8 Types of Terrorism

Terrorism: Eight Major Types

• Nationalist• Religious•State-sponsored• Left-wing

• Right-wing• Anarchist• Cyber• Narco

Nationalist Terrorism• Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate stateform a separate state for their own national group, often by drawing attention to a fight for “national liberation” that they think the world has ignored.

Religious Terrorism• Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded divinely commanded purposespurposes, often targeting broad categories of foes in an attempt to bring about sweeping changessweeping changes.

State-Sponsored Terrorism• State-sponsored terrorist groups are

deliberately used by radical statesradical states as foreign policy tools—as Hoffman puts it, as “a cost-effective way of waging war covertly, through the use of surrogate surrogate warriors or ‘guns for hire.warriors or ‘guns for hire.’”

Left-Wing Terrorism• Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalismdestroy capitalism and

replace it with a communist or socialist regimecommunist or socialist regime. • Because they see most civilians as suffering from

capitalist exploitation, left-wing terrorists sometimes have limited their use of violencelimited their use of violence to avoid hurting avoid hurting the victimsthe victims they say they want to save.

• Left-wing terrorists sometimes focus instead on such tactics as kidnapping tycoons or bombing kidnapping tycoons or bombing monuments.monuments.

Right-Wing Terrorism• Right-wing terrorists are among the least

organized terrorists, often associated with neo-Nazi street riotingneo-Nazi street rioting in Western Europe, especially in the early 1980s. These groups, often dominated by skinheadsskinheads, seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist statescreate fascist states in their place.

Anarchist Terrorism• From the 1870s until about 1920, anarchist terrorism

was a major global phenomenon. Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governmentsoverthrow established governments launched a wave of bombings and assassinated a series of heads of state; one such victim was President William McKinleyPresident William McKinley, killed in 1901 by a young Hungarian refugee influenced by anarchist sentiments.

• Some experts see signs of a new interest in anarchist violence arising out of the recent wave of protestsprotests against globalizationagainst globalization.

Narco Terrorism• Narcoterrorism is understood to mean the

attempts of narcotics traffickersnarcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidationviolence and intimidation, and to hinder the enforcement of the law and the administration of justice by the systematic threat or use of such violencethreat or use of such violence. Pablo Escobar's ruthless violence in his dealings with the Colombian and Peruvian government is probably one of the best known and best documented examples of narcoterrorism.

Cyber Terrorism• Includes attacks that threaten

property or lives, and can be defined as the leveraging of a target's computers and information, particularly via the Internet, Internet, hacking and information warfarehacking and information warfare, to cause physical, real-world harm or severe disruption of infrastructure.

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