8.1 Cellular Transport - …interactivebiology.s3.amazonaws.com/handouts/BioCh8ho.pdf · Ch 8:...
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Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle 8.1 Cellular Transport Section 8.1 Osmosis Passive vs. Active Transport Transport of Large Particles Inside This Section... Diffusion of water across a ______________ ____________ membrane Water tries to reach equal _________________ on both sides of the membrane Since water is important for life, regulating water flow across the __________ is important What is Osmosis? Section 8.1 www.Interactive-Biology.com
Transcript of 8.1 Cellular Transport - …interactivebiology.s3.amazonaws.com/handouts/BioCh8ho.pdf · Ch 8:...
Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
8.1 Cellular Transport
Section 8.1
Osmosis
Passive vs. Active Transport
Transport of Large Particles
Inside This Section...
Diffusion of water across a ______________ ____________ membrane
Water tries to reach equal _________________ on both sides of the membrane
Since water is important for life, regulating water flow across the __________ is important
What is Osmosis?
Section 8.1
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Section 8.1
All cells are surrounded by water
3 kinds of solutions surround cells:
__________ solution
___________ solution
____________ solution
Osmosis in Cells
Section 8.1
Concentration of dissolved substances is _______ in the solution outside the cell
Osmosis moves water ________ the cell
Animal cells shrivel because of ____________ pressure
Plant cells loose water mainly from vacuole. Plasma membrane and cytoplasm shrink away from ____________ (Wilting)
Hypertonic Solution
Section 8.1
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_______ concentration on dissolved substances inside and outside the cell
No _______________
Cells in this ______________ do not change shape
Isotonic Solution
Section 8.1
Concentration of dissolved substances is ________ in the solution outside the cell
Osmosis moves water _____ the cell
Increased pressure can cause animal cells to burst if the __________ is to high
Plant cells don’t burst because of the rigid __________
Hypotonic Solution
Section 8.1
Section 8.1
Animal Cells
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Section 8.1
Plant Cells
The movement of particles across the membranes by diffusion
Doesn’t require ________
Particles ALWAYS move down a concentration gradient (_____ concentration to _____ concentration)
Passive transport of materials across the membrane with the help of protein channels is called _____________ Diffusion
Passive Transport
Section 8.1
Passive Transport
Section 8.1
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Facilitated Diffusion
Section 8.1
The movement of particles across the membrane _________ a concentration gradient
Requires energy
Uses a ____________________
The particle binds to the protein
Chemical energy allows the protein to change _________
Particle is released on the other side
Active Transport
Section 8.1
Active Transport
Section 8.1
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_______________: When a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment
Used to take in food particles, or even whole cells
_____________: When a cell secretes material into its environment
Used to get rid of waste, to secrete hormones etc
Transport of Large Particles
Section 8.1
Section 8.1
Osmosis
Passive vs. Active Transport
Transport of Large Particles
In Review...
Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
8.2 Cell Growth and Reproduction
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Section 8.2
Cell Size Limitations
Cell Reproduction
The Cell Cycle
Organization of Cells
Inside This Section...
Section 8.2
_________ is Slow
_____
Surface Area-to-volume _______
3 Reasons why Cells are Small
Diffusion is slow and ____________ over large distances.
Cells usually range between 2 and 200 micrometers in diameter.
If a cell had a 20 cm diameter, a mitochondria at the center of the cell would have to wait __________ before receiving molecules that enter the cell
This limits the _____ that cells can be.
Diffusion is Slow
Section 8.2
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The bigger the cell, the more proteins the cell needs, the more _____ necessary.
Some larger cells have more than one ___________.
DNA Limits Cell Size
Section 8.2
Surface area is the amount of __________ surface
Volume tells how much can fit in the cell
The larger the cell, the smaller the surface to volume ratio
As cell size increases, the volume increases ________ than surface area
It is better to have many small cells than one large cell.
Easier for ___________ to come in and wastes to leave.
Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Section 8.2
Section 8.2
All cells come from cells
When one cell divides, the result is 2 __________ cells.
Chromosomes are the structures that contain genetic information in the form of _____
Cell Reproduction
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Section 8.2
Most of a cell lifetime, chromosomes exist as ____________
Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins
Looks like tangled up spaghetti
This is when the blueprints for making _________ is copied
When it is time for cells to divide, chromatin gets reorganized into ______________.
Cell Reproduction
Section 8.2
The cell cycle is the sequence of _________ and division.
Most of its life, the cell is in the growth period called ____________.
Then the cell enters a period of nuclear division called __________
From 1 cell, we get 2 daughter cells
The Cell Cycle
Section 8.2
The Cell Grows
The Cell Copies its _____________
Mitochondria and other _____________ are assembled
Interphase
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Section 8.2
__rophase
__etaphase
__naphase
__elophase
4 Phases of Mitosis
Section 8.2
__________ Phase of _________
The long stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes
Sister chromatids are the two halves of the chromosomes
Sister chromatids are connected via a ______________
Nucleus disappears as nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrates.
The pair of ____________ separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Phase 1: Prophase
Section 8.2
Phase 1: Prophase
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Section 8.2
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosome via the ______________
Chromosomes are then pulled to the ________ (Metaphase Plate)
Phase 2: Metaphase
Section 8.2
The Sister _____________ Separate
Centromeres split apart.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the shortening of the ______________.
Phase 3: Anaphase
Section 8.2
Reversal of many changes that happen in prophase.
Chromosomes ________
Spindles break down
____________ reappears and nuclear envelop forms
Phase 4: Telophase
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Section 8.2
Happens after telophase
The cell’s ___________ divides.
Two new cells are ___________.
Cytokinesis
Section 8.2
Overview of the Cell Cycle
Section 8.2
The Organization of Cells
Cells Tissue Organ
Organ SystemOrganism
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Section 8.2
Cell Size Limitations
Cell Reproduction
The Cell Cycle
Organization of Cells
In Review...
Ch 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
8.3: Control of Cell Cycle
Section 8.3
Cell Cycle Control
Cancer
Inside This Section...
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Certain enzymes usually regulate cell division.
A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of a _________.
Sometimes cells divide uncontrollably.
In some cases, the result is _________.
Cancer is thought to be a result of changes in one or more genes that are involved in the control of the ______ ________.
Cell Cycle Control
Section 8.3
Cancerous cells form masses of tissue called ________ that deprives cells of nutrients.
Cancer cells can also spread throughout the body via the bloodstream and form new tumors (____________)
Cancer
Section 8.3
Section 8.3
Cell Cycle Control
Cancer
In Review...
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