7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid...

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Minds On What is the Role of DNA? Where is DNA it found? What do ribosomes do? Where are they found?

Transcript of 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid...

Page 1: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

Minds OnWhat is the Role of DNA?

Where is DNA it found?

What do ribosomes do? Where are they found?

Page 2: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

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Protein Synthesis (i.e., making proteins)

Page 3: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

From Gene to Protein…http://vimeo.com/25051231

http://vimeo.com/25051231
Page 4: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56
Page 5: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

Codon

Codon

Codon

Message strand

Translated

A. A.

A. A.

Amino Acid.

Protein

G

C

T

A

GC

T

G

A

A

C

G

A

T

CG

A

C

T

T

5’3’

5’ 3’

Template strand

mRNADNA

Transcribed

GENE

G

G

CC

C

UA

A

UU

Coding strand

Page 6: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

• in humans there approximately 3 billion base pairs found in 23 pairs of chromosomes

• some sequence are called genes and are recipes for cooking up proteins

• In a gene every 3 base pairs are words in the recipe called = codons (codons code for an amino acids)

G

C

T

A

GC

T

G

A

A

C

G

A

T

CG

A

C

T

T

Codon

Codon

Codon

A. A.

A. A.

A. A.

G

G

CC

C

UA

A

UU

Page 7: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

The Central Dogma

• describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein:

• transcription - DNA to mRNA

G

C

T

A

GC

T

G

A

A

C

G

A

T

CG

A

C

T

T

DNA RNA

Page 8: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

The Central Dogma

• describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein:

• transcription - DNA to mRNA • translation - mRNA to polypeptide (protein)

A. A.

A. A.

A. A.

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Page 10: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

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Transcribe the DNA in mRNA… (hint: build in a 5’-3’ direction)

3’ TAC CAG AAC ACT ACA ‘ 5 Template

5’ GGT TCA GTA ATA CAT 3’ Template

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Genetic Code (pg 317)

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Translate the following RNA molecules

5’ AUGGGUAAG 3’5’ AUGCCUUGA 3’3’ GGUAGAGUA 5’

1. What do the following code for: ACA GCC GGA 2. What is special about: AUG? UAA, UAG, UGA? 3. Write a code for: Met - Gln - Tyr - Val

4. Translate these RNA strands

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Protein Synthesis an Overview

Page 14: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

• human DNA has approx. 23 000 gene recipes on human all the chromosomes

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• sections of chromosomes that contain one set of instruction for making a protein = gene

A. A. A. A.A. A.

A. A. A. A.A. A.

Page 16: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56

DNA & RNA

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Types of RNA• messenger RNA (mRNA) (transcribed code) • transfer RNA (tRNA) (brings the amino acid

materials) • ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (structural makeup of

ribosomes)

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Overview of Transcription• RNA polymerase creates mRNA

molecule complementary to template strand of DNA

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Overview of Translation• ribosome translates mRNA and

assembles an amino acid chain using tRNA

Page 20: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview · Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain. Title: 7.1 Protein Synthesis overview Created Date: 5/6/2020 2:10:56
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Genetic Code Terms

• Codon- three letter codes

• start codon- AUG start reading sequence on mRNA

• stop codons- UAA UAG UGA Stop reading sequence.

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3’ GCTATATACGATTTCTTGGGCCCCATTGCGAAA 5’ Hint … First- Transcribe

then Second- Translate

5’ CGA UAU AUG CUA AAG AAC CCG GGG UAA CGC UU 3’ 5’ CGA UAU AUG CUA AAG AAC CCG GGG UAA CGC UU 3’

Met -Leu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Gly

Try to decode the following DNA gene sequence into amino acid polypeptide chain.


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