7th

grade Final Exam Review

13 Colonies – Constitutional Convention

Packet pages 8 – 13

Geography

and

Economy

of the

13 Colonies

Geography and Economy of the 13 Colonies

New England Colonies(Colonial

Workshop)

Rocky soil (poor farmland) and long winters (short growing season)

Lumber, fishing, trading, whaling,

shipbuilding.

Middle Colonies(Colonial

Breadbasket)

Good soil, mild climate.

Longer growing season

“Breadbasket colonies”-

wheat was the main cash crop

Southern Colonies(ColonialGreenhouse)

Very warm climate and

longgrowing season.

Plantations - cash crops of rice, tobacco, and indigo. Cotton becomes important in 1800s. Economy relied on labor from indentured servants and African slaves

The French and Indian War

The ____________________ was designed in

order to inspire the colonies to

unite against the threat of French and Indian

troops in America.

This proposal passed by ________________

was rejected by the colonies

because the some of the individual colonies

were unwilling to combine profits, politics

and religions.

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin

The conflict between the English and

the French and various Northeastern Native

American Indians was known as

the ______________________.French and Indian War

• After the English won the war they now

controlled the Ohio River Valley and Canada.

• They wanted to control these two areas

because they needed to control the Mississippi

River.

• In order to reacquire all the money the

British spent defending America, they would

pass a series of taxes in all of the colonies

• The colonists objected to these taxes

because they were passed without their say.

LOYALISTS PATRIOTS

Sided with the King

Supported British and

Hessian Troops

Associated with British

culture

Fought for Independence

Protested taxation without

representation

Joined militias and use guerrilla

tactics

Tarred and feathered custom

officials

Lost their homes during the

war

How did the colonists protest taxes placed on them by the British government? Provide specific examples.

The colonists:Wrote letters to the kingTarred and feathered tax collectorsBoycotted British goodsBurned stampsBoston Tea PartyHung effigies (dummies) of tax collectors

The Boston Massacre was an event in 1770 where

British soldiers and colonists living in Boston clashed for

the first time. The colonists were threatening British

soldiers stationed outside the Boston customs house.

The colonists were throwing ice chunks, rocks and

yelling “lobster backs”. The British fired into the mob

and killed 5 colonists.

The Boston Tea Party was an event in 1773 where

Patriots and members of the “Sons of Liberty” broke

into a British boat that was transporting tea from

England. The Sons of Liberty members, dressed as

Indians, threw the tea into the harbor in protest of the

Tea Act passed by the British government. The British

lost several million dollars that night!

The Declaration of Independence:

States that the American colonies are no longer part

of Britain and explains why…

All men are born with basic rights, which

are life, liberty, and the pursuit of

happiness.

What is the purpose of government?

To protect the rights of the people

What right do people have if the government

becomes tyrannical? The people have the right to

overthrow it.

AmericanAdvantages

BritishAdvantages

1. Fighting on home ground2. Motivated to win3. Support of the people

1. Best military in the world2. Best manufacturing in the world3. Most money in the world

IMPORTANT BATTLES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION

1775 – Lexington and Concord (MA) – First shots ofRevolution (“Shot Heard ‘Round the World” fired at Lexington). Historians still unsure which side fired first.

1777 – Battle of Saratoga (NY) – British plan to control Hudson River by attacking Albany from three directions. Northern attack stopped at Battle of Saratoga; Americans win. This convinces French to help Americans in war.

1781 – Battle of Yorktown (VA) – Washington’s army and French navy trap Cornwallis at Yorktown, forcing him to surrender. Americans win the war.

- The Treaty of Paris official ended the American Revolution.

- What did Great Britain recognize as a result of the treaty? The independence of the United States of America (No more colonies – hooray!)

- Where did the United States territory end in the West? The Mississippi River

- Which countries claimed Canada, Florida and land west of the Mississippi river? Britain claimed Canada, Spain claimed Florida and the west

After the American Revolution ended in 1783, the

thirteen states saw themselves more as independent

countries than they did as part of a single nation.

Many Americans feared having a strong central

government like that of Great Britain. This is why the

first government of the United States, the

____________________________, left most of the

power for the states. This new national government

had many weaknesses…

Articles of Confederation

In 1786, poor farmers in Massachusetts

staged an uprising against the state

government. This was known as

__________________________. Because

the national government was so weak,

it could not stop the rebellion.

Shays’ Rebellion

This event showed that the national

government was too weak and needed to be

changed. In 1787, the

____________________________ was held in

Philadelphia to create a new, stronger

government for the nation – the

__________________________.

Constitutional Convention

Constitution