8/19/2015 - Denton Independent School District · 2019-09-18 · The Virginia and New Jersey Plans...
Transcript of 8/19/2015 - Denton Independent School District · 2019-09-18 · The Virginia and New Jersey Plans...
8/19/2015
1
American Government: Roots and Reform, 2014 Election Update, 12eO'Connor | Sabato | Yanus
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Roots of the U.S. Constitution
Trade and Taxation
First Steps Toward Independence
The First Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress
The Declaration of Independence
2.1
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Trade and Taxation
Mercantilism Strict import/export controls
Widely ignored
Costly French and Indian War New taxes on sugar and paper items
Sugar Act
Stamp Act
"No taxation without representation"
2.1
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First Steps Toward Independence
Stamp Act Congress formed to address
grievances
Boston Massacre, 1770
2.1
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First Steps Toward Independence
Committees of Correspondence build
public opinion against Britain.
Boston Tea Party
Coercive Acts of 1774 (Intolerable Acts) Quartering of British troops
2.1
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The First Continental Congress
First Continental Congress September, 1774
56 delegates
Declaration of Rights and Resolves
2.1
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The Second Continental Congress
Battle of Lexington and Concord
Second Continental Congress May, 1775
Olive Branch Petition (July 5, 1775)
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
2.1
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The Declaration of Independence
Committee of Five
Thomas Jefferson Principal author
John Locke Social contract theory
Life, liberty, and property
2.1
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The First Attempt at Government: The Articles of Confederation
Problems Under the Articles of
Confederation
Shays's Rebellion
2.2
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Problems Under the Articles of Confederation
No power to tax
No power to regulate commerce
No executive to implement laws
No judicial system
No coercive power over states
2.2
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Shays's Rebellion
Farmers protest farm foreclosures
Shays and followers shut down court
No state militia to quell the uprising
2.2
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What was the result of Shays's Rebellion? 2.2
North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy
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The Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing the U.S. Constitution
The Characteristics and Motives of the
Framers
The Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Constitutional Compromises
Unfinished Business: The Executive
Branch
2.3
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Characteristics and Motives of the Framers
All wealthy white males Most young
Some slave owners
Relatively educated
Social motives Maintain social order which benefited them
Economic motives Maintain property rights which benefited them
2.3
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The Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Virginia Plan Large states
Powerful central government
Representation based on population
New Jersey Plan Small states
Weak central government
Representation by state
2.3
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Constitutional Compromises
The Great Compromise Bicameral legislature
Number of representatives based on population
Representatives directly elected
States given equal votes in Senate
Senators elected by state legislatures
Division of power between national and state
governments
2.3
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American Government: Roots and Reform, 2014 Election Update, 12eO'Connor | Sabato | Yanus
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Constitutional Compromises
The Issue of Slavery No limits for 20 years
The Three-Fifths Compromise Representation determined by counting slaves as
three-fifths of a person
Gave southern states more representatives
2.3
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Unfinished Business: The Executive Branch
One-person executive
4-year term
Electoral College
Impeachment
2.3
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The U.S. Constitution
The Basic Principles of the Constitution
The Structure of the Constitution
2.4
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The Basic Principles of the Constitution
Federalism Power divided between national and state governments
National government considered supreme
Power derived from the people
2.4
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The Basic Principles of the Constitution
Separation of Powers Executive branch
Legislative branch
Judicial branch
Checks and Balances Each branch has powers to check the other two
branches.
2.4
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What are the separation of powers and checks and balances under the U.S. Constitution?
2.4
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TABLE 1.1 How do the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution compare to one another?
2.4
continued on next slide
TABLE 2.1 How do the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution Compare to One Another?
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2.4
TABLE 1.1 (continued) How do the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution compare to
one another?
TABLE 2.1 How do the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution Compare to One Another?
American Government: Roots and Reform, 2014 Election Update, 12eO'Connor | Sabato | Yanus
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Structure of the Constitution
Article I: The legislative branch
Article II: The executive branch
Article III: The judiciary branch
Articles IV through VII
2.4
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Structure of the Constitution
Article I: Legislative branch Enumerated powers
Necessary and proper clause
Also called the Elastic clause
Implied powers
2.4
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Structure of the Constitution
Article II: Executive branch commander in chief
authority to make treaties and federal appointments
execute the laws faithfully
2.4
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Why does the president deliver a State of
the Union Address?2.4
Virginia Mayo/ AP Images
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Structure of the Constitution
Article III: Judiciary branch
Articles IV through VII Full faith and credit
Supremacy clause
Amendment process
2.4
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Ratifying the U.S. Constitution
Federalists versus Anti-Federalists
The Federalist Papers
Winning Support for the Constitution
Bill of Rights
2.5
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Federalists Versus Anti-Federalists
Federalists favored strong national
government.
Anti-Federalists favoured strong state
governments.
Ratification process was contentious
2.5
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The Federalist Papers
85 essays by Federalists Alexander Hamilton (51)
James Madison(26)
John Jay(3)
Appeared in New York newspapers
Theoretical, scholarly
Anti-Federalists responded with critique
of Constitution
2.5
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Winning Support for the Constitution
Delaware first state
Small states before others
New Hampshire 9th state
New York and Virginia
2.5
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The Bill of Rights
Condition of ratification Sought by Anti-Federalists to protect civil liberties
First ten amendments to Constitution
2.5
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TABLE 2.2 What Were the Differences Between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?
2.5
American Government: Roots and Reform, 2014 Election Update, 12eO'Connor | Sabato | Yanus
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Toward Reform: Methods of
Amending the U.S. Constitution
Formal Methods of Amending the
Constitution
Informal Methods of Amending the
Constitution
2.6
American Government: Roots and Reform, 2014 Election Update, 12eO'Connor | Sabato | Yanus
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Formal Methods of Amending
the Constitution
Proposal Two-thirds members of both houses
Two-thirds of state legislatures
Never used
Ratification Vote in state legislature
Vote in ratifying convention
2.6
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FIGURE 2.2 How can the U.S. Constitution be amended?
2.6
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Informal Methods of
Amending the Constitution
Judicial interpretation Supreme Court can decide if laws are unconstitutional.
Social and cultural change Legislation can alter balance of power between
government and states.
Technological change Media is redefining free speech.
2.6