802.11 Chapter6WLAN

NWLink

1. NWLink 2. TCP/IP

NAT--NAT (Network Address Translation,) : IP

ICSNATIPNAT. (1) IP (192.168.0.2~192.168.0.254)(2) DHCP192.168.0.1IP

ICSIPIP

APIP = 192.168.0.1IP = 192.168.0.206IP = 192.168.0.112

AP

AiroPeekapwdemo.exe

WLANInfrastructure ModeAd-hoc ModeInfrastructure ModeBSS(Basic Service Set)ESS(Extended Service Set)802.11APWLANBSS()APDS(Distribution System)WLANESSDSWLAN6.1WDS(Wireless DS)APWDS

6.1 APWDS

1

1

11WDS

Dual Radio AP

WLAN TopologyWLANWLAN802.11WLANWLANLAN-to-LAN802.11Bridge802.11

6.2 WLANAP

WLAN

WirelessLAN-to-LAN

6.1AP (Access Point)APWLANWLANAPAPLAN SwitchHub6.3AP6.4APWLAN

6.1.1AP(Root Mode)AP()APAPAPAPClient6.5

6.5 AP

AP (Root)

AP (Root)

Fast Roaming Study Group

802.11f

SSID(802.11fESSID)6/12/03802.11fESSSSIDRouterRouterVLANSSIDVLANWLANSubnetESS6.6

802.11fVLANRoamingMobleIPMobileIPMHCHHAFACOA(Care of Address)6.76.8RouterMobileIPAdvertisementDoaminCOAMH(MNMobile Node)Home NetworkHomeCOAHome Agent(COA)

(Bridge Mode)WLANBridgeAPGatewayWLANBridgeAPBridgeBridgeAPBridge6.9BridgeClient()Bridge

(Repeater Mode)APUplinkAPeAPClientAPAPWDSAPAP50%Repeater APClient

6.1.2AP802.11 Client802.3 Ethernet802.5 Token RingAP(1) (2) (3) RF(4) Dual Mode(5) (6) Load Sharing(7) Hot-Standby(8) Auto-Switch to Repeater(9) VLAN(10) QoS(11) (12)

AD (Antenna Diversity)APAPADAPClientRFADAPRFMultipath

APMACProtocolSOHOAPFilterAPMACMAC AddressOSIMAC (Medium Access Control)6ByteByteIEEEBytePromiscuous ModeMAC AddressMAC Address Filter

RFAPPCWLANAP(Dual RadioDual Mode)APBridge()APAPAP2AP802.11b111802.11b APRadio

Dual ModeAPWLAN802.11g802.11aDuel Mode APWLAN Client802.11 FHSS ClientAP(1) 802.11b(2) 802.11b(3) Dual Mode

AP(mW)ClientAPAPAPClientRF

Load SharingAPChannelClientAPMACClientAPClientLoad SharingLoad Balance(6.11)

Hot StandbyAPHot-StandbyActiveStandbyStandby APClientLANRFActive APLANWLANStandby APActive APActive AP

RepeaterAPAPConfigSwitch to Repeater ModeDisassociateClientMACAPRepeaterAPClientSSIDAP

VLANAPVLANSSID6.14VLANVLANVLANSSIDVLANCoSThroughutVLANVoWLANCoS ThroughputPrioritySSIDSSIDVLAN

APVLANAPVLANSwitch802.1QVLAN

QoSVoWLANVoIPPC-BasedVoIPVoWLANAPQoSVoWLANAPVoice VoiceVideoeMailRouterCoSCoSQoS APPriority802.11eAPQoSVoice

6.175GHzAPUNII-1UNII-2FCCUNII-1UNII-1UNII-2PCMCIAPatchDiversityPCPCPatch

6.18Patch

6.18

54Mbps

18Mbps

18Mbps

6Mbps

6Mbps

5dBi Omni- 60 ft (18 m) @ 54 Mbps- 130 ft (40 m) @ 18 Mbps- 170 ft (52 m)@ 6 Mbps

6dBi Patch- 70 ft (21 m) @ 54 Mbps- 150 ft (45 m) @ 18 Mbps- 200 ft (61 m) @ 6 Mbps

54Mbps

X

Y

6.19APPatchDual Mode AP2.4GHz

AP10/100BaseTx100BaseTx100BaseFx1000BaseTxAPClientAPAP802.11g802.11aAP1000BaseTx

802.11bFault Tolerance 802.11bFault ToleranceAP802.11bChannel 1Channel 11ClientSSIDAPAPAPAPIAPP802.11fClientAPFault ToleranceHot StandbyThroughput

6.1.3Wi-FiSOHO APMACAPClient10/100BaseTx10BaseTxSOHOAPAPSOHOAP

(SOHO)APMACWEP (64- or- 128-bit)USBConsoleWEBHomePlugHomePNA

APWEBtelnetSNMP802-1x/EAPPlenumPoE

APWEBRouting ()telnetSNMP Repeater802-1x/EAP BridgeRADIUS Client Hot StandbyVLAN Load SharingVPN Client Plenum(VLAN/IP/SSID) PoE

6.1.4AP2.4GHz APClient100mW5GHz AP40mWClient20W2.4GHz AP2.2dBiClient0dBi5GHz AP5dBiClient5dBi PatchAP6.21

54802.11b APAP12

6.23FM

6.24AP12Data Rate54MbpsThroughputData Rate50%AP7Throughput27/7=3.86MbpsAPAP512Throughput27/12=2.25Mbps10Throughput22.538.6Mbps

8ChannelCellChannelChannel 7Channel 8FCC5.475.725GHzUNII-211

802.11b AP802.11a Module802.11a1254Mbps Data Rate1AP142427MbpsThroughputThroughput1.131.93Mbps

Cell802.11a802.11b WLAN802.11b Cell802.11b AP

6.2WLANPtPPtMP26.286.29WLANAntenna Diversity2.4GHz13

6.2.1BridgeBridgePoENEMABridgeBridgeBridge(1) (Root Mode)(2) (Non-root Mode)(3) AP(4) Repeater

(Root Mode)802.1D Spaning TreeRoot ModeRoot BridgeNon-Root BridgeClientRoot Bridge6.30Root BridgeNon-RootRoot BridgeNon-Root Bridge

(Non-root Mode)Non-root BridgeRoot BridgeNon-root BridgeClientDual RadioAP802.1DSpanning Tree Protocol802.3Non-root BridgeRoot Bridge

APAPAPRadioAPBridgeBridgeAPAPRadioAntenna DiversityRadioRadioRadio2.4GHzChannelFirmware ReloadAP

Repeater6.31RepeaterRFThroughputRepeater BridgeNon-Root BridgeDisable

6.2.26.32PtMP(1) dBi(2) (3) dBi(4) EIRP(5) EIRP(6) (dBi)(7)

6.33ThroughputBeamwidth90BeamwidthBridgeSide LobeBack Lobe()45Bridge

Throughput2.4GHzChannelCo-Locate3ChannelBridge6.342.4GHz FHSSCo-Locate1526BridgeFHSS

6.35Throughput

6.361611

6.37ThroughputSide LobeBack Lobe

6.2.3AP(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) RF(7) (8)

NEMA

Bridge60MultipathCircular Polarity

20026Alvarian5GHz Bridge5GHz OFDM BridgeCiscoAironet 1400 5.8GHzCOFDM (Coded OFDM) Bridge

APBridgeFHSS5GHz OFDM Bridge802.11b802.11g802.11aBridgeBridgeBridge802.11802.11xWMANWLAN BridgeWLAN BridgeWLANWMANAP802.11b Client10Bridge

BridgeMACProtocolBridgeMACClientProtocolProtocol37ProtocolProtocolWLANPortProtocol

RFAP4APAPRepeaterThroughput

RFPtPFCC

6.2.4APConsoletelnetHTTPSNMPPoE()ThroughputThroughputIPHardware ResetSoftware Reset

6.2.5Bridge802.11b WLAN Bridge802.11bBridgeBridgeWISP

6.38

PCIPC Card

PCIPC Card

1.6 Km @ any data rate

Access Point to ANY Client - Maximum Distance

40 Km @ 2 Mbps18.5 Km @ 11 Mbps

Bridge to ANY Client - Maximum Distance

AP

AP

LOS4083EIRP6.39

6.39 Bridge

10dB Fade Margin

Data Rate (Mbps)Max. Distance (KM)Antenna6.7dB/100ft Cable

1133.021 dBi Dish50 ft

1152.521 dBi Dish20 ft

5.552.421 dBi Dish50 ft

266.021 dBi Dish50 ft

183.221 dBi Dish50 ft

YagiYagiDishYagi11Mbps5DishBridgeBeamWLAN Bridge

6.40 BridgeData Rate

BridgeHow Fast

Data Rate11 Mbps2 Mbps

Throughput5.5Mbps1 Mbps

How Far

Yagi5.8 km11.7 km

Dish33 km40+ km

BridgeYagiDishAPBridgeRP-TNC (Reversed Polarity Threaded Naval Connector)TNCRP-TNCAPBridgeThird-PartyRP-TNCSplitterRFRF

6.41 Bridge

13.5 dBi Yagi 11.7 Km @ 2 Mbps5.8 Km @ 11 Mbps

21 dBi Solid Dish40+ Km @ 2 Mbps 33 Km @ 11 Mbps

: Distances include 50 feet of low loss cable and 10 dB fade margin

610326

6.42

LOS6 miles (9.7 Km)

WLAN Bridge40

FresnelBridge60%Fresnel Zone(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

6.43 Fresnel

- - - -

60%Fresnel ZoneRF

FCH6.44

()2.4GHz (F, ft)(C, ft)(H, ft)1.6103138305351644135724552883366550115407278150

6.44

60% Fresnel (F)

Earth Curvature (C)

(H)

60% Fresnel Zone + Earth Curvature40Line-of-Sight

H = F + C

6.45DishDish360Down-tilt

BridgeBridge6.46BridgeConsole100%

6.46

Id Bridge MAC 18 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 100% -10 dBm 100% 17 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 100% -10 dBm 100% 16 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 45% -73 dBm 100% 15 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 38% -77 dBm 100% 14 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 100% -10 dBm 100% 13 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 58% -67 dBm 100% 12 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 38% -77 dBm 88% 11 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 63% -64 dBm 100% 10 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 100% -10 dBm 96% 9 Bridge #1 00084736fd19 45% -73 dBm 91%

6.47RFIREIRPFCCProfessional InstallerRF

6.47

50 dBm (100 Watts)

20 dBm (100 mW)

25 miles (40 Km)

825 miles (1320 Km)!

6.48AP802.11WLAN Client802.11bAP802.11bData Rate2MbpsThroughput1MbpsClientThroughput200Kbps2Mbps Bridge11Mbps Bridge

6.48 BridgeBridge

2Mbps11Mbps200Kbps Throughput

11 Mbps Bridge

2 Mbps Bridge

2 Mbps Bridge

2 Mbps Bridge

2 Mbps Bridge

2 Mbps Bridge

6.49BridgeDish40BridgeBridgeRepeater80SplitterBridge3dBSplitter4dBSplitter1/22240%

6.49 Splitter

40 Km..

80 Km!

21dBi Dish12dBi11Mbps1121dBi DishRepeater BridgeThroughput

6.50 OmniRepeater?

40 Km..

80 Km!

BridgeDual RFBridgeSSIDThroughputBridge15% Throughput

6.51

Channel 1

Channel 11

6.3(Work Group BridgeWGB)ClientClientClient802.1D Spanning Tree Bridge

Protocol

6.3.1MACProtocol(MAC)815WLANAP30ClientPCPCThroughput

6.3.2ConsoletelnetHTTPSNMPIPReset

6.4Client(1) PCCF(2) (3) USB(4) PCIISA

6.4.1PCCFCF(Compact Flach)PCSD(Secure Digital)MMC (MultiMedia Card)CFPC6.54

6.4.2Print Server6.55WLAN PC

6.4.3USBUSBUSBUSB(P&PPlug & Play)USBUSB Adapter()PCUSBPCPCUSB6.56USB ClientAntenna Diversity

6.56 USB Client

6.4.4PCIISAPCIISAPCIP&PPCPCISAP&P6.57PCPCIPCI

6.4.5(1) (2)

PCP&P(Plug & Play)CDClientWLAN

(1) ()(2) (3) (4) (4) (5) Profile(6) 6.58APData Rate(Mbps)SNR(dB)Singal Strength(dBm)Noice Level(dBm)Singal StrengthNoise LevelSNR

ClientMACAPAPUnicastMulticast

AssociateSSIDAssociateAP

SessionFrameError CountRTS/CTSWLAN

ClientAssociateAP

Signal QualitySignal Strength

WLAN ClientProfileClient ProfileClient NameAPAssociation TableMACSSIDClientAPClientAPSSIDAsociateWLAN

RFPreambleWorld ModeScanFragmentCCA(Clear Channel Assessment

ClientClientClient

Security Type80.1X/EAPVPNLEAPPEAPNoneWEPWEPWEP Key

(1) /Ad-Hoc(2) SSID()(3) (Ad-Hoc)(4) WEP(5) (Open SystemShared Key)

6.5TelematicsWLAN6.68WLAN

6.6ClientInternetLANHubSwitchAPWANInternet(1) (2) ADSL(3) (4)

6.69 Wireless RG

RG

RG

6.6.1(1) PPPoE(Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)(2) NAT(Network Address Transl- ation)(3) PAT(Port Address Translation)(4) (5) (6) (7) Fail-over routing(8) VPN(VPN)(9) DHCP Server Client(10)

6.6.2RGServerISPLANVPNRGConsoletelnetUSBConsoletelnetUser-FriendlyIPVPNClient

6.7WLAN(Gateway)WLANFault ToleranceWLANCoSProfile

WLANCPUAPAPWLANWPAN802.11BluetoothHomeRFSNMPProfileHot Fail-OverRADIUSLDAPWindows NTVPN6.716.72

WLANGateway20APGateway200APGatewayRoamingRoamingSSIDSSIDVLANIP SubnetIP NetworkGatewayGatewayIP Address6.73

6.7.1Console Ports (CLI)telnetHTTPHTTPS ServersConsoleAPAPTFTPSwitchRouter1U2U

6.8WLANWLAN(WLAN Switch)1997 WLANWLANWLANWLAN SwitchWLANWLAN4GWLAN Switch

6.8.1(Smart Antenna)6.74SDMA WLAN SwitchBeam300BeamBeam SwitchAPWLANAP

6.75 WLAN Switch

Smart Antenna, Phased-Array Antenna

: 108

Beamwidth 100, 25dBi

EIRP: 44dBm, 25W

3 Beams, 3 Channels

(Mbps/dBm)1/-952/-92 5.5/-89 11/-86

(Mbps/m) 1/6002/500 5.5/400 11/300

(Mbps/m) 1/25002/2000 5.5/1250 11/1000

(Mbps/km) 1/7.22/6.0 5.5/5.1 11/4.2

Panel-to-Panel50km/31mile

Active Users150

(Active Antenna)Active Antenna(DBSDirect Broadcast Satellite)LNB (Low Noise Block)LNBLNA(PCB)LNAHPA

DSPDSPArray Antenna()Array AntennaDSPArray Antenna

WLAN Switch802.11b2.4GHz Band14Channel(FCC11Channel)Channel 12.412GHzAPChannel 1Bandwidth11MHzThroughput5.5Mbps30WLAN APInternetAPHub183KbpsAP30BeamSDMASwitch5.5MHz ThroughputAP30WLAN SwitchLANGigabit Ethernet

Smart AntennaAd-HocWLAN SwitchBeamClientBeamSmart Antenna4GWISP4GMesh Network()Smart AntennaBeam

6.8.2WLANWLAN SwitchBeamWLAN Switch1506.76

WLAN5050BeamSwitch2,500(Beam)6.77

WLAN SwitchEthernet SwitchBeamWLAN SwitchWLAN SwitchBeamAPHijack()Beam

GPSWLANWLANEkahauNewburyProprietary(Differential GPS)APBSA(Basic Service Area)3~520%APGPSWLAN SwitchWLANLEN(Location Enabled Network)

WLAN Switch900MHzNLOS(Non Line of Sight)2.45GHzWLAN Switch2.4GHz5.8GHzNLOS BridgeWLAN Switch25dBiWLAN Switch()WLAN Switch100LOS(LOSAP)

WISPWISP10WLAN SwitchAPMAC AddressUser IDWLAN SwitchHotSpotAPIDWISPWiPOP (Wireless Point-of-Presence)AAA/Roaming/BillingServerWISPSOHOHotSpot

4GWISPVoWLANWISPBeamWLAN SwitchSwitchVoIP GatewayPDAVoWLAN4GPDAADSL3G2G4GPC4G

HotSpotHotSpotAPWLAN SwitchWLAN Switch5.8GHzBackhaulMSC (Mobile Switching Center)WLAN SwitchBackhaul400HotSpotWLAN Switch Backhaul(HotSpot)4,000HotSpotHotSpotAPMultiple VLANISP

6.8.3WLANWLAN SwitchAPWLAN SwitchWLANRFWLAN SwitchClientWLAN SwitchBeam

6.9WLAN90%AP80%APAPAPWLANWLAN GatewayAPWLAN SwitchWLANAPAP