliance of REDD+

CSO & IPO

REDD Implementation Center REDD+ CSO & IPO Alliance

REDD+ Multi-stakeholder

Forum

REDD Working Group

Apex Body

Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation

District REDD Working

Group

;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# ----v_M v_M v_M v_M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg cGo cGo cGo cGo llllgsfo gsfo gsfo gsfo aLaLaLaLrsf] cGt/rsf] cGt/rsf] cGt/rsf] cGt/ ;DaGw;DaGw;DaGw;DaGw

;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# @=%=# ----u_ u_ u_ u_ jg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefu

v_M v_M v_M v_M /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg /]8Kn; sfo{fGjog s]Gb| / jg tyf e"tyf e"tyf e"tyf e"––––;+/If0f ;+/If0f ;+/If0f ;+/If0f dddd;DaGw;DaGw;DaGw;DaGw

jg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefujg cg';Gwfg ljefu cGt{ut cGt{ut cGt{ut cGt{ut MRV zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6

50

ddddGGGGqfno cGtuqfno cGtuqfno cGtuqfno cGtu{{{{t t t t

zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6zfvfsf] agf]6

51

efu @

;q & M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;q & M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;q & M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;q & M g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro of] ;qdf g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g] 5 . /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnf eGgfn] /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;, sfof{Gjog, nfef+z jfF8kmf8, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg h:tf lqmofsnfk ;~rfng k|lqmofdf ;DnUg /xg] clwsf/jfnfx?, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox? / k|efjdf kg]{ :yfgLo hg;d'bfox? eGg] a'lemG5 . of] ;qsf] 5nkmndf sf], lsg / s;/L /]8Kn;sf] ;/f]sf/jfnf x'g ;Sb5g eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn / k|:t'tL ul/g] 5 . of] ;q ;Grfngsf nflu ;xhstf{n] /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;a} r/0fx?df ;+nUg x'g] / ;/f]sf/ /xg] ;/f]sf/jfnfsf af/]df hfgsf/ x'g' h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu R-PP, ER-PIN, REDD Strategy nufot o; ;DaGwL cGo cWoog k|ltj]bgx?sf] hfgsf/ x'g' h?/L 5 . p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿ M

• g]kfnsf /]8Kn; ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ kf/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . • k|To]s ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] If]q klxrfg u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

;do;do;do;do MMMM ! MMMM #) 306f

ljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ Mljlwx¿ M • k|:t'lt • ;d"x sfo{ • rf6{ ljZn]if0f -36gf cWoog_

cfjZos ;fdfu|L cfjZos ;fdfu|L cfjZos ;fdfu|L cfjZos ;fdfu|L M M M M • g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? • a|fpgk]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng s[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfks[ofsnfk

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;f] ;qsf] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= ;/f]sf/jfnf / clwsf/jfnfsf] ljifodf 5nkmnaf6 :ki6 kfg'{xf]; . 3= clwNnf ;qx?sf 5nkmn / l;sfO{sf cfwf/df g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;Defljt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]

sf] x'g ;S5g / ltgsf] s:tf] ;+nUgtf tyf ;/f]sf/ x'g ;S5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ % hgfsf] Ps ;d'x x'g] ul/ ;d"xx? agfpg'xf]; .

4= k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ cfwf 306f ;do lbO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] gfd, ;/f]sf/sf sf/0f, ;+nUgtf cflb ljifodf a|fpg k]k/df n]lv x/]s ;d"xnfO{ k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

5= ;a} ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt kZrft ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=@ sf] k|of]u ul/ /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnf / ltgsf] ;/f]sf/sf af/]df k|i6 kfg{'xf]; .

6= ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf];

52

;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=!;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=!;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=!;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=&=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6

;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=&=@@=&=@@=&=@@=&=@ g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? l;=g= ;/f]sf/jfnf ;/f]sf/ lsg 5 < ;DnUgtf s:tf] x'g'k5{ < ! cflbjf;L

hghflt, :yfgLo ;d'bfo, dlxnf / blnt

• hLljsf]kf{hgsf nflu jg ;|]ft dflysf] lge{/tf .

• :yfgLo jg ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg / pkof]usf] k/Dk/fut (Customary)

;+nUgtf / clwsf/ . • ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnotL jg / ;fem]bf/L jg Joj:yfkgdf k|d'v e"ldsf .

• ;fF:s[lts tyf wfld{s kIf . • jftfj/0fLo ;]jf tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;jfn .

• /]8Kn;sf] tof/Lsf qmddf :jtGq, clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt x'g'kg]{ (FPIC) .

• /]8Kn;af6 kg{;Sg] c;/sf] n]vfhf]vf tyf nfef+z jfF8kmfF8df k|efjsf/L ;DnUgtf .

• gLlt lgdf{0f, Ifdtf ljsf;, cg"udg d"Nofªsg h:tf lqmofsnfkdf k|efjsf/L / ;dfg'kflts ;DnUgtf .

@ gful/s ;dfh

• :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] k}/jL ug{ .

• gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;'emfj lbg . • jg ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgaf6 :yfgLo ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .

• /]8Kn; ljsf; / sfof{Gjogsf] x/]s r/0f / :t/ -:yfgLo b]lv cGt/f{li6«o_ df gful/s ;dfhsf] ;lqmo / k|efjsf/L pkl:ytL .

# ;/sf/L lgsfo

• jg If]qsf gLlt lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkgsf] k|d'v lhDd]af/ lgsfo ePsf] x'gfn] .

• gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ / jg If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] k|d'v / lg0ff{os ;DnUgtf.

• cGt/f{li6«o :t/df b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ / /fli6«o :jfy{sf] ;/If0f ug{ .

$ u}x| ;/sf/L ;F:yf

• ;/sf/L lgsfo, :yfgLo ;d"x / gful/s ;dfhsf] Ifdtf ljsf; .

• gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u .

• ;xof]uL / ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf .

% bft[ lgsfo

• gLlt lgdf{0f / cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg .

• ;xof]uL / ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf .

53

efu @

;q * M ;q * M ;q * M ;q * M /]8Kn/]8Kn/]8Kn/]8Kn;df;df;df;df ;'/Iff;'/Iff;'/Iff;'/Iff l;2fGtl;2fGtl;2fGtl;2fGt (Safeguards)

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro /]8Kn; sfo{qmdaf6 :yfgLo :t/df ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'a} lsl;dsf k|efjx¿ kb{5g . ;d'bfodf kg]{ tL gsf/fTds k|efjx¿n] /]8Kn; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog If]qsf] jftfj/0fdf Iflt k'Ug ;S5 jf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g / clwsf/df c;/ k'Ug ;S5 . o; ;Gbe{df :yfgLo :t/df kg]{ tL ;sf/fTds k|efjsf] a9fjf / gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg clwsf/ ;'/Iffx¿sf dfkb08x¿ ljsf; ul/Psf 5g . o; ;qdf /]8Kn; ;'/Iff (Safeguard) eg]sf] s] xf], s] s:tf clwsf/ ;'/Iffsf dfkb08x¿ ljsf; ul/Psf 5g / ltgn] :yfgLo jftfjf/0f / ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf s:tf] e"ldsf v]Nb5 eGg] 5nkmn ul/g] 5 .

p2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• /]8Kn; ;'/Iff l;4fGtsf] cjwf/0ff atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • /]8Kn; ;'/Iffsf & l;4fGt (Cancun Safeguard Principles) atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

• /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08sf & l;4fGtx? atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdtL (Free, Prior information Consent-FPIC) sf] cjwf/0ff

jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • g]kfndf /]8Kn; ;'/Iffsfnflu ePsf sfdsf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .


ljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿M dlitis dGyg ;d"x 5nkmn / k|:t'lt k|Zgf]Q/

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M /]8Kn; ;'/Iffsf dfkb08 /]8Kn; ;'/Iff l;4fGt ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08 :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdtL :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdtL (FPIC) lng''kg]{ cj:yf a|fpgk]k/, d]6fsf8{, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

54

;q ;q ;q ;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;~rfng lqmofsnfk;~rfng lqmofsnfk;~rfng lqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/]

-;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=*=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= jg Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff eg]sf] s] xf] egL s]xL

;xefuLnfO{ k|Zg u/L 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; . ca pgLx¿af6 k|fKt wf/0ffx¿nfO{ a|fpg k]k/df ;+lIfKt ptfg'{xf]; / pQ/nfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L leQfdf 6f:g'xf]; . oL s'/fx¿ /]8Kn; sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ klg ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostfaf/] 5f]6f] 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; .

3= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿ a;]sf] oyf:yfgdf g} @÷@ hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ /]8Kn; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] clwsf/df s] s:tf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efj kg{ ;S5g eGg] ljifodf % ldg]6 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf]; . pgLx¿nfO{ To;kl5 % ldg]6 yk ;do k|bfg u/L cfkm"x¿n] 5nkmn u/]sf a'Fbfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfkLdf n]Vg nufO{ qmdzM !÷! j6f a'Fbfx¿ eGg nufpg'xf]; / tL a'Fbfx¿nfO{ 7"nf] k]k/df n]vL 6fF:g'xf]; .

4= ;xefuLn] klxrfg u/]sf o:tf ;sf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ yk alnof] agfpg / gsf/fTds k|efjx¿nfO{ 36fpgsf] nflu ;'/Iffsf s] s:tf dfkb08x¿ ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 eGg] af/]df tof/ u/]/ NofPsf] a|fpg k]k/ jf lkm\nk rf6{ æ/]8Kn;df ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iffsf cfwf/e"t dfkb08x¿Æ-;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L @=*=@ / @=*=#_ :ki6 kfg'{xf]; .

5= ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L @=*=$ sf] k|of]u ub}{ g]kfndf xfn ;Dd ul/Psf /]8Kn; z'/Iff ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx? k|i6 kfg'{xf]; .

6= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ :ki6 gePsf jf låljwf ePsf ljifodf k|Zg ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{xf];\ / cfPsf lh1f;fsf af/]df :ki6 kfg'{xf]; .

7= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf lgDg s'/fx¿sf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ub}{ ;qsf] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; . 8= p2]Zo k'/f eP gePsf] k/LIf0f ug{ lgDg k|Zgx? ;f]Wg] .

• /]8Kn; ;'/Iffsf dfkb08 s] s] x'g <

• /]8Kn; ;'/Iff l;4fGt s] s] x'g <

• ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08 s] s] x'g <

• :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdtL (Free, Prior information Consent-FPIC) sf a'+bfx? s] s] x'g <

• :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdtL FPIC lng''kg]{ cj:yf s] s] x'g < 9= ;q ;dfkg ug]{ .

55

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lu|Lu|Lu|Lxxxx¿

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=*=!@=*=!@=*=!@=*=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6

;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .

;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿¿¿¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=****=@=@=@=@ /]8Kn;df ;'/Iff dfkb08x¿/]8Kn;df ;'/Iff dfkb08x¿/]8Kn;df ;'/Iff dfkb08x¿/]8Kn;df ;'/Iff dfkb08x¿af/] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/Laf/] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/Laf/] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/Laf/] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L • /]8Kn; sfo{qmdaf6 ;fdflhs–n}lËs, jftfj/0fLo / jg ;'zf;gsf] If]qdf ;sf/fTds /

gsf/fTds b'a} lsl;dsf k|efjx¿ kg{ ;Sg] . • ;sf/fTds k|efjnfO{ yk alnof] agfpg] / gsf/fTds k|efj sd ug{sf nflu /]8Kn;df

ljleGg lsl;dsf ;'/Iff dfkb08x¿sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] . • /]8Kn;df ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo / ;'zf;g ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf nflu dxf;lGwsf

kIf /fi6«x¿sf] d]lS;sf]sf] Sofgs'gdf ;DkGg !^cf}+F ;Dd]ngdf ePsf] Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf] cg';"rL ! df & j6f l;4fGtx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] .

• /]8Kn;sf] tof/L / sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljZj a}F+såf/f ;~rflnt jg sfa{g ;fem]bf/L ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] klg ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf]n] o; cGtu{t klg /]8Kn;df ;'/Iffsf nflu jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs /0fgLlts d"Nofª\sg (SESA) gfds k|lqmof / dfkb08 agfOPsf] .

• ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo /]8Kn; sfo{qmd cGtu{t klg of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ ;'/Iffsf nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ ;xeflutfd"ns ;'zf;g cfFsng / hf]lvd sd ug]{ ljlw agfOPsf] .

• /]8Kn; sfo{qmdn] ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo ¿kdf s:tf] l;4fGt cjnDag ug{ ;S5 / o;sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 egL d"Nofª\sg ug{sf nflu :jo+;]jL ¿kdf /]8Kn;sf] ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08 agfOPsf] 5, h;n] /]8Kn;sf] k|efjx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ d4t ug]{ .

• /]8Kn; ;DaGwL :jo+;]jL sfa{g Jofkf/ kl/of]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu pkof]u ul/g] dfkb08x¿df klg ;'/Iff ;DaGwL dfkb08x¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] .

• /]8Kn; sfo{qmddf Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt l;4fGtx¿nfO{ s;/L kfngf / k|j4{g ul/Psf] 5 eGg] af/]df /fli6«o txdf ;'/Iff ;"rgf k|0ffnL (Safeguards

Information System-SIS) sf] :yfkgf u/L o;sf] k|ltj]bg ;d]t tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ .

• /]8Kn;df ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljifosf] ¿kdf /x]sf] .

56

Sofgs'g ;Demf}tf Sofgs'g ;Demf}tf Sofgs'g ;Demf}tf Sofgs'g ;Demf}tf ----@)!)_ df pNn]lvt /]8Kn;df ;'/Iffsf & l;4fGtx@)!)_ df pNn]lvt /]8Kn;df ;'/Iffsf & l;4fGtx@)!)_ df pNn]lvt /]8Kn;df ;'/Iffsf & l;4fGtx@)!)_ df pNn]lvt /]8Kn;df ;'/Iffsf & l;4fGtx¿¿¿¿ /]8;DaGwL sfo{qmddf lgDg ;'/IffTds pkfox¿nfO{ k|j4{g / ;xof]u ug'{kg]{5 M != /]8;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ /fi6«sf] jg ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox¿ / ;f] ;Fu ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«o

dxf;lGw Pj+ ;Demf}tfx¿ ;Fu kl/k"/s / tfnd]n vfg] lsl;dsf] x'G5 . @= /]8 sfo{qmddf /fli6«o ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fli6«o sfg'gx¿ nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ kf/blz{tfsf ;fy

jg ;'zf;gsf] k|efjsf/L ;+/rgfnfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 . #= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;ef åf/f cËLsf/ ul/Psf] cflbaf;L] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffnfO{ Wofg lbFb}, /fli6«o kl/j]z Pj+ sfg'gx¿ / ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«o bfloTjx¿nfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} cflbaf;L hgtfx¿ / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] clwsf/ / 1fgsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|j4{g Pj+ ;xof]u ul/g]5 .

$= /]8 cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng, /]8 ;DaGwL /fli6«o /0fgLlt / of]hgf lgdf{0f, jg ;DaGwL cfwf/laGb'x¿sf] to / /]8sf] cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ubf{ vf;u/L cflbaf;L Pj+ :yfgLo ;d'bfo / ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L ;xeflutfnfO{ k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

%= /]8 ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿sf] k|fs[lts jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ;Fu tfnd]n x'g]5 . /]8 sfo{qmdn] k|fs[lts jgnfO{ cGo k|fof]hgdf ¿kfGt/0f gul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{sf ;fy} o;n] /fi6«sf] jg tyf o;sf kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu pTk|]/0ff k|bfg ug]{ / cGo jftfj/0fLo Pj+ ;fdflhs kmfObfx¿sf] k|j4{gnfO{ clej[l4 ul/g]5 .

^= jg ljgfzsf] k'g/fj[lQ x'g ;Sg] vt/fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|j4{g / ;xof]u ul/g]5 . &= pT;h{g :yfgfGt/0f -sfa{g r'xfj6_ Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{x¿nfO{ k|j4{g / ;xof]u ul/g]5 .

/]8Kn;sf ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x/]8Kn;sf ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x/]8Kn;sf ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x/]8Kn;sf ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo dfkb08x¿¿¿¿ != /]8Kn; sfo{qmdn] e"ld, If]qx¿ / ;|f]tx¿ dflysf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf / ;Ddfg k|bfg ub{5 . @= /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf nfex¿nfO{ o;sf ;a} ;DalGwt clwsf/jfnfx¿ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf

aLr cfk;df ;dGoflos ¿kdf afF8kmfF8 ul/G5 . #= /]8Kn; sfo{qmdn] dlxnf, clt ;LdfGts[t / pRr hf]lvddf k/]sf dflg;x¿ ;d]t nfO{

ljz]if dWogh/ /fVb} cflbaf;L, hghflt / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;DkGgtf / bL3{sfnLg hLljsf]kfh{g ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ub{5 .

$= /]8Kn; sfo{qmdn] ;'zf;g, a[xt lsl;dsf] lbuf] ljsf; / ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu of]ubfg ub{5 .

%= /]8Kn; sfo{qmddf h}ljs ljljwtf / kof{j/0fLo ;]jfsf] ;+/If0f / clej[l4 ul/G5 . ^= /]8Kn; sfo{qmddf ;a} ;DalGwt clwsf/jfnf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L ¿kdf

;xefuL x'G5g . &= /]8Kn; sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo Pj+ /fli6«o ;fGble{s sfg'g / cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿, dxf;lGwx¿ /

cGo b:tfj]hx¿sf] kfngf ub{5 .

57

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=@=@=@=****=# =# =# =# :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt:jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt:jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt:jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt (Free, Prior and Informed Consent -

FPIC) / /]8Kn;/ /]8Kn;/ /]8Kn;/ /]8Kn;

• :jtGqtfk"j{sf] clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt (FPIC)æl;4fGtÆ jf æzt{Æ æsfg'gL d"NodfGotfÆ jf æclwsf/Æ dWo] s] xf] < eGg] af/]df leGg leGg dtx¿ /x]sf] .

• /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o txdf th'{df eO{ :yfgLo tx jf If]qdf nfu" x'g] k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t gfkmfd'vL lsl;dsf ljsf; kl/of]hgf jf sfo{qmdx¿sf] cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfodf k|efj kg]{ .

• k|efljt kIfsf] clu|d ;xdlt lnP/ dfq kl/of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjfh÷cleofg .

• cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/x¿sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu kl/k"/ssf] ¿kdf :yflkt Pp6f dfGotf .

• o;sf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff / dfGotf :yfgLo ;xdlt, k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ cfjZos Ifltk"lt{ / sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgfaf6 k|fKt pknlAwn] k|efljt cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] pGglt /x]sf] .

:jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt (FPIC) lng'kg]{ cj:yf tyf ljifolng'kg]{ cj:yf tyf ljifolng'kg]{ cj:yf tyf ljifolng'kg]{ cj:yf tyf ljifo

• cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] k'Vof}{nL a:tLaf6 :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ . • cflbaf;Lx¿sf] ;f+:s[lts, af}l4s, wfld{s / cfWoflTds ;DklQ lng] sfo{ ug]{ . • cflbaf;Lx¿sf] e"ld, If]q / ;|f]tx¿df cf3ft kfg]{, clwu|x0f ug]{, ef]u ug]{ h:tf

sfo{x¿ ug]{ . • cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfodf k|efj kg]{ sfg"g th'{df ug]{ . • vf; u/L vfgL, hn;|f]t / cGo k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ / 7"nf ljsf; kl/of]hgfx¿

;~rfng ubf{ cflbaf;L / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] e"ld, ;|f]t / If]qx¿ k|efljt x'g] sfo{ ug]{ .

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L @=*=$ @=*=$ @=*=$ @=*=$ g]kfndf xfng]kfndf xfng]kfndf xfng]kfndf xfn ;Dd;Dd;Dd;Dd ul/Psf /]8Kn; z'/ul/Psf /]8Kn; z'/ul/Psf /]8Kn; z'/ul/Psf /]8Kn; z'/Iff ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?MIff ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?MIff ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?MIff ;+u ;DalGwt s[ofsnfkx?M

• g]kfndf xfn;Dd z'/Iff ;"rgf k|0ffnL gagfOPsf] eP klg o;sf nflu kof{Kt Joj:yf / ;+:yfut ;+rgfx¿ ljBdfg /x]sf]n] o;}nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsg] .

• g]kfnn] /]8Kn; ;'/Iffsf nflu Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf l;4fGtx¿Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf l;4fGtx¿Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf l;4fGtx¿Sofgs'g ;Demf}tfsf l;4fGtx¿ (Cancun Safeguards) ug]{ k|s[ofdf cu|;/ .

• /]8Kn;sf] /0fg}lts jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs k|efj kl/If0f–;];ffff (Strategic Social and

Environmental Assessment-SESA) / jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg vfsf (Environmental and Social Management Framework-ESMF) tof/ ePsf] .

:jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] :jtGq clu|d ;"lrt ;xdlt;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/cfwf/cfwf/cfwf/

• dfgj clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ff;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;femf cjwf/0ff -@))#_

• cflbaf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;Ë7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !^(

• cflbaf;L hgtfsf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ff (UNDRIP) @))&

• ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw !((@

58

• ;];f k|ltj]bg, @)!$ n] (Strategic Social and Environmental Assessment-SESA)

lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ lj:t[t ?kn] ljZn]if0f u/L ;"rsx? ;d]t tof/ u/]sf] 5 . • ljkGg / al~rt ;d'bfox? hLljsf]kfh{g jg ;|f]tdf j9L lge{/ . • g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|d'v jftfj/0Lo ;jfnx? . • hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hf]lvd / k|efljt ;d'bfo . • /]8Kn;sf ;DefJo ;fdflhs pknJwLx? . • /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsfnflu cfjZos gLltx? .

• /]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb| / o;sf ;xsdL{ ;+:yfx? dfkm{t /]8Kn; z'/Iff ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf s[ofsnfkx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng e} /x]sf .

59

efu #

jg sfa{g Jofkjg sfa{g Jofkjg sfa{g Jofkjg sfa{g Jofkf/ / nfef+z afF8kmFff/ / nfef+z afF8kmFff/ / nfef+z afF8kmFff/ / nfef+z afF8kmFf8888

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro /]8Kn; sfo{qmd cGtu{t sfa{g Jofkf/sf] nflu /]8Kn; sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg kIf /fi6«x¿sf] ;Dd]ngn] ahf/sf ljleGg :j¿kx¿sf] k|:tfj u/]sf 5g . o;}u/L g]kfndf jg Joj:yfkgsf] nfef+z afF8kmfF8 gf}nf] ljifo geP tfklg /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogn] cem} d"t{¿k lnO g;ssf] x'Fbf s:tf] nfef+z ljt/0f k|0ffnL pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] lgSof}{n eO;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofx¿df ;+nUg x'g] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af/] ;xefuLx¿ hfgsf/ x'g' cfjZos 5 . o; ljwfdf /]8Kn; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf log} kIfx¿sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

clek|foclek|foclek|foclek|fo /]8Kn; sfo{qmddf ljBdfg ahf/x¿, nfef+z afF8kmfF6sf ljleGg 9fFrf / ;/f]sf/jfnfaf/] hfgsf/L tyf cg'ejx¿ cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ .

;qx¿;qx¿;qx¿;qx¿ != jg sfa{g Aofkf/ / ahf/sf] ljZn]if0f @ / #= ;Defljt nfesf] ;dfg"kflts ljt/0fsf] ;jfn $= /]8Kn;sf cGo u}/sfj{g kmfO{bfx?

60

efu #

;q !;q !;q !;q ! jg sfa{gsf ahf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0fjg sfa{gsf ahf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0fjg sfa{gsf ahf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0fjg sfa{gsf ahf/x¿sf] ljZn]if0f kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro jgjf6 sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL ub}{ sfa{gsf] ;l~rlt a9fpg] / sfa{g pT;h{g ug]{ lgsfox¿ aLrsf] n]gb]gsf nflu sfa{g Jofkf/sf] ahf/ cfjZos x'G5 . sfa{gsf] sf/f]af/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df x'g] / ;]jf k|bfos / u|fxs aLrsf] ljleGg txdf x'g] x'Fbf sfa{g Jofkf/sf] k|lqmof cln hl6n b]lvG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df sfa{g Jofkf/df sfa{gsf] pT;h{g 36fpg] / ;l~rlt a9fpg]nfO{ clwstd kmfObf k|bfg ug{, sf/f]af/ vr{ 36fpg / sf/f]af/nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg ljleGg cjwf/0ffx¿ kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;qdf xfn ;Dd sfa{g Jofkf/sf nflu s] s:tf ahf/x¿sf] ;Defjgf b]lvG5, tL ahf/x¿sf] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s:tf] cj:yf 5 egL ltgsf]] ljZn]if0f ul/g] 5 .

p2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zox¿¿¿¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf] kl/efiff eGg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • sfj{g qm]l86 ;l6{lkms]6sf] cy{ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf] jfWosf/L ahf/sf slDtdf ^ laif]ztf atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf] sf]if tyf cg'bfgdf cfwfl/t jhf/sf slDtdf % laif]ztf atfpg

;Sg'x'g]5 . • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf] :jo+;]jL ahf/sf slDtdf $ laif]ztf atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .


ljlwx¿ljlwx¿ljlwx¿ljlwx¿MMMM • dlitis dGyg • k|Zgf]Q/ • 8fod08 ¥ofª\lsª • 5nkmn / k|:t'lt

cfjcfjcfjcfjZZZZos os os os ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf ljleGg kIfx? • jg sfj{g Jofkf/sf cjwf/0ffsf] ljz]iftfx? • a|fpgk]k/, d]6fsf8{, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k jg

61

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut ub}{ ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -

;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=!=!_;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= lgDg k|Zgx¿df cfwfl/t eP/ Kn]g/Ldf @) ldg]6 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; M

• jg sfa{g ahf/ s] xf] < • jg sfa{g dfkgsf] OsfO{ s] xf] < • jg sfa{g Jofkf/ s] xf] < • jg sfa{g Jofkf/ jf ahf/df ;Defljt qm]tf / laqm]tfx¿ sf] sf] x'g ;S5g\ < • sfa{g qm]l86 ;l6{lkms]6 eg]sf] s] xf] / s;/L pTkfbg ul/G5 / ahf/df s;/L ljlgdo

ul/G5 < 3= 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf a'Fbfx¿ Ps Ps u/L a|fpg k]k/ jf x\jfO6af]8{df l6Kg'xf]; . ;xhLs/0f

;fdfu|L #=!=@ sf] ;xfotfaf6 k|To]s a'Fbfx¿ k|i6\ofpg'xf]; . 4= jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf ljleGg kIfx¿÷k|sf/x¿ ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=!=# sf] k|:t'ltaf6

k|i6\ofpg'xf]; . 5= cl3Nnf] k|:t'ltnfO{ hf]8\b} ;Defljt sfa{g ahf/x¿sf ljz]iftfx¿ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L

#=!=$_ k|:t't ub{} o; ;Fu g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{ hf]8]/ g]kfnsf] nflu xfnsf] cj:yfdf pko'Qm ahf/af/] 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; .

6= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf ga'em]sf s'/f ;f]Wg] df}sf lbO{ To;sf] ;Daf]wg ub}{ lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wb} ;qsf]] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf]; . • jg sfa{gsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ s'g lgsfoaf6 s;/L lgodg ul/G5 < • jg sfa{g Jofkf/df ;Defljt qm]tf / ljqm]tf sf] sf] x'g ;S5g < • jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf tLg cjwf/0ffx¿ s] s] x'g <

7= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf lgDg ljifox¿sf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ug'{xf]; . • jg sfa{g Jofkf/ . • jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf cjwf/0ffx¿ . • g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df tL cjwf/0ffx¿sf] pko'Qmtf .

8= ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

62

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lu|Lu|Lu|Lxxxx¿¿¿¿ ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=!=!#=!=!#=!=!#=!=! ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6


;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=!=@ #=!=@ #=!=@ #=!=@ jg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{g Jofkf/sf cfwf/eJofkf/sf cfwf/eJofkf/sf cfwf/eJofkf/sf cfwf/e""""t hfgsf/Lt hfgsf/Lt hfgsf/Lt hfgsf/L • jg sfa{g Jofkf/ j:t' Jofkf/ h:tf] geO{ jftfj/0fLo tyf kof{j/0fLo ;]jfsf] h:tf]

Jofkf/ ePsf]n] o;sf ;a} sfdx¿ sfuhL ¿kdf ;DkGg x'g] ub{5 . • jg sfa{g ahf/ s] xf] <

Carbon Market -sfa{g ahf/_sfa{g ;l~rlt jf >]o÷k|df0fkq (Carbon Credit) sf dfWodaf6 sfa{g ;l~rlt jf pT;h{gsf k|lqmofx¿sf] Jofkf/ x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljlgdo k|0ffnLnfO{ sfa{g ahf/ elgG5 . sfa{g ahf/ vf; u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL ug]{ qmddf lgs} rng rNtLdf cfPsf] cjwf/0ff xf] . sfa{g ahf/df pT;h{g s6f}tLnfO{ sfa{g OsfO{df ¿kfGt/0f / lgwf{/0f u/L sfa{g k|df0fkq hf/L ul/G5 . sfa{g ahf/ d'Vo ¿kdf :j]lR5s / afWofTds u/L @ lsl;dsf] x'G5 . :j]lR5s sfa{g ahf/df sfa{g pT;h{g ug]{ lghL If]qx¿ cfkm\gf] g}lts tyf ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj axg ug{sf nflu ;xefuL x'G5g . afWofTds sfa{g ahf/df Sof]6f] cle;lGw jf s'g} vf; lsl;dsf ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL ug]{ sfg"gL k|lta4tf ePsf b]zx¿ ;xefuL x'g' kb{5 . o; k|0ffnLdf sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tLsf nflu hgfOPsf] k|lta4tf cg';f/sf] nIodf k'Ugsf] nflu k|dfl0ft ul/Psf sfa{g OsfO{x¿sf] vl/b–laqmL x'G5 .

• jg sfa{g dfkgsf] OsfO{ s] xf] < Ps sfa{g qm]l86 a/fa/ Ps 6g sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 pT;h{g s6f}tL x'G5 .

• jg sfa{g Jofkf/ jf ahf/df qm]tf–laqm]tf sf] sf] x'g < laqm]tfM sfa{g ;l~rlt jf sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL ug]{ qm]tfM sfa{g pT;h{g, s6f}tL jf ;l~rt ug{ cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ pTk|l/t ug]{

• sfa{g qm]l86 ;l6{lkms]6 eg]sf] s] xf] / s;n] k|bfg ub{5 / o;n] s;/L sfd u5{ < sfa{g qm]l86 (Carbon Credit) M of] sfa{g Jofkf/sf ;Gbe{df af/Daf/ k|of]udf cfO/xg] zAbfjnL xf] . sfa{gsf] OsfO{ hgfpgsf nflu of] zAbfjnLsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . Ps sfa{g qm]l86 a/fa/ Ps 6g sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 pT;h{g s6f}tL ePsf] dfGg] k|rng x'G5 . To;}n] Ps sfa{g qm]l86 vl/b ug]{ kIfn] Ps 6g sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 pT;h{g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ jf /fli6«o clen]v /fVg] ;:+yfn]] sfa{g qm]l86 ;l6{lkms]6 k|bfg ub{5 .

63

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=!=##=!=##=!=##=!=# jg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{g sf/f]af/sf/f]af/sf/f]af/sf/f]af/sf sf sf sf ljlwx? ljlwx? ljlwx? ljlwx? (Approaches of Carbon Marketing)

jg sfa{gsf] Jofkf/ tLg lsl;dn] ug{ ;lsG5 .M

!!!!==== ahf/df cfwfl/t sfaahf/df cfwfl/t sfaahf/df cfwfl/t sfaahf/df cfwfl/t sfa{g sf/f]af/ {g sf/f]af/ {g sf/f]af/ {g sf/f]af/ (Market Based Approach)

/]8Kn;af6 pTkflbt sfj{g qm]l86 b'O{ lsl;dsf ahf/df lalqm ljt/0f x'g ;Sg]5 .

ssss==== afWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{g ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ (Complaince Market)

jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf nflu afWosf/L sfa{g Jofkf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] k"0f{ tyf lj:t[t vfsf jf sfo{ljlw ev{/ ev{/ dfq :ki6 ePsf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] sfa{g Jofkf/df sfj{g ljlqm ug]{ /fHo tyf ;+:yf / vl/b ug]{ /fHo tyf kl/of]hgf aLr ;Demf}tf x'G5 / ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft eP kl5 sfj{g ;l~rtLsf] /sd e'QmfgL ul/G5 . Complaince Market sf lgDg ljz]iftfx¿ x'g ;Sb5gM

• ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf eO/x]sf] jg ljgfz / IfoLs/0faf6 x'g] sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}tL ug{sf nflu cf}Bf]lus b]zx¿n] cfly{s, k|fljlws÷k|ljlw / cfjZos cGo ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

• o:tf] ;xof]u jg sfa{g dfkg, clen]vLs/0f / k|df0fLs/0fsf cfwf/df b]lvPsf] pknlAwd"ns gtLhf (Result-Based) sf cfwf/df dfq k|fKt x'g] .

• /]8Kn;df sfa{g Jofkf/sf] /sd pknAw x'Fbf sfa{g / u}/sfa{g kmfObf÷;xnfe b'a}nfO{ ljrf/ u/L /sd pknAw x'g] .

• /]8Kn; cGtu{t sfa{g Jofkf/sf nflu ljQLo ;|f]t ;fj{hlgs / lghL b'a} If]q x'g ;Sg] . • xl/t hnjfo' sf]if (Green Climate Fund-GCF) df /x]sf] /sdaf6 g} /]8Kn;sf nflu

/sd k|fKt x'g] / o:tf] /sd ;/sf/ dfkm{t dfq k|fKt x'g] . • ;/sf/df k|fKt /sdnfO{ s;/L afF8kmfF8 ug]{ eGg] af/]df /fHon] ;xeflutfd"ns ¿kdf

sfg"g / of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ .

sfj{g Jofkf/

ahf/df cfwfl/t (Market Based Approach)

sf]ifdf cfwfl/t (Fund Based Approach)

;+o'Qm ljlw (Hybrid Approach)

afWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{gafWosf/L sfa{g ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ (Complaince Market)

:jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ (Voluntary Market)

64

vvvv==== :jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g :jo+;]jL sfa{g ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ (Voluntary Market)

:jo+;]jL sfj{g ahf/ cGt{ut /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfn] lglZrt dfkb08 k"/f u/L pTkfbg u/]sf] sfj{g qm]l86 :jo+;]jL sfj{g ahf/df /flvG5 / OR5"s /fHo tyf ;+:yfx?n] vl/b ug{ ;Sb5g . :jo+;]jL sfj{g ahf/sf lgDg ljz]iftfx¿ x'g ;Sb5g .

• jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf nflu :jo+;]jL dfkb08sf ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u u/L kl/of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] .

• o:tf :jo+;]jL kl/of]hgfx¿df ;/sf/sf] ;xdtLdf :yfgLo :t/sf jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;d"x jf ;+:yfx¿n] kl/of]hgf tof/ u/L cf}Bf]lus b]zdf /x]sf lghL If]qsf pBf]uL jf sDkgLnfO{ cfkm"n] pT;h{g s6f}tL u/]sf] sfa{g qm]l86 laqmL ug{ ;Sg]5g .

• ;+;f/ e/L xhf/f}F+sf] ;Vofdf o:tf kl/of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] eP klg g]kfndf eg] :jo+;]jL sfa{g Jofkf/ kl/of]hgfx¿sf] tof/L ug]{ sfd ev{/ dfq z'? ePsf] 5 .

• g]kfndf ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] 7"nf] e"–kl/lwdf /x]sf jgx¿nfO{ Pss[t u/L o:tf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ljsf; u/]/ :jo+;]jL sfa{g Jofkf/df hfg ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .

@@@@==== sf]ifdf cfwfl/t sfj{g sf/f]af/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t sfj{g sf/f]af/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t sfj{g sf/f]af/ sf]ifdf cfwfl/t sfj{g sf/f]af/ (Fund Based Approach) o; ljlw cGtu{t ljsl;t b]z tyf sfj{g s6f}tL ug'{ kg]{ ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] nIo cg';f/sf] sfj{g s6f}ltsf nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf ljlQo ;+:yfx? v8f ul/ ltg} ljlQo ;+:yfx? dfkm{t /]8Kn; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ b]z (Host Country)

x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5g . xfn rrf{df /x]sf] sfj{g sf]if (Carbon Fund) o; k|sf/sf] sfj{g sf/f]jf/ ug]{ nIo ;lxt :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] .

####==== ;+o'Qm ljlw ;+o'Qm ljlw ;+o'Qm ljlw ;+o'Qm ljlw (Hybrid Approach) of] ljlwdf jhf/ (Market Based) / sf]if (Fund Based) b'j} ;+o'Qm ?kdf cjnDag ul/G5 . ahf/ ljwL df hfg] Ifdtf gePsf t/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf g]kfn h:tf b]zx?df /]8Kn;sf] cfly{s ;fxfotf ;dfg'kflts ?kdf ljt/0f ug{ ;+o'Qm ljwL pkof]lu x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .

65

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=!=$#=!=$#=!=$#=!=$ jg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{gjg sfa{g Jofkf/sf cjwf/0ffsfJofkf/sf cjwf/0ffsfJofkf/sf cjwf/0ffsfJofkf/sf cjwf/0ffsf]] ]] ljz]iftfljz]iftfljz]iftfljz]iftfx¿x¿x¿x¿ sfa{gsfa{gsfa{gsfa{g Jofkf/ k|0ffnLsf s]xL ljz]iftfxJofkf/ k|0ffnLsf s]xL ljz]iftfxJofkf/ k|0ffnLsf s]xL ljz]iftfxJofkf/ k|0ffnLsf s]xL ljz]iftfx¿¿¿¿

ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t'ljifoj:t' :jo+;]jL:jo+;]jL:jo+;]jL:jo+;]jL afWosf/LafWosf/LafWosf/LafWosf/L sf]if tyf cg'bfgdf sf]if tyf cg'bfgdf sf]if tyf cg'bfgdf sf]if tyf cg'bfgdf cfwfl/t cfwfl/t cfwfl/t cfwfl/t

qm]tfx¿ sDkgLx¿, nufgLstf{, JolQmx¿

b]zx¿, sDkgLx¿, nufgLstf{x¿

ax'/fli6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ ax'kIfLo ;+:yfx¿

pTk|]/s tTjx¿ ;fdflhs tyf g}lts pQ/bfloTj

sfg'gL pQ/bfloTj sfa{g Jofkf/df kl/kSjtf l;h{gf ug]{

;+/rgf j[Iff/f]k0f, jgsf] k'g¿Tkfbg, jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0f lgoGq0f

j[Iff/f]k0f, jgsf] k'g¿Tkfbg, jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0f lgoGq0f

jg ljgfz s6f}tL ug]{ gLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjog

pTkfbg tyf ;]jf

sfa{g, hLljsf]kfh{g, h}ljs ljljwtf cflb

sfa{g / c¿ ;xnfex¿

sfa{g, hLljsf]kfh{g, h}ljs ljljwtf, ;'zf;g cflb

ljZjJofkL dfkb08x¿

s]xL xb;Dd ;lhnf / ljleGg dfkb08x¿

ljZjJofkL¿kdf Ps} lsl;dsf] / lgs} sl7g dfb08x¿ (UNFCCC)

sfj{g vl/b ug]{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] dfkb08 k|of]u ug]{

k|df0fLs/0f vr{ Gofo;Ët -qm]tfn] ltg]{_

lgs} dxËf] -;/sf/n] ltg]{_

sfj{g vl/b tyf e'QmfgL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd

ahf/ ;DaGw jg Joj:yfks ;d'bfon] klg l;w} sDkgLx¿nfO{ laqmL ug{;Sg]

;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] ;+nUgtfdf dfq Jofkf/ x'g]

;/sf/ / ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf aLrdf ;Demf}tf x'g]

laqmLsf nflu cfwf/ laGb'

kl/of]hgf:t/ -P]ltxfl;s cfwf/laGb' grflxg]_

/fli6«o:t/ -P]ltxfl;s cfwf/laGb' rflxg]_

/fli6«o:t/ jf If]qLo:t/ -P]ltxfl;s cfwf/laGb' rflxg]_

66

efu #

;q @ jg;q @ jg;q @ jg;q @ jg sfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;jfnsfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;jfnsfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;jfnsfj{g nfe / nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;jfn

/]8Kn;df cfly{s ;|f]t sxfFaf6 k|fKt x'G5 / o;sf] kl/rfng s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ lgs} dxTjsf] ;fy x]l/Psf] x'G5 . /]8Kn; kl/of]hgfdf sfa{gsf] Jofkf/ ljleGg kIfx¿sf] ;+nUgtfaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . jg sfa{g Jofkf/ ahf/df cfwfl/t k|0ffnL ePsf] x'Fbf sfa{g Jofkf/af6 k|fKt x'g] nfen] g} ;Dk"0f{ sf/f]af/ vr{ Joxf]g'[{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} o;df w]/} txdf ljleGg ;+:yfx¿ ;+nUg x'g] x'Fbf jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] cGo kmfObfx¿sf] afF8kmFf8 eGbf jg sfa{g Jofkf/sf] nfesf] afF8kmFf8 cln a9L hl6n x'g hfG5 . /]8Kn; sfo{qmd k"0f{tM nfu" eO g;s]sf] cj:yfdf o; ;DaGwL sltko ljifox¿ /fli6«o :t/df lgSof}{n x'g afFsL 5g . o; ;qdf /]8Kn;sf] nfesf] afF8kmfF8sf] cjwf/0ff s:tf] 5, nfesf] afF8kmFf8df s;sf] s] e"ldsf x'G5 / e"QmfgLsf cfwf/x¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g, o;df /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o l;sfO s:tf] 5 eGg] h:tf k|Zgx¿df 5nkmn ul/g] 5 .

p2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zox¿

o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• g]kfndf ljBdfg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

• k|To]s jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿sf] nfef+z afF8kmFf8sf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

• /]8Kn;sf # r/0fdf x'g] cfly{s ;xof]usf >f]t atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .

• g]kfndf k/LIf0f ePsf] nfefFz afF8kmfF8 k|s[ofsf @ txsf gfd eGg ;Sg'x'g]5 . ;doM ;doM ;doM ;doM # 306f

ljlwx¿ljlwx¿ljlwx¿ljlwx¿MMMM • k|jrg • k|Zgf]Q/ • ;fd"x 5nkmn

cfjcfjcfjcfjZZZZos os os os ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM • ljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿sf] ljBdfg nfef+z afF8kmfF8 • /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s ;|f]t • /]8Kn; tof/L k|:tfjgfn] k|fjwfg u/]cg';f/ /]8Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ • uf]/vf, bf]nvf / lrtjgdf sfof{Gjof ul/Psf] /]8Kn; kl/If0f kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ljleGg

txdf nfef+z ljt/0fsf nflu pkof]udf NofOPsf ljleGg cfwf/x¿ • a|fpg k]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

67

;q ;q ;q ;q ;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng lqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg]

ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=@=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= Kn]g/L 5nkmnaf6 g]kfndf ljBdfg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf]; . 3= oL ljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿df ;/sf/ / jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ lgsfo÷;d"x aLr

tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;d"x leq nfef+z afF8kmFf8 ;DaGwL k|fjwfg Kn]g/L 5nkmn u/L tof/ kfg'{xf]; -;xof]uL ;fdfu|L #=@=@_.

4= /]8Kn;sf] ljsf;sf ljleGg r/0fx¿df cfly{s ;|f]t sxfFaf6 cfpF5 egL Kn]g/Ldf ;+lIfKt 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; / cfkm"n] tof/ u/]sf] ;fdfu|L -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=@=#_ k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

5= /]8Kn; tof/L k|:tfjgfn] k|fjwfg u/]cg';f/ /]8Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ s;/L x'G5, s]Gb|Lo txdf sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg s;n] u5{ / jg Aoj:yfkg ug]{ lgsfodf s;/L k};f k'U5 eGg] af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; -;xof]uL ;fdfu|L #=@=$_ .

6= g]kfndf ;~rfng ePsf] /]8Kn;sf] e'QmfgL k/LIf0f of]hgfdf sfa{g sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf cfwf/x¿ -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=@=%_ k|:t't ug'{xf]; .

7= cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf s]lx sf]if Joj:yfkg / nfef+z afF8kmfF8sf dfdnf cWoog (Case Study) u/fO{ o;sf ljlw / k|s[of yk k|i6 kfg'{xf]; . 5nkmn ul/Psf nfef+z afF8kmfF8 k4ltsf d'Vo l;sfO{sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf]; -;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L #=@=^_ .

8= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|i6 x'g k|Zg ug]{ df}sf lbO{ 5nkmn ub}{ lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]wL ;qsf]] d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf]; M • g]kfndf ;fd'bflos jgdf nfef+z afF8kmfF6sf] s:tf] k|rng 5 < • /]8Kn;sf] nfef+z d'Vo¿kdf sf] sf] aLrdf afF8kmfF6 x'G5 < • /]8Kn; tof/L k|:tfjgfn] k|fjwfg u/]cg';f/ /]8Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ s;/L x'G5 <

9= ;qdf 5nkmn ePsf lgDg ljifox¿sf] ;f/f+z k|:t't ub}{ ;qsf]] ;dfkg ug'{xf]; .

68

;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fd;xhLs/0f ;fdffffu|Lx¿u|Lx¿u|Lx¿u|Lx¿ ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@=!#=@=!#=@=!#=@=! ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6

;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ to;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ to;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ to;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .f/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .f/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .f/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zox¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@=@ #=@=@ #=@=@ #=@=@ ljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltxljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltxljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltxljleGg jg Joj:yfkg k4ltx¿sf] ljBdfg nfef+zsf] ljBdfg nfef+zsf] ljBdfg nfef+zsf] ljBdfg nfef+z afF8kmfF6afF8kmfF6afF8kmfF6afF8kmfF6 jg Joj:yfkg k4lt jg Joj:yfkg k4lt jg Joj:yfkg k4lt jg Joj:yfkg k4lt cjcjcjcjllllwwww d'Vo ljz]iftfd'Vo ljz]iftfd'Vo ljz]iftfd'Vo ljz]iftf

!= lghL jg – lghL jg Joj:yfkg

k4lt -btf{ ePsf jf gePsf_

jg wgLsf] OR5f cg';f/ – ahf/df jg k}bfjf/ laqmL ljt/0fsf nflu cg'dlt–kq rflxg] .

– hldgsf] dfnkf]t a'emfpg' kg]{ . – Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu sf7 laqmL u/]df

d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] . – tf]lsPsf] s'g} ;+/lIft k|hflt laqmL

ljt/0fdf aGb]h . @= /fHoåf/f Joj:yfkg – ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt

jg

lg/Gt/ ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj /x]sf] / cfjlws jf jflif{s of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ tf]lsPsf]

– jflif{s of]hgf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] sf7 bfp/f laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] .

– u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ;ª\sngsf] nflu cg'dlt kq k|0ffnL .

– 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf nflu ;j{;fwf/0fn] sf7 bfp/f vl/b ug{ ;Sg] .

– ;+/lIft jg

lg/Gt/ ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj /x]sf] / cfjlws jf jflif{s of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ tf]lsPsf]

– jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu of]hgf th'{df . – ;fd'bflos jg / ;+/lIft jgsf aLrdf

s]xL lj/f]wfefifx¿ .

– ;+/lIft If]q Joj:yfkg -/fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q / dWojtL{ If]q_

;a} jg k}bfjf/df ;/sf/L :jfldTj /x]sf] / Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg';f/ ;+/If0f / jg k}bfjf/sf] kl/rfng .

– lglZrt ;dox¿df cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf jg k}bfjf/ ;ª\sng ug{ cg'dlt lbg] k|0ffnL .

– lgs'~h / cf/Ifaf6 k|fKt cfosf] #) b]lv %) k|ltzt /sd :yfgLo ljsf;df vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] .

#= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg

-s_ ;fd'bflos jg

sfg'gL¿kdf :jfldTjsf] cjlw ckl/eflift / jg Joj:yfkgnfO{ kfFr jf b; jif]{ of]hgfåf/f lgodg ul/Psf] .

– k/Dk/fut k|of]usf] clwsf/ tyf ;d'bfosf] jg;|f]t dflysf] kx'FrnfO{ Wofg lbPsf] .

– cfk;L ;xdlt åf/f pkef]Qmf kl/eflift / juL{s/0f .

69

– Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg';f/ jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ / jg k}bfjf/ laqmL–ljt/0f ug{] clwsf/ pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf /x]sf] .

-v_ sa'lnotL jg $) jif{ -csf]{ $) jif{ yk ug{ ;lsg]_

– x}l;ot sd ePsf] jg x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sg] / sa'lnotL jg lng]n] ;fljsdf /x]sf ¿vx¿ k|of]u ug{ gkfpg] .

– ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sa'lnotL jgsf] pkef]Qmf kl/eflift / juL{s/0fdf sl7gfO{ .

-u_ wfld{s jg :jfldTjsf] cjlw ls6fg gePsf] t/ jflif{s jf kfFrjif]{ of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg .

– ;|f]t dflysf] k/Dk/fut k|of]unfO{ dfGotf lbOPsf] .

– Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu jg k}bfjf/ laqmL ug{ gkfOg] .

-3_ ;fem]bf/L jg :jfldTjsf] cjlw ls6fg gePsf] kfFrjif]{ of]hgf cg'¿k Joj:yfkg cjlw kl/eflift

– sfg"gL vfsf c:ki6 tyflk lgb]{lzsfåf/f jg Joj:yfkg .

– sf7 bfp/f laqmLsf] %) k|ltzt /sd ;d"xdf hfg] .

– ;d"xleqsf pkef]Qmfn] cfwf/e"t jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u ug{ kfpg] .

-ª_ dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg

– :jfldTjsf] cjlw ls6fg gePsf]

– kfFr jif]{ of]hgf cg'¿k Joj:yfkg kl/eflift

– pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] dWojtL{ If]qsf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf cg'¿k jg Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ .

– ;fd'bflos jgsf] sf7 ;d"x aflx/ laqmL ug{ gkfOg] .

70

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@=##=@=##=@=##=@=# /]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s ;|f]t/]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s ;|f]t/]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s ;|f]t/]8Kn; sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s ;|f]t

r/0fxr/0fxr/0fxr/0fx¿ lqmolqmolqmolqmofsnfkxfsnfkxfsnfkxfsnfkx¿ cg'bfg tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLcg'bfg tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLcg'bfg tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnLcg'bfg tyf e'QmfgL k|0ffnL tof/L r/0f tof/L r/0f tof/L r/0f tof/L r/0f • /fli6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt, of]hgf /

dfkb08x¿sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . • Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ . • jgsf] cfwf/e"t tYofÍ tof/ ug]{ .

-cg'bfg, lgIf]kd'vL e'QmfgL_ Funding, Input-Based

Payment

k/LIf0f tyf k/LIf0f tyf k/LIf0f tyf k/LIf0f tyf k|bz{gL r/0f k|bz{gL r/0f k|bz{gL r/0f k|bz{gL r/0f

• /fli6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt, of]hgf Pj+ dfkb08x¿sf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ o;sf nflu cltl/Qm Ifdtf clej[l4 / k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ x:tfGt/0fsf sfo{x¿ ug]{ .

• gtLhfd"ns k/LIf0f k|bz{gsf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ .

cg'bfg, k|bz{gd'vL e'QmfgL (Funding , Performance-

Based Payment)

ssssfof{Gjog fof{Gjog fof{Gjog fof{Gjog r/0f r/0f r/0f r/0f

• gtLhfd"ns sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ug]{ . • gtLhfd"ns sfo{x¿sf] k"0f{¿kdf dfkg,

k|ltj]bg Pj+ k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ .

glthfd'vL e'QmfgL-;g @)@) kl5 (Result-Based

Payment)

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@=$#=@=$#=@=$#=@=$M M M M /]8/]8/]8/]8Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf ;Defljt ljsNkx?Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf ;Defljt ljsNkx?Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf ;Defljt ljsNkx?Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/sf ;Defljt ljsNkx?

g]kfndf ljut b]lv g} 6«i6 km08sf] cg'ej ljleGg If]qdf ul/Psf] 5 . jg If]qdf /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if Pp6f pbfx/0f /x]sf] 5 . o;} cg';f/ ax';/f]sf/jfnf ;d"xsf] af]8{ dfkm{t sfa{g km08sf] /sd :yfgLo ;d"x ;Dd nfef+zsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf /sd kl/rfngsf nflu Pp6f ljsNk x'g ;S5 . kl/of]hgfsf cfwf/df nfefFz afF8kmfF8sf] gLlt to ePdf jg sfa{g km08sf] /sd nfef+zsf] ¿kdf :yfgLo ;d"x ;Dd l;w} k'Ug ;Sb5 . oL ;a} ljsNkdf /fHon] lj:t[t 5nkmn tyf cWoog ug{ h?/L x'G5 . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr 5nkmn u/L kf/bzL{, kmfObfhgs, ;/n k|lqmof, Gofof]lrt nfesf] afF8kmfF6 tyf cGo ljifox¿ cWoogdf ;d]6\g' kb{5 . g]kfndf /]8Kn;sf] nfef+z ljt/0f Joj:yfkg ;DalGw cWoog e}/x]sf] 5 . o;n] /]8Kn;sf] cfly{s sf/f]jf/ / nfef+z ljt/0fsf ;Defljt ljsNkx?nfO{ cem phfu/ ug]{ 5 .

71

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@=%#=@=%#=@=%#=@=%MMMM uf]/vf, bf]nuf]/vf, bf]nuf]/vf, bf]nuf]/vf, bf]nvf / lrtjgdf ePsf] /]8Kn; e'QmfgL kl/If0f kl/of]hgfvf / lrtjgdf ePsf] /]8Kn; e'QmfgL kl/If0f kl/of]hgfvf / lrtjgdf ePsf] /]8Kn; e'QmfgL kl/If0f kl/of]hgfvf / lrtjgdf ePsf] /]8Kn; e'QmfgL kl/If0f kl/of]hgf n] n] n] n] ljleGg txdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf ljleGg txdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf ljleGg txdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf ljleGg txdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgLsf nflu pkof]udf NofPsf ljleGg nflu pkof]udf NofPsf ljleGg nflu pkof]udf NofPsf ljleGg nflu pkof]udf NofPsf ljleGg cfwf/xcfwf/xcfwf/xcfwf/x¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

s]Gbs]Gbs]Gbs]Gb|L|L|L|Lo:t/af6 hnfwf/o:t/af6 hnfwf/o:t/af6 hnfwf/o:t/af6 hnfwf/ :t/df sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/x:t/df sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/x:t/df sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/x:t/df sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/x¿¿¿¿ • jg sfa{gsf] df}Hbft -k|lt x]S6/ k|lt6g sfa{g_ – $) k|ltzt • 3/w'/L -blnt, cflbaf;L hghflt, afx'g, If]qL_ – @% k|ltzt • hg;ª\Vof -dlxnf / k'?if_ – !% k|ltzt • ljkGg ju{ -;d"xn] u/]sf] ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf] clen]vsf cfwf/df_ – @) k|ltzt

hnfwf/:t/af6 pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/xhnfwf/:t/af6 pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/xhnfwf/:t/af6 pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/xhnfwf/:t/af6 pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf sf]ifsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ cfwf/x¿ • jg sfa{gsf] df}Hbft -k|lt x]S6/ k|lt6g sfa{g_ – $) k|ltzt • 3/w'/L -blnt, cflbaf;L hghflt, afx'g–If]qL_ – @% k|ltzt • hg;ª\Vof -dlxnf / k'?if_ – !% k|ltzt • ljkGg ju{ -;d"xn] u/]sf] ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0fsf] clen]vsf cfwf/df_ – @) k|ltzt

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=@= ^#=@= ^#=@= ^#=@= ^cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf s]lx sf]if JocGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf s]lx sf]if JocGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf s]lx sf]if JocGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf s]lx sf]if Joj:yfkgj:yfkgj:yfkgj:yfkgsf pbfx/0f sf pbfx/0f sf pbfx/0f sf pbfx/0f ––––----tflnsf_tflnsf_tflnsf_tflnsf_ / nfef+z afF8kmfF8/ nfef+z afF8kmfF8/ nfef+z afF8kmfF8/ nfef+z afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL dfdnf cWoog;DaGwL dfdnf cWoog;DaGwL dfdnf cWoog;DaGwL dfdnf cWoog

b]zb]zb]zb]z sf]ifsf] gfdsf]ifsf] gfdsf]ifsf] gfdsf]ifsf] gfd sf]ifsf] ;|f]tsf]ifsf] ;|f]tsf]ifsf] ;|f]tsf]ifsf] ;|f]t sf]if Joj:yfks sf]if Joj:yfks sf]if Joj:yfks sf]if Joj:yfks sf]ifsf] ;ldltdf sf]ifsf] ;ldltdf sf]ifsf] ;ldltdf sf]ifsf] ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTjk|ltlglwTjk|ltlglwTjk|ltlglwTj

a|flhn cd]hg km08 ;/sf/L cg'bfg, gj]{ ;/sf/ ;xof]u

a|flhn ljsf; a}+s s]Gb| tyf k|fGtLo ;/sf/, cflbaf;L, :yfgLo ;d'bfo, u};;, Joj;foL, k|fljlwsx¿

OG8f]g]lzof OG8f]glzof hnjfo' kl/jt{g cIfo sf]if

cd]l/sL C0f ldgfxf /sd, ;/sf/L cg'bfg

UNDP åf/f lgo'Qm cGtl/d 6«i6L, -kl/of]hgfut ¿kdf, cnu–cnu ¿kdf Joj:yfkg_

;/sf/, UNDP, u};;, ;d'bfo

u'ogf u'ogf /]8 nufgL sf]if (GRIF)

;/sf/L cg'bfg, ;/sf/–sf]if ;/sf/, cflbaf;L ;d'bfo, lghL If]q

sf]i6fl/sf /fli6«o jg nufgL sf]if (FONAFIFO)

;/sf/, PES, FCPF,

GEF ;/sf/–sf]if ;/sf/,

cflbaf;L, ;fgf ls;fg, lghL If]q

72

dfdnf cWoog dfdnf cWoog dfdnf cWoog dfdnf cWoog (Case study)

cf;]x k|fGt, O08f]g]lzofcf;]x k|fGt, O08f]g]lzofcf;]x k|fGt, O08f]g]lzofcf;]x k|fGt, O08f]g]lzof

cf;]x k|fGt O08f]g]lzofsf] ;'dfqf 4Lksf] pQ/ tkm{ cjl:yt 5 . oxfF sl/j $) nfv hgtf a;f]af; u5{g . o; k|fGtn] ;'dfqf 6fk'sf] 7"nf] jg If]q ;d]6]sf] 5 h; cGtu{t pQ/L If]qdf /x]sf] pn' dfh]g kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL Ps xf] . /]8 of]hgfn] pn' dfh]g kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] sl/j &,%),))) x]S6/ jg If]q cf]u6]sf] 5 . pn' dfh]g lxdfno ljleGg vfnsf h}ljs ljljwtf, hnjfo' cj:yf, ef}ule{s cjl:ylt, df6f] tyf jg k|hfltsf nflu k|l;4 5 . oxfFsf] jg If]qdf xf]rf] e"lddf kfOg] rf}8fkft] k|hflt tyf ;Nnfsf] jg klg kfOG5g . xf]rf] e"lddf kfOg] jg If]q tyf ;dy/ lsgf/df v]tL of]Uo e"ldn] 9fs]sf] 5 . %)) ld6/ eGbf cUnf If]qdf pRrsf]6Lsf jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] w]/} jg If]q cem} klg /fHo åf/f Jojl:yt x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cf;]x k|fGtsf ueg{/n] Ps cGt//fli6«o ;+/If0f ;+:yf / sfa{g a|f]s/sf] ;xsfo{df pn' dfh]g jg If]qdf ePsf] jg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0f Go"gLs/0f ug]{ cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ ;xdlt u/L sfd ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

cfwf/ tYofcfwf/ tYofcfwf/ tYofcfwf/ tYofªªªª\\\\s cfs cfs cfs cfFF FF +sng+sng+sng+sng ;'gfdL cfPsf] jif{df $& j6f sDkgLx¿nfO{ ¿v s6fgsf] cg'dlt lbOPsf] lyof] h'g cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf sl/j !%) k|ltzt a9L lyof] . ;'gfdLsf] k|efj tyf ;d'bfox¿ aLrsf] cfGtl/s åGå ;dfKt ePkZrft cf;]x k|fGtdf cTolws ¿kdf clgoldt ¿v s6fg tyf jg If]q ljgfz ePsf] lyof] . /fHo åf/f hf/L ul/Psf] ;ª\s6sfnsf] cGTo tyf gjpbf/jfbL df}lb|s tyf cfly{s gLltn] jg ljgfz b/nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . b'|t ultdf j[l4 ePsf] h}ljs OGwg tyf Palm

Oil j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmdn] jg If]q ljgfz ePsf] lyof] . clxn] cfof]hgf If]qsf] sl/j $,)$,&)$ x]S6/ jg If]q s6fgsf nflu ^ j6f cg'dlt k|fKt sDkgLx¿ 5g . ;'gfdL / ;d'bfo aLrsf] åGåsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ tL s6fg sDkgLx¿ clxn] lqmofzLn 5}gg . t/ jg dGqfno / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] kxndf sfof{Gjog x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . tL sDkgLx¿n] cg'dlt k|fKt u/L ;s]sf] x'gfn] ^) k|ltzt jg If]q sfg'gL ¿kdf s6fg x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . cf;]x If]qsf] &,#(,&$* x]= jg If]q dWo] sl/j #,!),((!;+/lIft jg If]q 5g eg] sl/j %* k|ltzt s6fgsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] 5 / sl/j $,@*,&%& x]S6/ v'Nnf jg If]qsf] ¿kdf Jojl:yt ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ljz]if Joj:yfkg gu/] ;Dd jg If]q ljgfz x'g] b]lvG5 . ljZj;gLo k|ljlw tyf ljlwsf] cefjdf /]8sf nflu cfjZos e"ld k|of]u tyf sfa{g pT;h{g cfwf/ tYofª\ssf] ljsf; tyf hfgsf/L ljsf; ug{ sl7g b]lvG5 . e"ld k|of]usf] hfgsf/L tof/ ug{ vlr{nf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfksn] jg ljgfzsf tLg km/s cfwf/x¿ k|:t't u/]sf 5g .

• Go"g jg ljgfz M sl/j )=*^ k|ltzt -cWoog k|sfzg ug{_

• cTolws jg ljgfzM ;'dfqf 6fk'df P]ltxfl;s jg ljgfz b/ -k|lt jif{ sl/j @=# k|ltzt jg If]q gf]S;fg_

• cfof]hgf jg ljgfz b/M jflif{s !=# k|ltzt jg ljgfz

73

!=# k|ltztsf] lx;fan] cfof]hgf If]qaf6 jflif{s sl/j (,^#) x]S6/ jg ljgfz x'g] b]lvG5 / sl/a #) jif{ -cfof]hgf_ cjlwdf @,*(,))) x]S6/ jg If]q gf]S;fg x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ olb jg ljgfz Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng gug]{ xf] eg] #* k|ltzt jg If]q gf]S;fg x'g] b]lvG5 . o; cg';f/ klg pn' df;]g cfof]hgf If]qn] #) jif{df !),*#,^$,)(^ 6g sfa{g ;l~rt ug]{ b]lvG5 . /]8 cfof]hgfn] sfa{g kmfOgfG; dfkm{t *% k|ltzt clgoldt tyf lgoldt jg ljgfz lgoGq0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o;af6 sfa{g cfof]hgfn] #) jif{df sl/j @,&%,$^,$#* 6g sfa{g -!),!),(%,$@& sfa{g8fOcS;fO8_ pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . @))* jt{dfg

sfa{g dfqf -6g_

@)#* jt{dfg sfa{g dfqf -6g_

pT;h{g dfqf -6g_

cfof]hgfn] s6f}tL u/]sf] sfa{g pT;h{g -

6g_ cfwf/ tYofª\s

!$,)&,&!,^&) !),*#,^$,)(^ #,@$,)&,%&$

cfof]hgf !$,)&,&!,^&) !#,%(,!),%#$ $*,^!,!#^ @,&%,$^,$#*

cfwf/ tYocfwf/ tYocfwf/ tYocfwf/ tYofªfªfªfª\\ \\s cfs cfs cfs cfFF FF +sngsf zt{ tyf cg'dfg+sngsf zt{ tyf cg'dfg+sngsf zt{ tyf cg'dfg+sngsf zt{ tyf cg'dfg • ::::yfgyfgyfgyfgLLLLo ;d'bfo Mo ;d'bfo Mo ;d'bfo Mo ;d'bfo M cfof]hgf cjlwdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg cjnDag ul/g] . cfof]hgf

;~rfnsx¿n] jg ;+/If0f u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . • h}ljs ljljwtf Mh}ljs ljljwtf Mh}ljs ljljwtf Mh}ljs ljljwtf M cfof]hgf If]qdf jg ljgfzsf sf/0fn] h}ljs ljljwtf nf]k x'gdf

ljZj;gLo cfwf/ gePsf] . t/ #) jif{ cjlwdf lg/Gt/ jg ljgfz ePdf cTolws dfqfdf h}ljs ljljwtf nf]k x'g] cg'dfg .

• df6f] tyf kfgL Mdf6f] tyf kfgL Mdf6f] tyf kfgL Mdf6f] tyf kfgL M jg ljgfz tyf jgsf] IfoLs/0fsf sf/0fn] kfgL tyf df6f] IfoLs/0fdf lg/Gt/ c;/ kg]{ . cfof]hgf If]q glhs} ul/Psf] Ps cWoogn] jg ljgfzn] pn' If]qsf :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of kg]{ 7x/ u/]sf] .

cfof]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf lqmofsnfkcfof]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf lqmofsnfkcfof]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf lqmofsnfkcfof]hgfn] k|:tfj u/]sf lqmofsnfk • cf;]x k|fGtsf ueg{/n] sfa{g ahf/sf nflu jg If]q s6fgL tyf jg ljgfz lgoGq0f tyf

Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf . • k|fGtLo tyf lhNnf txdf of]hgf ;dLIff u/L jg If]q s6fg Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / :yfoL jg If]q

j[l4 ug]{ cleofg yfngL ug]{ . • cf;]x k|fGtLo ;/sf/n] k|fGtLo, lhNnf tyf ;d'bfo txdf sfa{g ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf]

cg'udg tyf jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ . • sfa{gaf6 k|fKt nfe k|fGt, lhNnf tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfo txdf ¿v s6fg lgoGq0f ug{

pkof]u ul/g] . • :yfgLo ;d'bfo sfa{gaf6 cfPsf] kmfObf jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf pkof]u ug{ tof/

agfpg] .

74

• sfg'gsf] kfngf, ;d'bfosf] ;Nnfx / ;xeflutf, /f]huf/L clej[l4, :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ cfod"ns sfo{qmd, jg x]/fn' lgo'lQm, jg cg'udg tyf u:tLsf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t cfof]hgfn] clgoldt ¿v s6fg tyf jg ljgfz lgoGq0f ug]{ cleofg yfNg] .

• :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf cj;/ ;[hgf tyf pgLx¿sf] jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;Lk, Ifdtfdf cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ .

• cf;]x k|fGtLo ;/sf/n] :yfgLo ;d'bfoaf6 !))) gofF jg x]/fn' egf{ ug]{ . • pn' df;]g sfa{g cfof]hgfn] sfa{g sf]ifsf] /sd skmL, kmnkm"n j[Iff/f]k0f, k'g/f]k0fsf] nflu

pknAw u/fpg] . • k|fGtLo tyf pn' df;]g sfa{g cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog af]8{sf] u7g

u/]sf] . lhNnf tyf :yfgLo :t/df klg ;j};/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg af]8{ u7g u/L sfa{g cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{] . gful/s ;dfh ;d"xnfO{ cfof]hgfsf] :jtGq cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg lhDd]jf/L lbg]] .

cfof]hgf cjlw tyf clen]vcfof]hgf cjlw tyf clen]vcfof]hgf cjlw tyf clen]vcfof]hgf cjlw tyf clen]v cjlwM #) jif{ t/ cfof]hgfn] !)) jif{sf nflu sfa{g pT;h{g :yfloTj (Permanence) sf] ;'lglZrt ul/g' kg]{ . o;sf nflu cfof]hgfn]M

• #) jif{ kZrft cfwf/ tYofª\ssf] t'ngfdf sfa{g dfkg u/L pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f cg'dfg ug]{ .

• cfof]hgfn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jfo'd08ndf sfa{g tx Go"gLs/0fsf nflu plrt cjlwe/ sfa{g ahf/ ;~rfng ug]{ ;'lglZrt ug]{

75

efu #

;q $ M /]8Kn;sf ;q $ M /]8Kn;sf ;q $ M /]8Kn;sf ;q $ M /]8Kn;sf ;xnf;xnf;xnf;xnfeeeex? x? x? x?

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro clxn] ;Ddsf ;qx?df /]8Kn; / o;sf] sfof{Gjog kZrft ;+lrt x'g] sfj{gjf6 x'g;Sg] kmfObfsf] jf/]df 5nkmn eof] . of] ;q /]8Kn;df sfj{g afx]ssf ljljw kmfObf -h;nfO{ ;xnfe klg elgG5_ sf ljifodf s]lGb|t /xg]5 . /]8Kn;jf6 sfj{gsf cnfjf jg jftfj/0fsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, jftfj/0fLo ;]jf nufotsf ljljw ljifodf 6]jf k'Ug ;Sb5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df jgsfj{g eGbf u}/sfj{g kmfO{bfx?sf nflu /]8Kn; pkof]lu x'g ;S5, lsgeg] o;n] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf j}1flgs ljlwx? pkof]u u/L jg, jftfj/0f / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .

p2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zox¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• jg Joj:yfkgsf] cy{ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg cy{ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf] cy{ atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t jg sfj{g ;+lrtL clea[l4sfnflu ul/g] slDtdf & k|ToIf

sfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t jg sfj{g ;+lrtL clea[l4sfnflu ul/g] slDtdf %

ck|ToIf sfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf slDtdf & ;"rssf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 .

• /]8Kn;sf u}/sfj{g÷;xnfe (Non-carbon Benefits) sf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ b]vfpg' x'g]5 . ;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿M • k|jrg • k|Zgf]Q/ • ;d"x 5nkmn

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM • jg Joj:yfkgsf] kl/efiff . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg] kl/efiff . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf] kl/efiff . • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t jg sfj{g ;+lrtL clej[l4sfnflu k|ToIf / ck|ToIf sfd • jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf ;"rs • /]8Kn;sf ;xnfex? (Co-benefits) • a|fpgk]k/, dfl:sª 6]k, dfs{////

76

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfk 1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg]

ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=#=!_;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; . 2= ;xefuLx?nfO{ jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg s] xf] eg]/ dl:t:s dGyg ub}{ jgsf] bLuf]

Joj:yfkgsf af/]df eGg nufpg'xf]; / k|d'v a+'bfx?sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf]; . 3= ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=#=@ sf] k|of]u u/L jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg jf/]df k|i6 kfg'{xf]; . 4= ;xefuLx?nfO{ b"O{ ;d'xdf ljefhg u/L jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg s;/L x'G5 / o;n]

/]8Kn;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5 egL j+'bf tof/ u/L k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

5= ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=#= # sf] k|of]u u/L jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgsf dfWodjf6 /]8Kn;sf] ;kmntfdf k'Ug ;Sg] ;xof]usf af/]df :ki6 kfg'{xf]; .

6= jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ePsf] 5 egL yfxf kfpgsf nflu cfjZos ljleGg ;"rsx?sf ljifodf ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=#=$ sf] k|of]u u/L :ki6 kfg'{xf]; .

7= /]8Kn;sf ;xkmfObf af/]df 5nkmn rnfp+b} ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L #=#=% sf] k|of]u u/L :ki6 kfg"{xf]; .

8= ;q p2]Zosf cfwf/df kl/If0f ug'{xf]; . 9= ;q ;dfkg ug{'xf]; .

77

;xhLs/0f ;fdu|L;xhLs/0f ;fdu|L;xhLs/0f ;fdu|L;xhLs/0f ;fdu|L

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=#=!#=#=!#=#=!#=#=! ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6 ;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] .;q of]hgfadf]lhd lgDg tflnsfcg';f/ tof/L u/]/ k|:t't x'g] . ;q zLif{s M p2]Zoxxxx¿ M k|of]u x'g] ljlwx¿ M ;qsf]] ;dofjlw M

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=#=@#=#=@#=#=@#=#=@ jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg jg Joj:yfkgjg Joj:yfkgjg Joj:yfkgjg Joj:yfkg (Forest Management): jgsf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos l;4fGt cjnDag ub}{ kfl/l:yltsLo, h}ljs, cfly{s / ;fdflhs clej[l4sf nflu jgsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf;, ;Da4{g tyf ;b'kof]u ug]{ sfo{nfO{ jg Joj:yfkg elgG5 . jg Joj:yfkgdf jgsf] cj:yf, u'0f:t/ tyf k|fljlws cfjZostf cg';f/ ;du|df kfl/l:yltsLo Pj+ h}ljs, cfly{s / ;fdflhs e"ldsf k"/f ug]{ p2]Zon] jgsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ Joj:yfkgsf cEof;x¿ sfof{Gjog ul/G5 . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkglbuf] jg Joj:yfkglbuf] jg Joj:yfkglbuf] jg Joj:yfkg (Sustainable Forest Management): nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/ / clwstd kmfObf k|fKt u/L jg Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg elgG5 . lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg cGtu{t -!_ jg ;|f]tsf] If]q -@_ jghGo h}ljs ljljwtf -#_ jgsf] :j:ytf / tfhfkgf -$_ jg ;|f]tsf] pTkfbg lbg;Sg] Ifdtf -%_ jgn] ;+/If0f lbg;Sg] Ifdtf -^_ jgn] ;fdflhs cfly{s¿kdf ug{;Sg] of]ubfg / -&_ jg;DaGwL sfg"gL, gLltut / ;+:yfut ;+/rgf h:tf kIf ;d]l6Psf x'G5g .

jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg (Sustainable Management of Forest): /]8Kn; ;DaGwL zLif{sdf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg geO{ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg eGg] jfSof+z k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg eGg] cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf;cg';f/ k|fs[lts jgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, ljgfz tyf IfoLs/0f ePsf jgx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf u/L sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug]{, jgdflysf] bafa 36fpg], jgsf nfex¿sf] ;dGoflos ljt/0f ug]{, jg ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ / jgdf cfwfl/t ;fgf k|s[ltsf ;fd'bflos n3' pBdx¿sf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ljsf; ug]{h:tf sfo{x¿nfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ lsl;dsf] jg Joj:yfkg x'g'kg]{ cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;fl/Psf] 5 . o:tf] jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf efjL k':tfsf] lxtnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL jg Joj:yfkg ul/G5 .

78

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=#=##=#=##=#=##=#=# jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgjgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg dfkm{t jg sfa{g ;l~rlt / clej[l4sf dfkm{t jg sfa{g ;l~rlt / clej[l4sf dfkm{t jg sfa{g ;l~rlt / clej[l4sf dfkm{t jg sfa{g ;l~rlt / clej[l4sf sfo{xsfo{xsfo{xsfo{x¿¿¿¿

ssss==== k|ToIfk|ToIfk|ToIfk|ToIf sfo{xsfo{xsfo{xsfo{x¿ • jg Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;Dj4{g lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog h:t}, kTNofpg] (Thining) cfFuf

sf65fF6 (Prunning), uf]8d]n (Weeding), nx/f s6fO{÷emf8L ;kmfO{ (Cleaning), ug]{

• j[If/f]k0f sfo{ • cltqmd0f lgoGq0f tyf hUuf Joj:yfkg • e" ;+/If0f • rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f • jg 89]nf] Joj:yfkg • Jojl:yt rl/r/gsf] Joj:yf

vvvv==== ck|ToIf sfo{xck|ToIf sfo{xck|ToIf sfo{xck|ToIf sfo{x¿ • jg sfo{of]hgfdf jgsf] cj:yf tyf jg k}bfjf/sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] ljZn]if0f cg';f/

jg ;Dj4{g lqmofsnfk to ePsf] • cfocfh{g tyf ;Lkd"ns sfo{qmdaf6 /f]hu/L l;h{gf • Ifdtf clej[lå tyf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng • j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|of]u • jg Joj:yfkgdf ;fdflhs kl/rfng

79

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=#=$#=#=$#=#=$#=#=$ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/ jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/ ;"rsx;"rsx;"rsx;"rsx¿ / dfkg/ dfkg/ dfkg/ dfkg cfwf/xcfwf/xcfwf/xcfwf/x¿ cfwf/ ;'rsx? dfkgsf cfwf/x? jg ;|f]tsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/

jg ;|f]tsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ tyf x}l;ot jg If]qsf] If]qkmn, 3gTj, df}Hbft, pd]/sf] ;+/rgf, Jofkfl/s k|hfltx¿sf] pknAwtfdf kl/jt{g

h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ePsf] jf ;'b[9 ePsf]

:yfgLo¿kdf pknAw b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v, vt/fdf k/]sf tyf Jofkfl/s k|hfltsf af]6la?jf tyf jGohGt' k|hfltsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu Joj:yfkg

:yfgLo b'n{e, nf]kf]Gd'v, vt/fdf k/]sf tyf Jofkfl/s k|hfltx¿sf] klxrfg, tyf lnlvt Joj:yfkg k4lt

e" tyf hn;|f]t ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ePsf]

e" tyf hn;|f]t ;+/If0f -h:t}M hnfwf/ ;+/If0f, gbL lsgf/ ;+/If0f_ sf nflu jg Joj:yfkg;DaGwL Joj:yfkg k4lt tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf]

k|fyldstf k|fKt ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf cEof; ul/Psf] jg s6fg tyf df6f] / kfgL ;+/If0f sfo{x¿

;3g jg Joj:yfkg of]hgf cEof; ul/Psf]

jgnfO{ jg Joj:yfkgsf p2]Zox¿cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu v08x¿df ljefhg u/L v08ut Joj:yfkg k4lt cEof; ul/Psf]

jg Joj:yfkgsf lnlvt p2]Zox¿sf] :ki6tf tyf k|To]s p2]Zosf Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] v08sf] ;ª\Vof

lbuf] jflif{s :jLsfo{ s6fg tyf /]u'n]zg tyf plrt jg Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf nflu jg ;|f]t ;e]{If0fsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L b'a} sfi7 tyf u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] nflu ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] s6fg cEof; cjnDag ul/Psf]

k|of]u ul/Psf] jg ;|f]t dfkg lgb]{lzsfsf] lsl;d, l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg k4ltsf] plrttf tyf s6fg kl/df0f

jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgfsf] Dofb tyf cfjlws¿kdf ;fGble{s gLlt lgodx¿ ;dfj]z u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf]

jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgfsf] cjlw, tyf :jLs[t of]hgfcg';f/ cEof; ul/Psf] jg Joj:yfkg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|ltzt

jgaf6 lbuf] cfDbfgL k|fKt ePsf], / pQm cfDbfgL :jLs[t sfo{of]hgfdf Joj:yf eP cg'¿k jg tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf;df nufgL ug]{ k|fjwfg tyf cEof; ul/Psf]

jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgLsf] k|ltzt, / jg ljsf; tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf;df nufgL ul/Psf] hDdf cfDbfgLsf] k|ltzt

80

pkef]Qmfsf] k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] lnlvt b:tfj]h;lxt ;f] sf] cEof; ul/Psf]

pkef]Qmfsf] k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] k|of]u u/L ul/Psf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] ;ª\Vof / lsl;d

;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts kmfO{bfx¿ k|fKt ePsf]

:yfgLo pkef]Qmfsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] dfu -sfi7 tyf u}/sfi7 b'a}_ sf] ;tt cfk"lt{ ePsf]

:yfgLo pkef]Qmfsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] cfjZostf k"lt{sf] cj:yf

u/Lj tyf jgdf cfl>t pkef]Qmfx¿sf] nflu /f]huf/L tyf cfDbfgLsf] cj;/ l;h{gf u/]sf]

hLljsf]kfh{gsf] cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ u/Lj tyf jgdf cfl>t pkef]Qmfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof

dxTjk"0f{ k'/ftflTjs, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynx¿sf] klxrfg tyf ;+/If0fsf nflu k|lqmof lgdf{0f u/L cEof; ul/Psf]

klxrfg u/L plrt ;+/If0f ul/Psf dxTjk"0f{ k'/ftlTjs, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynx¿sf] ;ª\Vof

gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf;F+u d]n vfPsf]

;|f]tsf] :jfldTj tyf pkof]u;DaGwL clwsf/ :ki6¿kdf kl/eflift u/L lnlvt b:tfj]h tof/ u/L sfg'gL¿kdf :yflkt ul/Psf]

sfg'gL j}wflgstfsf]] cj:yf

k|efjsf/L tyf Jofjxfl/s ;xfos lgsfosf] u7g u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ;'rf? ul/Psf]

k|efjsf/L tyf Jofjxfl/s ;xfos lgsfosf] u7g nflu ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf] cj:yf, tyf k|fljlws / ;+:yfut ;xof]usf] nflu ;]jf k|bfos;Dd kxF'+r

jg Joj:yfkgsf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg d"Nofª\sg / of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof cjnDag u/L cEof; ul/Psf]

;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg d"Nofª\sg tyf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg tyf cg'udg ul/Psf] lqmofsnfkx¿sf] k|ltzt

;|f]tM /]8Kn; tflnd ;xlhs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L @)&)

81

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L #=#=%#=#=%#=#=%#=#=% /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] /]8Kn;jf6 x'g;Sg] ;xnfe;xnfe;xnfe;xnfex?sf] ;x?sf] ;x?sf] ;x?sf] ;"" ""rrrrLLLL

l;=g /]8Kn; lqmofsnfk k|d'v kmfO{bf ;xnfe

! jg ;+/If0f • sfj{g ;l~rtL a8\g] / To;sf] ljqmLaf6 cly{s nfex"g] .

• jg ljgfz tyf IfoLs/0f sdx'g]

• h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f

• e' ;+/If0f tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg

• d'xfg ;+/If0f eO{ hnljB't pTkfbg tyf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u

@ jgsf] lbuf] / j}1flgs Joj:yfkg

• pTkflbt\ sf7 bfp/f af6 cfly{s nfe x'g]

• sfj{g ;l~rtL a8\g] / To;sf] ljqmLaf6 cly{s nfe x'g] .

• jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg x'g]

• jg Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;d"xx?sf] ;xeflutf a8\g] .

• ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;

• cfly{s lasf; # jftfj/0Lfo ;]jf

e'QmfgL (PES) • :yflgo :t/df PES sf]

;'? x"g] / jg ;/+If0fstf{x?nfO{ lbuf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf] ;[hgf x'g] .

• jg Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;d"xx?sf] ;xeflutf a8\g]

• cfly{s lasf;

• e" ;+/If0f tyf hnfwf/ Joj:yfkg\

• d'xfg ;+/If0f eO{ hnljB't pTkfbg tyf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u .

$ :yfgLosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff

• :yfgLo ;d"xdf sfj{g :jfldTj :yflkt x'g] .

• :yfgLo ;d'bfo, dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / lk5l8Psf ju{sf] xs clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;dfg'kflts nfesf] Joj:yf

% Ifdtf ljsf; • ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] sfj{g cg'udg ug]{ Ifdtfdf ljsf; .

• jg Joj:yfkgdf z'zf;g, kf/blz{tf / ;dg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] ;'lgZrttf .

82

efu $efu $efu $efu $ M M M M ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f

kl/roMkl/roMkl/roMkl/roM /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff ;DaGwdf ljleGg kIfx¿sf af/]df :yfgLo:t/df tflnd tyf k|rf/–k|;f/sf dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ h?/L 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf /]8Kn; tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu :yfgLo:t/df :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx¿ tof/ kfb}{ cl3Nnf tLg ljwfcg';f/sf] :yfgLo:t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf aLr tflnd ;~Rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;Lk, 1fg pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . :yfgLo:t/df ;|f]t JolQm tof/ ePdf :yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] kx'Frdf ;"rgf /xg] x'G5 . /]8Kn; sfo{qmd lgdf{0f sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, d"Nofª\sgsf ljleGg r/0fdf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf eO{ /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogdf an k'Ub5 . o; ljwf df /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ ;xhstf{x¿sf] nflu cfjZos k|lzIf0f, ;Lk, 1fgsf laifodf 5nkmn ul/g]5 . o;df ;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0f tyf ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwsf ;fy} ;xhLs/0fsf] cEof; ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

p2]Zo M p2]Zo M p2]Zo M p2]Zo M /]8Kn; cjwf/0ff sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ;xhLs/0f ;Lk, 1fgnfO{ k|of]u u/L tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] .

;qx¿ M ;qx¿ M ;qx¿ M ;qx¿ M ;q !M ;xhLs/0f ;q @M tflnd ljlw ;q #,$, %M;xhLs/0f cEof;

83

efu $, ;q !efu $, ;q !efu $, ;q !efu $, ;q ! M M M M ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f kl/roMkl/roMkl/roMkl/roM s'g} klg tflnd, uf]i7L, sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf laz]ift ;xhstf{sf] ;xhLs/0fdf lge{/ ub{5 . ctM ;xhstf{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f eGg]af/] :ki6 x'g h?/L x'G5 . o; ;qdf ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] < / ;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx¿ tyf To;;+Fu ;DalGwt laifodf 5nkmn ug]{5fF}+ .

p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• ;xhLs/0fsf] cy{ atfpg ;Sg;x'g]5 . .

• ;xlhs/0fdf Wofg lbg' kg]{ slDtdf !) s'/f jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 .


ljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿Mljlwx¿M • k|jrg

• k|Zgf]Q/ tyf ljrf/ ;ª\sng

• ;fd'lxs 5nkmn

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM a|fpg k]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k tof/L Mtof/L Mtof/L Mtof/L M

• ;xhLs/0fsf] kl/efiff ;xhLs/0f lsg cfjZos k5{ tyf ;xhLs/0fsf d"ne"t tTjx¿sf] rf6{ tof/ ug]{ .

84

;q ;q ;q ;q ;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng lqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfklqmofsnfk

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿ af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=!=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= ;xefuLx¿df ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] egL Kn]g/Ldf % ldg]6 5nkmn u/fO{ cfkm\gf] sfkLdf n]Vg nufpg'xf]; .

3= ;xefuL dWo]af6 # hgf ;xefuLn] n]v]sf] kl/efiff k9\g nufO{ To;sf] ;f/f+z a|fpg k]k/df l6kf]6 u/L JofVof ug'{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=!=@_.

4= cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]qdf ;xhLs/0f lsg cfjZos kb{5 egL Kn]g/Ldf 5nkmn rnfpg] / 5nkmndf cfPsf a'Fbfx¿ l6kf]6 ub}{ tof/ kf/]sf] ;fdfu|L ;Fu k|;ª\u hf]8\b} 5nkmn ug]{ . o; sfo{sf] nflu !) ldg]6sf] ;do lbg'xf]; .

5= ;xhLs/0fdf ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf x'g] ePsf]n] ;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx¿sf af/]df sDtLdf # ;d"x agfO{ cEof; ug{ nufpg] . o;sf] nflu @) ldg]6sf] ;do 5'6\ofpg'xf]; .

6= ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] a|fpg k]k/nfO{ kfn} kfnf] km/s ;d"xsf ;fyLx¿af6 k9\g nufpg'xf]; .

7= cGTodf ;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx¿sf] JofVof ug'{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=!=#_. 8= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|i6 x'g k|Zg ug]{ df}sf lbO{ 5nkmn ub}{ lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]wL ;qsf]]

d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf]; M

• ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] < kl/efiff eGg'xf]; .

• ;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ s'g} kfFr d'Vo u'0fx¿ eGg'xf]; < !!= ;qsf]] ;f/f+z k|Zt't ub}{;qsf]] cGTo ug'{xf]; .

85

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lu|Lu|Lu|L ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L $=!=!$=!=!$=!=!$=!=! ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6


;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L $=!=@ ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf]$=!=@ ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf]$=!=@ ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf]$=!=@ ;xhLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;xefuLx¿nfO{ laifoj:t'sf] af/]df pgLx¿nfO{ cfk;d} l;Sg], l;sfpg] / a'emfpg] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg] sfo{ g} ;xhLs/0f xf] . ;d"x÷;d'bfodf s'g} laifoj:t'x¿ jf s'g} gf}nf 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffdf ;d"xsf] k|j[lQ, d"No / dfGotfdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpgsf nflu s'g} s'/fx¿nfO{ ;/n, ;xh, ;'ud agfpg' jf h]lnPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ km'sfpg' g} ;xhLs/0f ug'{ xf] .

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L $=! =#$=! =#$=! =#$=! =# ;xhstf{df x'g'kg;xhstf{df x'g'kg;xhstf{df x'g'kg;xhstf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx]{ u'0fx]{ u'0fx]{ u'0fx¿¿¿¿ • t6:y, • ;sf/fTds, • w}o{jfg, • :ki6, • ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|]/s • ;xefuLsf ljrf/ / cg'ejnfO{ hLljt /fvL JofVof ug]{ Ifdtfjfg, • ljleGg ljlwx¿sf k|of]udf lgk'0f, • d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;Ifd, • ;xsfo{df hf]8 lbg], • Wofgsif{0f ug{÷u/fpg ;Ifd, • JolQmut l6sf l6Kk0fL gug]{, / • ljifofGt/ ug{ ;Ifd .

86

efu $

;q @M ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿;q @M ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿;q @M ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿;q @M ;xhLs/0fsf ljlwx¿ kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/ tflnd ljlwsf] 5gf}6 u/L ;~rfng u/]df a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . o; ;qdf /]8Kn; tflnd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ k|of]u ul/g] tflnd ;~rfng ljlwsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/g]5 . p2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zoxp2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• ;xhLs/0fsf !) ljlwsf] gfd atfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • ljlw 5gf}6 ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ slDtdf % s'/f jtfpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . • tLgj6f ljlw k|of]u u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 .

;do M # 306f #) ldg]6 ljlwx¿M

• k|bz{g • k|jrg • k|Zgf]Q/ • ;d"x 5nkmn

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L M M M M a|fpg k]kkkk/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

87

;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿lqmofsnfkx¿lqmofsnfkx¿lqmofsnfkx¿

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=@=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= xfn;Dd ;xefuLx¿n] s'g} tflnddf ;xefuL eP gePsf] k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf]; . 3= tfnLddf ;xefuL ePsf dWo]af6 tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ ckgfOPsf lqmofsnfk ;f]Wb}

a|fpg k]k/df ;"rL tof/ ug'{xf]; . 4= tof/ ePsf] ;"rLnfO{ tflnd ljlw;Fu k|;ª\u hf]8\b} tfnLd ljlwsf k|sf/x¿sf] af/]

5nkmn ug'{xf]; . 5= k|To]s tflnd ljlwaf/] tflnddf s;/L ljlw k|of]u ePsf] lyof] 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; .

ljleGg ljlwsf ;an kIfsf af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg'xf]; . 6= ljlwsf] k|of]usf cg'ej;Fu} ca o; /]8Kn; tflnd Dofg'on ;~rfngdf s'g s'g ljlw

s'g s'g ;qdf k|of]u x'g;S5 To;sf] tflnsf k|:t'lt ug'{xf]; -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=@=@_ / oL ljlw cfpg] ;qdf 5nkmn ul/g]5 eGb} ;qsf] cGTo ug'{xf]; .

89

efu $

;q ;q ;q ;q #, $#, $#, $#, $, %, ^, %, ^, %, ^, %, ^ / / / / &&&&M M M M k|Zt'tLs/0fk|Zt'tLs/0fk|Zt'tLs/0fk|Zt'tLs/0f

kl/roMkl/roMkl/roMkl/roM o; ;qdf k|lzIfsn] k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ tflnd ;q ;~Rffng ljlwsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/P cg';f/ k|To]s ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|:t'lts/0fdf efu lng nufO{, k[i7kf]if0fdfkm{t k|lzIfsx¿df k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ;q ;~rfngdf yk ;Lk k|bfg u/L kf]Vt agfpg] sfo{ ul/G5 . ha;Dd k|lzIfsx¿n] k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ ;Sb}gg\ ta;Dd k|lzIfsdf ePsf] 1fgaf6 k|lzIffyL{x¿n] kmfObf lng ;Sb}gg\ . ctM k|:t'lts/0f z}nL ljsf; ug{ of] ;q a9L dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ p2]Zox¿ o; ;qsf]] cGTodf ;xefuLx¿M

• ljifoj:t' cg';f/ k|lzIf0f ljlw tof/ u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 .

• ;q ;~rfng ljlwdf cEo:t eO{ ;xhLs/0f u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g]5 .

;do M ;do M ;do M ;do M $$$$ 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwx¿M ljlwx¿M ljlwx¿M ljlwx¿M • e"ldsf clego

cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos cfjZos ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L MMMM • ;xefuLn] tof/L u/] cg';f/sf ;fdfu|Lx?

• a|fpg k]k/, dfs{/, dfl:sª 6]k

;q ;q ;q ;q ;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng;~rfng lqmofsnfkxlqmofsnfkxlqmofsnfkxlqmofsnfkx¿¿¿¿

1= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;qdf :jfut u/L ;qsf]] k[i7e"ld, p2]Zo, ;do, k|of]udf cfpg] ljlwx¿af/] -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=#=!_ ;+If]kdf k|sfz kfg'{xf]; .

2= k|To]s;xefuLx¿nfO{ !) ldg]6sf] ;dodf s'g} Ps ljifodf pko'St ljlw 5gf}6 ug{ nufO{ k|:t'lts/0fsf nflu sfo{ ljefhg ug'{xf]; .

3= ;q ;xhLs/0fsf tof/Lsf nflu ;xefuLx¿nfO{ !% ldg]6sf] ;do lbg'xf]; . 4= k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf]; / ;xefuLx¿ / ;xhstf{af6 k[i7kf]if0f -

;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L $=#=@_ lbg'xf]; . k|:t'lts/0f cEof;sf] nflu % ldg]6= k|:tl'ts/0f, @ ld= ;+If]kLs/0f, d"Nofª\s+gsf] nflu # ld= / k[i7kf]if0fsf nflu ;do 5'6\ofpg'xf]; .

90

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fd;fd;fd;fdffffu|Lx?u|Lx?u|Lx?u|Lx? ;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L $=#=!$=#=!$=#=!$=#=! ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft ;q ;'?cft a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6a|fpg l;6


;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L $=#=@$=#=@$=#=@$=#=@ k[i7kf]if0fsf nfk[i7kf]if0fsf nfk[i7kf]if0fsf nfk[i7kf]if0fsf nfllllu ;"ru ;"ru ;"ru ;"rLLLL k[i7kf]if0fsf nflu ljifout If]qx¿

• ljifo j:t' • ;do Joj:yfkg • ljlwsf] k|of]u • ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt • ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cfsif{0f tyf xfpefp

91

efu % M

tflndsf] clGtd d"Nofªtflndsf] clGtd d"Nofªtflndsf] clGtd d"Nofªtflndsf] clGtd d"Nofª\\\\sg / ;dfkgsg / ;dfkgsg / ;dfkgsg / ;dfkg

kl/rokl/rokl/rokl/ro ljifo tflnsfdf 5'6\ofOPcg';f/ ljifoj:t'sf] 5nkmn / k|:t'lt ePsf ;qx¿sf] ;+Zn]if0f;d]t eO;s]kl5 tflnd cf}krfl/s¿kdf ;dfkg ug'{k5{ . o; ;dfkgsf] qmddf tflndsf] clGtd d"Nofª\sg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . tflndsf] ;du| d"Nofª\sgn] tflnd slQsf] k|efjsf/L /x\of] eGg] s'/fsf] k[i7kf]if0f ug'{sf ;fy} tflndsf nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f, a;fO, ;xhstf{sf] k|:t'lt / ;xhLs/0f Ifdtfnufot cGo cfjZos ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Joj:yf s:tf] lyof] / cfufdL lbgx¿df s;/L oL s'/fx¿df ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg]af/] lg0f{o ug{ ;xof]u k'U5 . tflndk"j{sf] ;xefuL d"Nofª\sgdf b]lvPsf] ;xefuLsf] a'emfOsf] :t/ / clGtd d"Nofª\sgdf b]lvPsf] :t/aLrsf] cGt/n] tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf emNsfpF5 . o;}u/L ljlwjt\ tflndsf] ;dfkgdf cfPsf egfOx¿n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ Ps k|sf/sf] pTk|]/0ff lbg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿nfO{ tflndsf] Jofjxfl/s k|of]udf k|lta4 agfpg d4t u5{ . o; ;qdf cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s kIfx¿ / tflnd ;dfkgsfaf/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 .

clek|foMclek|foMclek|foMclek|foM • tflndsf /fd|f / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿sf] k[i7kf]if0f lng] . • tflnd cjlwe/sf ljifoj:t', ;~rfng k|lqmof / k|efjsfl/tf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ . • tflnd sfo{qmdsf] cf}krfl/s ;dfkg ug]{ .

;do;do;do;do ! 306f #) ldg]6

ljlwljlwljlwljlw k|Zgf]Q/, 5nkmn, dGtJo

cfjZos ;fdu|LcfjZos ;fdu|LcfjZos ;fdu|LcfjZos ;fdu|L XjfO6 af]8{, dfs{/x¿, d]6fsf8{, tflnd kZrftsf] d"Nofª\sg k|ZgfjnL

;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿;q ;~rfng lqmofsnfkx¿ 1= tflndsf ljifoj:t'x¿sf] ;+If]kLs/0f ug'{xf]; . 2= tflndk"j{ afFl8Ps} d"Nofª\sg k|ZgfjnL kmf/d -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L %=!_ afF8]/ eg{ cg'/f]w

ug'{xf]; . 3= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cg';"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf]] tflndsf] cGTodf k[i7kf]if0fsf nflu

tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ZgfjnL -;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L %=@_ ljt/0f u/]/ eg{sf nflu ;do k|bfg ug'{xf]; .

4= b'a} kmf/fdx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u / k[i7kf]if0fsf nflu wGojfb lbg'xf]; . 5= tflnd;DaGwL dGtJo Pshgf ;xhstf{, Ps dlxnf tyf Ps k'?if ;xefuLaf6

u/fpg'xf]; . 6= tflnd ;DaGwL dGtJosf nflu ;xefuL dWo]af6 ;a} eGbf kfsf] pd]/sf] ;xefuLnfO{ af]Ng

nufO{ wGojfb lbFb} tflndsf] ;dfkg ug{ nufpg'xf]; .

92

;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L %=! %=! %=! %=! clGtd k/LIf0f k|ZgfjnL clGtd k/LIf0f k|ZgfjnL clGtd k/LIf0f k|ZgfjnL clGtd k/LIf0f k|ZgfjnL /]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tf/]8Kn; tflnlnlnlndddd

cccclGtd lGtd lGtd lGtd k/LIf0f k|ZgfjnLk/LIf0f k|ZgfjnLk/LIf0f k|ZgfjnLk/LIf0f k|ZgfjnL v08 sv08 sv08 sv08 sMMMM j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ ----7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df7Ls pQ/df √ lrGxlrGxlrGxlrGx nufpg'nufpg'nufpg'nufpg'xf]; xf]; xf]; xf]; ._._._._

!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x Uof!= jfo'd08ndf a9]sf] xl/tu[x UofFF FF;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] 5 . ;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] 5 . ;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] 5 . ;sf] k|efjn] k[YjLsf] tfkqmd al9/x]sf] 5 . s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 / a'em]sf] 5' t/ JofVof ug{ ;lSbg u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

@= @= @= @= xl/tu[xxl/tu[xxl/tu[xxl/tu[x UofUofUofUofFF FF;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g <;x¿ s] s] x'g < s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 t/ gfddfq eGg ;S5' u= ;'g]sf] 5' t/ ofb ePg 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x Uof#= xl/tu[x UofFF FF; pT; pT; pT; pT;h{g;h{g;h{g;h{g tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] tyf Go"gLs/0fdf jg hËnsf] e"ldsfaf/] s= yfxf 5 / JofVof ug{ ;S5' v= yfxf 5 / a'em]sf] 5' t/ JofVof ug{ ;lSbg u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g

$= $= $= $= jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] jg ljgfz / jg IfoLs/0fsf] b/ sd u/L sfa{g pT;h{g s6f}lt ug{, jgsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{, jg sfj{g ;+/If0f ug{ / sfa{g ;l~rlt clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ul/g] sfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; elgG5 esfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; elgG5 esfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; elgG5 esfo{x?nfO{ ;du|df /]8Kn; elgG5 eGg] af/] . Gg] af/] . Gg] af/] . Gg] af/] .

s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln cln dfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= clxn];Dd ;'g]sf] 5}g .

%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] .%= jg ;+/If0faf6 ;l~rlt x'g] sfa{gnfO{ klg ahf/df Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] . s= a'em]sf] 5' / c¿nfO{ JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= clxn];Dd ;'g]sf] 5}g .

^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df .^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df .^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df .^= g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df . s= k'0f{ ?kdf hfgsf/ 5' / c?nfO{ klg a'emfpg ;S5' . v= cln cln hfgsf/ 5' . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' t/ hfgsf/ 5}g . 3= s]lx klg yfxf 5}g .

93

&= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] &= /]8 cjwf/0ffaf6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{ jg ;'zf;g h?/L 5 . jg If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf nflu sf] sf] lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5 .lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5 .lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5 .lhDd]jf/ b]Vg'x'G5 .

s= ;/sf/L sd{rf/L v= /fhg}lts g]tfx¿ u= jgpkef]Qmf ;d"x -;d'bfo cfkm}F_+ 3= dflysf ;a}

****= xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fh= xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fh= xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fh= xfd|f] ;dfh cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ g}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ g}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ g}lts lx;fan] ljleGg ju{df ljeflht 5 / o;sf] c;/ xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f . xfd|f] jg ;|f]tdflysf] kxF'+r / Joj:yfkg klqmofdf k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f .

s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g .

(= /]8Kn; ljsf;(= /]8Kn; ljsf;(= /]8Kn; ljsf;(= /]8Kn; ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? ./ Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? ./ Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? ./ Joj:yfkgsf k|d'v r/0fx? . s= a'em]sf] 5' / JofVof ug{ ;S5' . v= cln clndfq a'em]sf] 5', JofVof ug{ ;lSbg . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' . 3= s]xL yfxf 5}g .

!!!!))))= = = = g]kfndf g]kfndf g]kfndf g]kfndf /]8/]8/]8/]8Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df .Kn;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf af/]df . s= k'0f{ ?kdf hfgsf/ 5' / c?nfO{ klg a'emfpg ;S5' . v=cln cln hfgsf/ 5' . u= ;'g]sf] dfq 5' t/ hfgsf/ 5}g . 3= s]lx klg yfxf 5}g .

v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿v08 v ljifout k|Zgx¿

1= jg hËnaf6 sf7 bfp/f afx]s cGo ljljw jftfj/0fLo ;]jf k|fKt x'G5 . s]xL ;]jfx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf]; .

2= jg sfa{g pT;h{gsf ;|f]tx¿ s] s] x'g / jgsfa{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf]; .

3= /]8Kn;df cg'udg k|]if0f k|df0fLs/0f (MRV) eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < 4= /]8Kn; sfof{Gjogsf r/0fx? s] s] x'g < 5= g]kfndf /]8Kn; sfof{Gjog / nfef+z ljt/0fsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ sf] sf] x'g ;S5g <

94

;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;xhLs/0f ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L ;fdfu|L %=@%=@%=@%=@

;xefuL k[i7kf]if0f;xefuL k[i7kf]if0f;xefuL k[i7kf]if0f;xefuL k[i7kf]if0f k|Zgx¿k|Zgx¿k|Zgx¿k|Zgx¿

o; k[i7kf]if0fjf6 cfufdL tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ /fd|/L tof/L ug{ tyf ;~rfng ug{ d2t ug]{5 eGg] cfzf u/]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] lgDg k|ZgfjnL /fd|/L cWoog u/]/ ;s];Dd pbfx/0f ;lxt oxfFsf] ;'emfj kfpgsf nflu cfzfjfbL 5f} +.

!= tfnLd sfo{qmdsf p2]Zo / ljifoj:t'!= tfnLd sfo{qmdsf p2]Zo / ljifoj:t'!= tfnLd sfo{qmdsf p2]Zo / ljifoj:t'!= tfnLd sfo{qmdsf p2]Zo / ljifoj:t' k"/k"/k"/k"/} ;xdt} ;xdt} ;xdt} ;xdt ;xdt;xdt;xdt;xdt t6:y t6:y t6:y t6:y c;xdtc;xdtc;xdtc;xdt k"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdt

!=!= tfnLdsf p2]Zo :ki6 lyP

!=@ tfnLdsf ljifoj:t' p2]Zo;Fu d]n vfg] lyP

!=# tfnLd cljlw l7s lyof]

;'emfj;'emfj;'emfj;'emfj

@= ;|f]t JolSt÷@= ;|f]t JolSt÷@= ;|f]t JolSt÷@= ;|f]t JolSt÷;xhstf{;xhstf{;xhstf{;xhstf{ k"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdt ;xdt;xdt;xdt;xdt t6:yt6:yt6:yt6:y c;xdtc;xdtc;xdtc;xdt k"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdt

@=! ljifoj:t'df /fd|f] bVvn ePsf lyP

@=@ :ki6 / tfls{s ls;Ldn] ;];g rnfP

@=# /fd|f] tof/L ;fy cfPsf lyP

@=$ l7s lsl;dn] l7s ;fdfu|L k|:t't u/]

@=% ;xefuLnfO{ k|f]T;fxLt u/]

@=^ ;xefuLsf k|Zg tyf hL1f;fnfO{ /fd|/L ;Djf]wg u/]

@=& /]8Kn; ;DaGwL cWofjlws hfgsf/L lbP

@=* tflndsf ljifoj:t' k|rf;k|;f/ ug{ pko'Qm ljlw ;Daf]wg u/]

@=( ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/sf nflu cfjZos s'/fx¿ ;Daf]wg

u/]

@=!) /]8Kn;Dff Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu cfjZos a'emfO{ k|fbfg u/]


95

#= #= #= #= tfnLd ;fdfu|L / cEof;tfnLd ;fdfu|L / cEof;tfnLd ;fdfu|L / cEof;tfnLd ;fdfu|L / cEof; k"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdt ;xdt;xdt;xdt;xdt t6:yt6:yt6:yt6:y c;xdtc;xdtc;xdtc;xdt k"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdt

#=! kof{Kt :ki6 / ;fGbeL{s lyP

#=@ sfd ug]{ j]nfdf k|of]udf cfpg] lyP

#=# tflndsf ljifoj:t' k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ ;xof]uL lyP

#=$ tflndsf ljlwx¿ ljsf; ug{ ;xof]uL lyP

#=% ;do;fk]If, cWofjlws lyP

#=^ kof{Kt cfwf/e"t / hfgsf/Ld"ns lyP

;'emfj ;'emfj ;'emfj ;'emfj

$= jftfj/0f tfnLd xn, vfh$= jftfj/0f tfnLd xn, vfh$= jftfj/0f tfnLd xn, vfh$= jftfj/0f tfnLd xn, vfhffff tyf cGo tyf cGo tyf cGo tyf cGo ;'ljwf;'ljwf;'ljwf;'ljwf k"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdt ;xdt;xdt;xdt;xdt t6:yt6:yt6:yt6:y c;xdtc;xdtc;xdtc;xdt k"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdt

$=! tfnLd xnsf] Joj:yf /fd|f lyP

$=@ k|zf;lgs / cGo ;xof]u ;Gtf]ifhgs lyP

$=# vfgf ld7f tyf :jf:yjw{s lyP


%= %= %= %= sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fsfd ug]{ jftfj/0fsfd ug]{ jftfj/0fsfd ug]{ jftfj/0f k"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdtk"/} ;xdt ;xdt;xdt;xdt;xdt t6:yt6:yt6:yt6:y c;xdtc;xdtc;xdtc;xdt k"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdtk"/} c;xdt %=! l;s]sf kf7x¿ tyf ;Lkx¿ Jojxf/df

k|of]u ug{ xfnsf] sfdsf] jftfj/0f pko'Qm 5


^= ^= ^= ^= cfucfucfucfufdL lbgdf tfnLdnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj 5gfdL lbgdf tfnLdnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj 5gfdL lbgdf tfnLdnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj 5gfdL lbgdf tfnLdnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj 5g\\ \\ sL < sL < sL < sL <

;dfKt;dfKt;dfKt;dfKt

96

g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{ /]8Kn; tflnd /]8Kn; tflnd /]8Kn; tflnd /]8Kn; tflnd ;xlhs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L @)&);xlhs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L @)&);xlhs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L @)&);xlhs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L @)&)df pNn]lvt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?Mdf pNn]lvt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?Mdf pNn]lvt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?Mdf pNn]lvt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?M

tflnd ;~rfngsf qmddf cWoog ug{ ;lsg] ctflnd ;~rfngsf qmddf cWoog ug{ ;lsg] ctflnd ;~rfngsf qmddf cWoog ug{ ;lsg] ctflnd ;~rfngsf qmddf cWoog ug{ ;lsg] cGo ;fGble{s ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx¿Go ;fGble{s ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx¿Go ;fGble{s ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx¿Go ;fGble{s ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx¿

ssss ]xL g]kfnL k|sfzgx¿]xL g]kfnL k|sfzgx¿]xL g]kfnL k|sfzgx¿]xL g]kfnL k|sfzgx¿ 1= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Pj+ /]8;DaGwL zAbfjnL -g]kfnL efjfy{ ;d]t_, /]8 km/]i6«L tyf

hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{, aa/dxn sf7df8f}+ @)^& 2= hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx¿sf] ;dLIff / cg's"ngsf pkfox¿ ljZn]if0fsf nflu

;xeflutfd"ns ljlw / ;fdu|Lx¿-cEof;stf{x¿sf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;fdu|L_, hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd, dfr{, @)!)

3= nL–a8{ -@)^*_,hnjfo' kl/jt{g / s[lif M s[ifssf nflu ;xof]uL k'l:tsf, h}ljs ljljwtf, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo kxn -nL–a8{ , kf]v/f

4= jg sfa{g dfkg dfu{bz{g @)^&, /]8 km/]i6«L tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g OsfO{, aa/dxn, sf7df8f}+ @)^&

5= /]8 tyf cGo jg sfa{g kl/of]hgfsf] nflu jg sfa{g dfkg tflnd lgb]{lzsf, ljZj jGohGt' sf]if, k|sfzg

6= hnjfo' kl/jt{g, /]8Kn; / xfd|f] e"ldsf, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, g]kfn / l/sˆ6–hgtf / jgsf nflu s]Gb|,

7= jg ljgfz tyf jg IfoLs/0faf6 x'g] sfa{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f -/]8_, gf]/f8, Ol;df]8, PG;fa / km]sf]kmg

8= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t /]8Kn; M cflbaf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf nflu lgb]{lzsf, g]kfn cflbaf;L hghflt dxf;+3, hhjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8 ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd, @)^(

9= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t /]8Kn; M cflbaf;L hghflt k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf, g]kfn cflbaf;L hghflt dxf;+3, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8 ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd, @)^*

10= s] xf] jg km8fgL tyf jgsf] ljgfzaf6 x'g] sfa{g pT;h{gsf] s6f}tL-/]8_ < cflbaf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf nflu ky k|bz{s k':ts, g]kfn cflbaf;L hghflt dxf;+3, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8 ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd

11= hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf /]8 ;DaGwdf jg, e"ld / cflbaf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/, g]kfn cflbaf;L hghflt dxf;+3, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / /]8 ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd, @)^&

12= x]dGt cf]emf, /fhg sf]q', nIdLbQ e§ / lbn/fh vgfn -@)^^_ g]kfndf jftfj/0fLo ;]jf Joj:yfkgsf ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLx¿ M k"jL{ /fKtL hnfwf/ If]qsf] Ps cg'ej .

13= ;fd'bflos jgsf] nflu jg ;+jw{g Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;xof]uL k'l:tsf -@)^!_ j[If ;'wf/ tyf jg ;+j4{g OsfO{, jg ljefu .

14= jg If]q;Fu ;DaGwL zJbfjnL, @)^), j[If ;'wf/ tyf jg ;+j4{g OsfO{, jg ljefu .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf nflu s]xL pkof]uL j]a;fO6x?;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf nflu s]xL pkof]uL j]a;fO6x?;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf nflu s]xL pkof]uL j]a;fO6x?;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf nflu s]xL pkof]uL j]a;fO6x? 1. www.mofsc-redd.gov.np

2. http://www.reddnet.org

3. http://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org

4. www.icraf.cgiar.org

5. www.recoftc.org

6. www.un-redd.org

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yk ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?M ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

1= /]8 Kn; tflnd ;xhLs/0f cWoog ;fdfu|L, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo'

kl/jt{g OsfO{, aa/dxn, sf7df08f}, bf]>f] ;+:s/0f @)&)

2= /]8 Kn; tflnd ;xhLs/0f ;xof]uL k'l:tsf, jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno, /]8 km/]li6« hnjfo'

kl/jt{g OsfO{, aa/dxn, sf7df08f}, @)&)

3= ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x :tl/o ;'zf;g cg'lzIf0f ;xlhs/0f ;xof]uL k'l:tsf, ?kfGt/0f

g]kfn, ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd, @)&!

4= kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t cg's'ng tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf, Plss[t ljsf; ;dfh

g]kfn, ax';/f]sf/jfnf jg sfo{qmd, @)&!

5= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f Dog'cn, gfgL/fd ;'j]bL / ;Gtf]if zdf{ s]o/ g]kfn, !(((

6= k|lzIf0f tyf ;xlhs/0f tflnd k'l:tsf, g]kfn o"s] ;fd'bflos jg kl/of]hgf, !((&

7= kmf]6f tyf lrqx? ljleGg Website x? tyf ljleGg k|Zt'tLx? af6 ;+sng ul/Psf]n]

cflwsfl/stf pNn]v ug{ g;lsPsf]df Ifdf k|fyL{ .

8= Angelsen, A., & McNeill, D. (2012). The evaluation of REDD+. In A. Angelsen (Ed.),

Analysing REDD+: challanges and chioces. Borgor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

9= Angelsen, A., Streck, C., Peskett, L., Brown, J., & Luttrell, C. (2008). What is the

right scale for REDD. In A. Angelsen (Ed.), Moving ahead with REDD: issues,

options and implications. (pp. 31-40). Borgor, Indonesia: CIFOR

10= Johns, T., Merry, F., Stickler, C., Nepstad, D., Laporte, N., & Goetz, S. (2008). A

threefund approach to incorporating government, public and private forest

stewards into a REDD funding mechanism. International Forestry Review, 10(3),

458464.

11= UN-REDD. (2013). REDD+ reyond carbon: supporting decisions on safeguards and

multiple benefits. In B. Dicksona, M. Bertzkya, T. Christophersenb, C. Epplea, V.

Kaposa, L. Milesa, U. Narlocha & K. Trumpera (Eds.), Policy brief (Vol. 2). Geneva:

UN-REDD Programme.

12= World Bank. (2011). The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). New FCPF

brochure. Retrieved from www.forestcarbonpartnership.org.

13= Lhumeau, A., Barquin, L., Durbin, J., Franks P. 2014. REDD+ safeguards and REDD+

SES training kit. REDD SES Secretariate. Arlington, VA, USA

14= Websites: https://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/; http://www.un-redd.org/;

http://mofsc- redd.gov.np/, http://theredddesk.org/resources/little-redd-

book, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

98

/]8 sfof{Gjog s]Gb| dWod:t/Lo ;xhstf{sf nflu /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

k|fKt ;'emfj÷k[i7kf]if0fsf cfwf/df ;'wf/ ul/Psf] tflnsf ljleGg dxfg'efjn] Od]n, lnlvt ;'emfj / ldlt @)&@ cfiff9 !# ut] ePsf] ;fdfGo 5nkmn / ldlt @)&@ ;fpg !# ut] ePsf] lj:t[t 5nkmndf tklzn cg';f/ k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ePsf]n] ;f]lx cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 . qm=;+= k|fKt ;'emfj ul/Psf] ;'wf/

1= k[i7e"dLdf % a6} ljsf; If]qdf ;~rfng ePsf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f yk ul/g' kg]{

yk ul/Psf]

2= k"j{ k|ZgfjnLdf g]kfndf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yf yk ug'{ kg]{

yk ul/Psf]

3= j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg / bLuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf] 7fFpdf jgsf] bLuf] Joj:yfkg x'g' kg]{

;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf]

4= Climate Change and REDD+ Theory ePsf] 7fFpdf Concept n]Vg' kg]{ .

;f]lx cg';f/ ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf]

5= p2]Zodf dfks c+s ePsf] 7fFpdf slDtdf yKg' kg]{ .

;f]lx cg';f/ ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf]

6= xl/t u[x nfO{ xl/tu[x agfpg' kg]{ ;f]lx cg';f/ ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf] 7= /]8Kn;sf] kl/efiff eGbf cjwf/0ff eGg' pko'Qm

x'g] ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf]

8= ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L !=@=!=jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jfx¿ ;'wf/ ul/g' kg]{

;'wf/ ul/Psf]

9= sfj{g e08f/0f x'g] dfWodsf] 7fFpdf j:t'÷:yfg x'g' kg]{


10= hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0f / cg's'ng yk ul/g' kg]{

efu !, ;q @ df yk ul/Psf]

11= efu ! ;q #df ljZjdf /]8Kn; ;+u ;DalGwt ;+:yfx? cgluGtL ePs]fn] o; ;+u ;DalGwt p2]Zo x6fpg' kg]{

x6fOPsf]

12= Project nfO{ g]kfnLdf kl/of]hgf n]Vg] ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf] 13= :yfgLo ;d'bfo elgPsf] 7fFpdf cflbjf;L

hghftL klg yk ug'{ kg]{ ;a} 7fFpdf yk ul/Psf]

14= FCPF n]lvPsf ;j} 7fFpdf ljZj a}s n]Vg] ;a} 7fFpdf ;RofOPsf] 15= efu ! ;q $ df df]8]nsf sf/0fx?sf] ;§f

;Defjgf / r'gf}tL x'g' kg]{ ;f]lx cg';f/ ;RofO{Psf]

99

16= ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=@ nfO{ kl/dfh{g ul/g' kg]{

kl/dfh{g ul/Psf]

17= ;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L @=$=#=sf ;j} c+u|hL zJbx?nfO{ g]kfnLdf /fVg' kg]{

;f]lx cg';f/ ul/Psf]

18= g]kfndf /]8Kn; z'/Iff ;DaGwL ;fdfu|L yk ul/g' kg]{ =

;xlhs/0f ;fdfu|L @=*=$ yk ul/Psf]

19= /]8Kn; ljsf;qmdsf] 7fFpdf /]8Kn; ljsf;sf r/0f x'g' kg]{


20= /]8Kn; z'/Iff l;4fGt k'/} /fVg' kg]{ ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] ?kdf k'/} /flvPsf] 21= kfFrf} ;qsf] p2]Zodf /]8Kn;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

elgPsf]df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf jgfpg' kg]{ yk ul/Psf]

]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf · /]8Kn; tflnd ;xof]uL k'l:tsf ... 1 • •

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