7.3 The Path to 7.3 The Path to VictoryVictory

Learning TargetsLearning Targets5. Be able to explain what 5. Be able to explain what happened when the war happened when the war moved to the Southmoved to the South6. Be able to analyze reasons 6. Be able to analyze reasons why the Americans won the why the Americans won the warwar

The War Moves SouthThe War Moves South

►The British were able to control cities in The British were able to control cities in the North but were unable to control the the North but were unable to control the countryside. countryside.

► In 1778 they pushed the British war effort In 1778 they pushed the British war effort to the South becauseto the South because The British believed that most The British believed that most SouthernersSoutherners

were Loyalists who would support an were Loyalists who would support an invading invading British Army.British Army.

The British expected Southern slaves to The British expected Southern slaves to escapeescape and join them because the British had and join them because the British had promised to grant the slaves promised to grant the slaves freedomfreedom..

Battles of Savannah Charles Battles of Savannah Charles TownTown

►December 1778December 1778 the British captured the port of the British captured the port of SavannahSavannah, Georgia and with it most of Georgia., Georgia and with it most of Georgia.

► In 1780 forces let by General In 1780 forces let by General Henry ClintonHenry Clinton Captured Charleston South Carolina. Captured Charleston South Carolina. Clinton’sClinton’s British Army surrounded the CityBritish Army surrounded the City Continental General Continental General Benjamin LincolnBenjamin Lincoln tried to tried to

withdrawal but the city leaders would not let withdrawal but the city leaders would not let them and after several days of fighting them and after several days of fighting Lincoln was forced to Lincoln was forced to surrendersurrender..

The The Continental Army lost over lost over 50005000 men it men it was the worst defeat for the Patriots in the was the worst defeat for the Patriots in the RevolutionRevolution. .

Savannah and Charles TownSavannah and Charles Town

Continental Army in the South after Charles Continental Army in the South after Charles TownTown

►General Horatio General Horatio GatesGates and the and the Baron DeKalbBaron DeKalb troops formed the New army of the South’s troops formed the New army of the South’s core.core.

► 2000 Militia2000 Militia made up the rest. made up the rest. They were in They were in no conditionno condition to fight. to fight. They were out of supplies and They were out of supplies and half-starvedhalf-starved Most were Most were untraineduntrained or inexperienced. or inexperienced.

► The Militia Ran at the Battle of The Militia Ran at the Battle of CamdenCamden and and General Gates Ran with them.General Gates Ran with them. The Baron DeKalb was killed when he stayed to allow The Baron DeKalb was killed when he stayed to allow

the rest of his troops to escape.the rest of his troops to escape.

Guerrilla WarGuerrilla War ►With the loss of both Armies the With the loss of both Armies the

Americans turned to Guerrilla WarfareAmericans turned to Guerrilla Warfare They used unorthodox methods, sneak They used unorthodox methods, sneak

attacks to keep the British off Balanceattacks to keep the British off Balance

► Guerilla WarfareGuerilla Warfare the British the British were unable to deal with this were unable to deal with this form of form of warfarewarfare and it kept the and it kept the British from taking over the British from taking over the SouthSouth..

► The guerrilla militia attacked The guerrilla militia attacked supply lines and small units to supply lines and small units to keep the British from moving keep the British from moving North to attack General North to attack General Washington’s forces.Washington’s forces.Francis Marion The Swamp

Fox

King’s Mountain and General GreeneKing’s Mountain and General Greene

► With there being a significant number of With there being a significant number of Loyalists in the South the British form a Loyalists Loyalists in the South the British form a Loyalists Army of 1000 men. Army of 1000 men. The British commander challenges the Patriots The British commander challenges the Patriots

saying his men couldn’t be beaten.saying his men couldn’t be beaten. The Patriots attack the Loyalists at King’s The Patriots attack the Loyalists at King’s

Mountain killing almost 700 of these soldiers.Mountain killing almost 700 of these soldiers.► General Nathanial Greene is sent by Washington General Nathanial Greene is sent by Washington

to put together a new Southern Army. to put together a new Southern Army. Greene uses Washington’s Strategy to fight Greene uses Washington’s Strategy to fight

and runaway forcing British General Lord and runaway forcing British General Lord Cornwallis to chase him through out the Cornwallis to chase him through out the South.South.

Cornwallis in the SouthCornwallis in the South

►Greene ultimately wears out Cornwallis’s Army Greene ultimately wears out Cornwallis’s Army ► He allowed He allowed General GreeneGeneral Greene to gain the to gain the

advantage in several battles and not force advantage in several battles and not force Greene’s army to Greene’s army to surrendersurrender. .

► CornwallisCornwallis made his base at Yorktown, made his base at Yorktown, VirginiaVirginia which was on Peninsula making it easy to which was on Peninsula making it easy to traptrap the British when the the British when the French FleetFrench Fleet and Washington and Washington arrive.arrive.

YorktownYorktown►The The French fleetFrench fleet and French Army help and French Army help

Washington to surround Washington to surround CornwallisCornwallis at at Yorktown.Yorktown.

►The The AmericansAmericans and French were able to and French were able to capture capture British RedoubtsBritish Redoubts (forts) to move (forts) to move their artillery in to reach of their artillery in to reach of YorktownYorktown..

►The The French fleetFrench fleet kept supplies from kept supplies from reaching the city and also kept the reaching the city and also kept the British British ArmyArmy from escaping from escaping

►Cornwallis is bombarded into surrendering Cornwallis is bombarded into surrendering his 7000 men.his 7000 men.

►While the British could have continued the While the British could have continued the war it had become so unpopular that the war it had become so unpopular that the British decided to focus their efforts in other British decided to focus their efforts in other parts of the world.parts of the world.

►YorktownYorktown

Patriot VictoryPatriot Victory► PatriotsPatriots fought for their fought for their

lives, lives, propertyproperty, and , and political ideas.political ideas.

►ManyMany civilians civilians actively actively supported the supported the RevolutionRevolution

► American American generalsgenerals learned from their learned from their mistakesmistakes

► FranceFrance, , SpainSpain, and the , and the DutchDutch aided the aided the American causeAmerican cause

► AmericansAmericans fought close fought close to hometo home

► In some way In some way 250,000250,000 people fought for the people fought for the patriotpatriot cause. cause.

► The The BritishBritish and and Hessians fought for payHessians fought for pay

► There was no There was no widespread support for widespread support for the the War in BritainWar in Britain

► British generalsBritish generals were were often often overconfidentoverconfident and and didn’t didn’t work togetherwork together

► The British had The British had no alliesno allies► It tookIt took months months for for

messages and messages and suppliessupplies to reach to reach AmericaAmerica

► By 1781, By 1781, 54,00054,000 troops troops for the Britishfor the British