678 yaranon

7/26/2019 678 yaranon

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/678-yaranon 1/69

CHAPTER SIX

HUMAN WORK

I. BIBLICAL ASPECTS

a. The duty to cultivate and care for the earth

255. The Old Testament presents God as the omnipotent Creator (cf. Gen 2:2; Job 38-

41; Ps104; Ps 147) who fashions man in his image and invites him to work the

soil (cf. Gen 2:5-6),and cultivate and care for the garden of Eden in which he has placed

him (cf. Gen 2:15). To !" f#$% !&'a co&*" +o "$&%% !" a% of %&&#/ !" "a$! a

""$c#%#/ o'##o o"$ ""$ *##/ c$"a&$" (cf. Gen 1:28). T!" o'##o ""$c#%"

'a o"$ o!"$ *##/ c$"a&$"%, !o""$, #% o o " "%o#c o$ $"c*"%%; o !" co$a$ !"

#% o c&*#a" a ca$" fo$ (Gen 2:15) !" /oo% c$"a" +o. T!"%" /oo% "$" o

c$"a" 'a, & !a" "" $"c"#" !#' a% a $"c#o&% /#f !a !" $"ao$ !a% *ac"

&"$ !#% $"%o%##*#. &*#a#/ !" "a$! '"a% o aao#/ # o #%"*f; ""$c#%#/

o'##o o"$ # '"a% a#/ ca$" of #, a% a #%" #/ ca$"% fo$ !#% "o*" a a %!"!"$

!#% %!"".

In the Creator's plan created realities which are good in themselves e!ist for man's use.

T!" o"$ of !" '%"$ of 'a% /$a"&$ 'a"% !" %a*'#% "c*a#': W!a #% 'a !a

o& a$" '#f&* of !#', a !" %o of 'a !a o& ca$" fo$ !#' 9" o& !a" 'a" !#'*#*" *"%% !a /o, a c$o !#' #! /*o$ a !oo&$. 9o& !a" /#" !#' o'##o

o"$ !" o$% of o&$ !a%; o& !a" & a** !#/% &"$ !#% f"" ( Ps 8:5-7).

25. "ork is part of the original state of man and precedes his fall# it is therefore not a

punishment or curse. "co'"% o#* a a# "ca&%" of !" %# of Aa' a ", !o

$"a !"#$ $"*a#o%!# of $&% a !a$'o #! +o (cf. Gen 3:6-8). T!" $o!###o o "a

of !" $"" of !" o*"/" of /oo a "#* (Gen 2:17) $"'#% 'a !a !" !a% $"c"#"

""$!#/ a% a /#f a !a !" co#&"% o " a c$"a&$" a o !" $"ao$. a%

$"c#%"* !#% "'a#o !a $o'" !" %# of Aa' a ": o& #** " *#" +o(Gen 3:5). T!" a" a%o*&" o'##o o"$ a** !#/%, #!o& !a#/ o %&'# o !"

#** of !" $"ao$. <$o' !a 'o'", !" %o#* "co'"% '#%"$*, &$"a$#/, %o$#*

!o%#*" (cf. Gen 4:12); o* !" %"a of o"% $o #** # " o%%#*" o $"a #% f$&#

(cf.Gen 3:17,1=). No#!%a#/ !" %# of o&$ $o/"#o$%, !o""$, !" $"ao$% *a, !"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


'"a#/ of H#% c$"a&$"% > a a'o/ !"%", 'a, !o #% ca**" o c&*#a" a ca$" fo$

c$"a#o > $"'a# &a*"$".

25!. "ork has a place of honour because it is a source of riches or at least of the conditions

for a decent life and is in principle an effective instrument against povert$ (cf. Pr 10:4). %ut one must not succumb to the temptation of making an idol of work

for the ultimate and definitive meaning of life is not to be found in work& "ork is essential

but it is God and not work who is the origin of life and the final goal of man& T!"

&"$*#/ $#c#*" of #%o' # fac #% !" f"a$ of !" ?o$. T!" "'a of @&%#c", !#c!

%"'% f$o' #, $"c""% coc"$% fo$ $of#: ""$ #% a *#*" #! !" f"a$ of !" ?o$ !a

/$"a $"a%&$" a $o&*" #! # ( Pr 15:16). ""$ #% a *#*" #! $#/!"o&%"%% !a /$"a

$""&"% #! #@&%#c" ( Pr 16:8).

25". The ape! of biblical teaching on work is the commandment of the (abbath rest . <o$'a, o& a% !" #% o !" "c"%%# of o$, !#% $"% o"% o !" $o%"c of a f&**"$

f$""o', !a of !" ""$a* Baa! (cf. )eb 4:=-10). R"% /#"% '" a o'" !"

o%%##*# o $"'"'"$ a ""$#"c" a" +o% o$, f$o' $"a#o o R""'#o, o

$"co/#C" !"'%"*"% a% !#% o$ (cf. Eph 2:10), a o /#" !a% fo$ !"#$ *#"% a fo$

!"#$ %&%#%"c" o !#' !o #% !"#$ a&!o$.

T!" '"'o$ a !" ""$#"c" of !" Baa! co%#&" a a$$#"$ a/a#% "co'#/ %*a"%

o o$, !"!"$ o*&a$#* o$ fo$c", a a/a#% ""$ # of "*o#a#o, !#" o$

"#". fac, !" Baa! $"%, "%#"% 'a#/ # o%%#*" fo$ "o*" o a$#c#a" # !"o$%!# of +o, a% #%#&" # "f"c" of !" oo$. % f&c#o #% a*%o !a of f$""#/

"o*" f$o' !" a#%oc#a* "/""$a#o of !&'a o$. T!" Baa! $"% ca "" *a% a

"a$; !#% "a#*% !" "$o$#a#o of !" f$&#% of !" "a$! o "!a*f of !" oo$ a !"

%&%"%#o of !" $o"$ $#/!% of *ao"$%: <o$ %# "a$% o& %!a** %o o&$ *a a

/a!"$ # #% #"*; & !" %""! "a$ o& %!a** *" # $"% a *#" fa**o, !a !" oo$ of

o&$ "o*" 'a "a; a !a !" *"a" !" #* "a%% 'a "a. 9o& %!a** o *#"#%" #!

o&$ #"a$, a #! o&$ o*#" o$c!a$ ( 23:10-11). T!#% c&%o' $"%o% o a

$ofo& #&##o: !" acc&'&*a#o of /oo% %o'" ca %o'"#'"% ca&%" o!"$% o "

"$#" of /oo%.

. #e$u$% a &an of 'or(

25). In his preaching Jesus teaches that we should appreciate work . H" !#'%"*f, !a#/

"co'" *#" &% # a** !#/%, "o" 'o% of !" "a$% of !#% *#f" o "a$! o manual work a

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


!" ca$""$% "c! D 573E # !" o$%!o of Fo%"! (cf. *t 13:55; *k 6:3), o !o' !"

a% o"#" (cf. +k 2:51). F"%&% co"'% !" "!a#o&$ of !" &%"*"%% %"$a, !o !#"%

!#% a*" # !" /$o& (cf. *t 25:14-30) a $a#%"% !" fa#!f&* a $&" %"$a !o'

!" Ma%"$ f#% !a$ a o$ a !" &#"% "$&%" o !#' (cf. *t 24:46). )e describes his

own mission as that of working : M <a!"$ is working %#**, a am working ( Jn 5:17),a !#% #%c#*"% a% o$"$% # !" !a$"% of !" ?o$, !#c! #% !" "a/"*#Ca#o of

!&'a# (cf. *t =:37-38). <o$ !"%" o$"$%, !" /""$a* $#c#*" acco$#/ o !#c! !"

*ao&$"$ "%"$"% !#% a/"% ( +k 10:7) a*#"%. T!" a$" !"$"fo$" a&!o$#C" o $"'a# #

!" !o&%"% # !#c! !" !a" "" "*co'", "a#/ a $##/ !a #% off"$" o !"'

(cf. +k 10:7).

2*. In his preaching Jesus teaches man not to be enslaved b$ work& %efore all else he must

be concerned about his soul# gaining the whole world is not the purpose of his

life (cf. *k 8:36). T!" $"a%&$"% of !" "a$!, # fac, a$" co%&'", !#*" !o%" # !"a" a$"#'"$#%!a*". #% o !"%" *a"$ $"a%&$"% !a '" a o'" '&% %" !"#$ !"a$%

(cf. *t 6:1=-21). Wo$, !", %!o&* o " a %o&$c" of a#" (cf. *t 6:25,31,34). W!"

"o*" a$" o$$#" a &%" ao& 'a !#/%, !" $& !" $#% of "/*"c#/ !" K#/o'

of +o a H#% $#/!"o&%"%% (cf. *t 6:33), !#c! !" $&* "". "$!#/ "*%", o$

#c*&", #** f# #% $o"$ *ac", '"a#/ a a*&" o* #f # #% o$#"" o !#% o" !#/

!a #% "c"%%a$ a !a #** ""$ " a" aa (cf. +k 10:40-42).

2+. G&$#/ !#% "a$!* '##%$ F"%&% o$% #$"*"%%*, acco'*#%!#/ o"$f&* ""% o f$""

'" a o'" f$o' %#c"%%, %&ff"$#/ a "a!. T!" Baa! > !#c! !" O*

T"%a'" !a & fo$! a% a a of *#"$a#o a !#c!, !" o%"$" o* fo$'a**, *o%

#% a&!"#c %#/#f#cac" > #% $"aff#$'" F"%&% # #% o$#/#a* '"a#/: T!" Baa! a%

'a" fo$ 'a, o 'a fo$ !" Baa! ( *k 2:27). !"a*#/ "o*" o !#% a of $"%

(cf. *t 12:=-14; *k 3:1-6; +k 6:6-11, 13:10-17, 14:1-6), !" #%!"% o %!o !a !" Baa! #%

!#%, "ca&%" !" #% $&* !" Bo of +o, a !a # #% !" a o !#c! '" %!o&* "#ca"

!"'%"*"% o +o a o o!"$%. <$""#/ "o*" f$o' "#*, $ac#%#/ $o!"$!oo a

%!a$#/: !"%" /#" o o$ #% o*"% '"a#/, !a !#c! a**o% !&'a# o %" o& o !"

a! o !" ""$a* Baa!, !" $"% #** "co'" !" f"%#" c"*"$a#o o !#c! '" ao'" #a$* a%#$". #% $"c#%"* # o$#"#/ !&'a# oa$% !#% ""$#"c" of

+o% Baa! a of !#% f"**o%!# of *#f" !a o$ #% !" #a&/&$a#o o "a$! of !" "

c$"a#o.

22. )uman activit$ aimed at enhancing and transforming the universe can and must

unleash the perfections which find their origin and model in the uncreated "ord . fac, !"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a&*#" a Fo!a#" $##/% $#/ o *#/! !" T$##a$#a #'"%#o of c$"a#o, #

a$#c&*a$ !" *# !a "#%% """ !" Bo>Wo$ > !" +ogos > a c$"a#o

(cf. Jn1:3; , Cor 8:6; Col 1:15-17). $"a" # !#' a !$o&/! !#', $"""'" !#', !"

&#"$%" #% o a !a"%ac" co/*o'"$a#o & a co%'o%.D574E fa**% o 'a o

#%co"$ !" o$"$ #!# # a o !"" !#% o$"$, $#/#/ # o f&*f#*'": F"%&% !$#%!" #%#*" o$* !#c! +o c$"a" fo$ 'a > !" o$* !a, !" %# ""$", Ia%

%&@"c" o f&#*# ( -om 8:20; cf. ibid . 8:1=-22) > $"co"$% a/a# #% o$#/#a* *# #! !"

##" %o&$c" of W#%o' a ?o".D575E !#% a > !a #%, $#/#/ o *#/! # ""$

/$"a"$ '"a%&$" !" &%"a$c!a*" $#c!"% of !$#% ( Eph 3:8), # c$"a#o, !&'a o$

"co'"% a %"$#c" $a#%" o !" /$a"&$ of +o.

2,. "ork represents a fundamental dimension of human e!istence as participation not onl$

in the act of creation but also in that of redemption& T!o%" !o & & #! !" #ff#c&*

$#/o&$% of o$ # &#o #! F"%&% coo"$a", # a c"$a# %"%", #! !" Bo of +o # !#%o$ of $""'#o a %!o !a !" a$" #%c#*"% of !$#% "a$#/ !#% c$o%%, ""$ a, #

!" ac## !" a$" ca**" o o. !#% "$%"c#", o$ ca " co%#"$" a '"a% of

%ac#f#ca#o a a "*#"#/ of "a$!* $"a*##"% #! !" B#$# of !$#%.D576E

U"$%oo # !#% a, o$ #% a "$"%%#o of 'a% f&** !&'a#, # !#% !#%o$#ca*

co##o a !#% "%c!ao*o/#ca* o$#"a#o. Ma% f$"" a $"%o%#*" ac#o $""a*% !#%

##'a" $"*a#o%!# #! !" $"ao$ a !#% c$"a#" o"$. A !" %a'" #'", # #% a a#*

a# # co'a#/ !" #%f#/&$"'" of %#, "" !" # #% !" %"a of !#% $o !a 'a

"a$% !#% $"a.

c. The duty to 'or(

2-. The awareness that .the form of this world is passing awa$/ (, Cor 7:31) is not an

e!oneration from being involved in the world and even less from work (cf. 0 Thes 3:7-

15),which is an integral part of the human condition although not the onl$ purpose of life.

No !$#%#a, # *#/! of !" fac !a !" "*o/% o a &#" a f$a"$a* co''&#, %!o&*

f""* !a !" !a% !" $#/! o o o$ a o *#" a !" ""%" of o!"$% (cf. 0 Thes 3:6-12).

Ra!"$, a** a$" c!a$/" !" Ao%*" a&* o 'a" # a o# of !oo&$ o o$ #! !"#$

o !a%, %o a% o " """ o oo (, Thes 4:12), a o $ac#%" a %o*#a$#

!#c! #% a*%o 'a"$#a* %!a$#/ !" f$&#% of !"#$ *ao&$ #! !o%" # "" ( Eph 4:28).

Ba# Fa'"% "f"% !" $a'*" $#/!% of o$"$%: "!o*, !" a/"% of !" *ao&$"$% !o

'o" o&$ f#"*%, !#c! o& " ac f$a&, c$ o&; a !" c$#"% of !" !a$"%"$%

!a" $"ac!" !" "a$% of !" ?o$ of !o%% ( Jas 5:4). "*#""$% a$" o &"$a" !"#$ o$ #

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


!" %*" of !$#% a 'a" # a occa%#o fo$ !$#%#a #"%%, co''a#/ !" $"%"c

of o&%#"$% (, Thes 4:12).

25. The 1athers of the Church do not consider work as an .o&% %"$#*"/ although the

culture of their da$ maintained precisel$ that such was the case but alwa$s as an .o&%!&'a&'/ and the$ tend to hold all its various e!pressions in honour . '"a% of o$,

'a /o"$% !" o$* #! +o; o/"!"$ #! +o !" #% #% *o$ a acco'*#%!"% /oo

!#/% fo$ !#'%"*f a fo$ o!"$%. *""%% #% !a$'f&* o 'a% "#/, !"$"a% ac## #% /oo

fo$ !#% o a %o&*.D577E !$#%#a% a$" ca**" o o$ o o* o $o#" !"'%"*"% #!

$"a, & a*%o # acc"ac" of !"#$ oo$"$ "#/!o&$%, o !o' !" ?o$ !a% co''a"

!"' o /#" foo, $#, c*o!#/, "*co'", ca$" a co'a#o%!# D578E (cf. *t 25:35-

36). "$ o$"$, Ba# A'$o%" co"%, #% !" !a of !$#% !a co#&"% o c$"a" a

o o /oo.D57=E

2. !#% o$ a #&%$#o&%"%%, 'a > !o !a% a %!a$" # !" ##" a$ a #%o'

> 'a"% c$"a#o, !" co%'o% a*$"a o$"$" !" <a!"$, 'o$" "a&#f&*D580E. H"

%&''o% !" %oc#a* a co''&# ""$/#"% !a #c$"a%" !" co''o /ooD581E, ao" a**

o !" ""f# of !o%" !o a$" ""#"%. H&'a o$, #$"c" o c!a$# a% #% f#a* /oa*,

"co'"% a occa%#o fo$ co"'*a#o, # "co'"% "o& $a"$, #/#*a* $#%#/ oa$%

a # a#o&% !o" of !" a !a #** o ". !#% %&"$#o$ #%#o, o$, a &#%!'"

a a !" %a'" #'" a $"a$ of !&'a ac##, #o*"% ao!"$ $"*a#o%!#, !"

"%%"#a** $"*#/#o&% o", !#c! !a% "" !a#* "$"%%" # !" ""#c#" fo$'&*a: o$a

" *ao$aJ T!" $"*#/#o&% fac cof"$% o !&'a o$ a "*#"#/ a $"""'#/

%#$#&a*#. B&c! a co"c#o """ o$ a $"*#/#o $"f*"c% !" '%"$#o&% & $"a*

a**#ac", !#c! #"$""% """ !&'a ac#o a !" $o#"#a* ac#o of +oD582E.

II. THE PRPHETIC /AL0E

1 RERUM NOVARUM

2!. The course of histor$ is marked b$ the profound transformation and the e!hilarating

con2uests of work but also b$ the e!ploitation of so man$ workers and an offence to their

dignit$& The Industrial -evolution presented for the Church a critical challenge to which her

social *agisterium responded forcefull$ and propheticall$ affirming universall$ valid and

perenniall$ relevant principles in support of workers and their rights.

<o$ c"&$#"% !" !&$c!% '"%%a/" a% a$"%%" o a/$#c&*&$a* %oc#"#"%, c!a$ac"$#C"

$"/&*a$ cc*#ca* $!!'%. No !" +o%"* !a o " $"ac!" a *#" # a "

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


areopagus, # !" &'&* of %oc#a* ""% # a 'o$" a'#c %oc#", a#/ #o acco&

!" co'*"##"% of " !"o'"a of !" &#'a/#a*" $a%fo$'a#o% $o&/! ao&

'"c!a#Ca#o. A !" c"$" of !" !&$c!% a%o$a* coc"$ a% !" ""$ &$/" worker

2uestion, !a #%, !" $o*"' of !" "*o#a#o of o$"$% $o&/! ao& !" "

#&%$#a* o$/a#Ca#o of *ao&$, ca#a*#%#ca** o$#"", a !" $o*"', o *"%% %"$#o&%,of #"o*o/#ca* 'a#&*a#o > %oc#a*#% a co''&#% > of !" @&% c*a#'% aac" !"

o$* of *ao&$. T!" $"f*"c#o% a a$#/% coa#" # !" cc*#ca* -erum

3ovarum of o" ?"o a$" *ac" # !#% !#%o$#ca* co".

2". -erum 3ovarum is above all a heartfelt defence of the inalienable dignit$ of workers,

co"c" #! !" #'o$ac" of !" $#/! o $o"$, !" $#c#*" of coo"$a#o a'o/

!" %oc#a* c*a%%"%, !" $#/!% of !" "a a !" oo$, !" o*#/a#o% of o$"$% a

"'*o"$% a !" $#/! o fo$' a%%oc#a#o%.

T!" o$#"a#o of #"a% "$"%%" # !" cc*#ca* %$"/!"" !" co''#'" o #a*#C"

!$#%#a %oc#a* *#f", !#c! a% %"" # !" #$! a co%o*#a#o of &'"$o&% ###a#"% of

!#/! c##c $of#*": /$o&% a c"$"% fo$ %oc#a* %&#"%, a%%oc#a#o%, o$"$ o$/a#Ca#o%,

&#o%, coo"$a#"%, $&$a* a%, #%&$ac" /$o&% a a%%#%ac" o$/a#Ca#o%. A** of !#%

/a" /$"a 'o'"&' o *ao&$-$"*a" *"/#%*a#o fo$ !" $o"c#o of o$"$%, ao" a**

c!#*$" a o'"; o #%$&c#o a o !" #'$o"'" of %a*a$#"% a c*"a*#"%% # !"

o$ "#$o'".

2). (tarting with -erum 3ovarum, the Church has never stopped considering the problemsof workers within the conte!t of a social 2uestion which has progressivel$ taken on

worldwide dimensions.D583E T!" cc*#ca* +aborem E!ercens "!ac"% !" "$%oa*#%#c

#%#o !a c!a$ac"$#C" $"#o&% %oc#a* oc&'"%, ##ca#/ !" "" fo$ a """$

&"$%a#/ of !" '"a#/ a a%% !a o$ "a#*%. o"% !#% # co%#"$a#o of !"

fac !a f$"%! L&"%#o% a $o*"'% a$" a*a% a$#%#/, !"$" a$" a*a% f$"%! !o"%, &

a*%o f$"%! f"a$% a !$"a%, co"c" #! !#% a%#c #'"%#o of !&'a "#%"c": 'a%

*#f" #% &#* & ""$ a f$o' o$, f$o' o$ # "$#"% #% %"c#f#c #/#, & a !" %a'"

#'" o$ coa#% !" &c"a%#/ '"a%&$" of !&'a o#* a %&ff"$#/, a a*%o of !" !a$'

a #@&%#c" !#c! ""$a" ""* #o %oc#a* *#f" #!# ###&a* a#o% a o !"

#"$a#oa* *""*.D584E fac, o$ #% !" "%%"#a* " D585E o !" !o*" %oc#a*

L&"%#o a #% !" co##o o o* fo$ "coo'#c ""*o'" & a*%o fo$ !" c&*&$a* a

'o$a* ""*o'" of "$%o%, !" fa'#*, %oc#" a !" "#$" !&'a $ac".

III. THE I34IT 1 6R7

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/leo_xiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum_en.html





http://www.vatican.va/edocs/ENG0217/_INDEX.HTM







7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a. The $u89ective and o89ective di&en$ion$ of 'or(

2!*. )uman work has a twofold significance4 ob5ective and sub5ective. !" ob5ective

sense, # #% !" %&' of ac###"%, $"%o&$c"%, #%$&'"% a "c!o*o/#"% &%" '" a

o'" o $o&c" !#/%, o e!ercise dominion over the earth, # !" o$% of !" oo of+""%#%. !" sub5ective sense, o$ #% !" ac## of !" !&'a "$%o a% a a'#c "#/

caa*" of "$fo$'#/ a a$#" of ac#o% !a a$" a$ of !" o$ $oc"%% a !a

co$$"%o o !#% "$%oa* oca#o: Ma !a% o %&&" !" "a$! a o'#a" #, "ca&%"

a% !" I#'a/" of +o !" #% a "$%o, !a #% o %a, a %&@"c#" "#/ caa*" of ac#/ # a

*a" a $a#oa* a, caa*" of "c##/ ao& !#'%"*f, a #! a ""c o %"*f-

$"a*#Ca#o. A% a "$%o, 'a #% !"$"fo$" !" %&@"c of o$D586E.

"ork in the ob5ective sense constitutes the contingent aspect of human activit$ , !#c!

co%a* a$#"% # #% "$"%%#o% acco$#/ o !" c!a/#/ "c!o*o/#ca*, c&*&$a*, %oc#a*a o*##ca* co##o%. "ork in the sub5ective sense however represents its stable

dimension, %#c" # o"% o "" o !a "o*" $o&c" o$ o !" " of ac## !"

&"$a", & o* a "c*&%#"* o !"#$ #/# a% !&'a "#/%. T!#% #%#c#o #%

c$##ca*, o! fo$ &"$%a#/ !a !" &*#'a" fo&a#o of !" a*&" a #/# of o$

#%, a #! $"/a$ o !" #ff#c&*#"% of o$/a#C#/ "coo'#c a %oc#a* %%"'% !a $"%"c

!&'a $#/!%.

2!+. This sub5ectivit$ gives to work its particular dignit$ which does not allow that it be

considered a simple commodit$ or an impersonal element of the apparatus for productivit$.& off f$o' #% *"%%"$ o$ /$"a"$ o@"c#" a*&", o$ #% a "%%"#a* "$"%%#o of !"

"$%o, # #% a actus personae. A fo$' of 'a"$#a*#%' o$ "coo'#c "" !a $#"% o

$"&c" !" o$"$ o "#/ a '"$" #%$&'" of $o&c#o, a %#'*" labour force #! a

"c*&%#"* 'a"$#a* a*&", o&* " & !o"*"%%* #%o$#/ !" "%%"c" of o$ a

%$##/ # of #% 'o% o*" a a%#c !&'a f#a*#. The human person is the measure of

the dignit$ of o$: fac !"$" #% o o& !a !&'a o$ !a% a "!#ca* a*&" of #%

o, !#c! c*"a$* a #$"c* $"'a#% *#" o !" fac !a !" o" !o ca$$#"% # o& #% a

"$%oD587E.

The sub5ective dimension of work must take precedence over the ob5ective dimension,

"ca&%" # #% !" #'"%#o of !" "$%o !#'%"*f !o "/a/"% # o$, ""$'##/ #%

L&a*# a co%&''a" a*&". f !#% aa$""%% #% *ac#/, o$ #f o" c!oo%"% o o

$"co/#C" !#% $&!, o$ *o%"% #% $&"% a 'o% $ofo& '"a#/. %&c! ca%"% >

!#c! a$" &fo$&a"* a** oo f$"L&" a #"%$"a > o$ ac## a !" "$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


"c!o*o/ "'*o" "co'" 'o$" #'o$a !a !" "$%o !#'%"*f a a !" %a'" #'"

a$" $a%fo$'" #o ""'#"% of !#% #/#.

2!2. )uman work not onl$ proceeds from the person but it is also essentiall$ ordered to and

has its final goal in the human person. """* of #% o@"c#" co", o$ '&% "o$#"" o !" %&@"c !o "$fo$'% #, "ca&%" !" " of o$, a o$ !a%o""$,

a*a% $"'a#% 'a. " #f o" cao #/o$" !" o@"c#" co'o" of o$ #! $"/a$

o #% L&a*#, !#% co'o" '&% o"!"*"%% " %&o$#a" o !" %"*f-$"a*#Ca#o of !"

"$%o, a !"$"fo$" o !" %&@"c#" #'"%#o, !a% o !#c! # #% o%%#*" o aff#$'

!awork is for man and not man for work . #% a*a% 'a !o #% !" &$o%" of o$,

!a""$ o$ # #% !a #% o" 'a > "" #f !" co''o %ca*" of a*&"% $a"% # a% !"

'"$"% I%"$#c", a% !" 'o% 'oooo&%, "" !" 'o% a*#"a#/ o$D588E.

2!,. )uman work also has an intrinsic social dimension. A "$%o% o$, # fac, #%a&$a** co"c" #! !a of o!"$ "o*". Toa 'o$" !a ""$, o$ #% work with

others a work for others. #% a 'a"$ of o#/ %o'"!#/ fo$ %o'"o" "*%"D58=E. T!"

f$&#% of o$ off"$ occa%#o% fo$ "c!a/", $"*a#o%!# a "co&"$. Wo$, !"$"fo$",

cao " $o"$* "a*&a" #f #% %oc#a* a&$" #% o a" #o acco&: <o$ 'a%

$o&c#" "ffo$ cao #"* #% f$&#% &*"%% a $&* %oc#a* a o$/a#c o "#%%, &*"%% a

%oc#a* a @&$##ca* o$"$ ac!"% o"$ !" ""$c#%" of o$, &*"%% !" a$#o&% occ&a#o%,

"#/ #"$""", coo"$a" #! a '&&a** co'*"" o" ao!"$, a, !a #% %#**

'o$" #'o$a, &*"%% '#, 'a"$#a* !#/%, a o$ co'#" a fo$' a% # "$" a %#/*"

!o*". T!"$"fo$", !"$" !" %oc#a* a ###&a* a&$" of o$ #% "/*"c", # #** "

#'o%%#*" o "a*&a" o$ @&%* a a # acco$#/ o @&%#c"D5=0E.

2!-. "ork is also .an obligation that is to sa$ a dut$ on the part of man/D5=1E. Ma '&%

o$, o! "ca&%" !" $"ao$ !a% co''a" # a # o$"$ o $"%o o !" "" o

'a#a# a ""*o !#% o !&'a#. Wo$ #% $"%"" a% a 'o$a* o*#/a#o #!

$"%"c o o"% "#/!o&$, !#c! # !" f#$% *ac" #% o"% o fa'#*, & a*%o !" %oc#" o

!#c! o" "*o/%, !" a#o of !#c! o" #% %o o$ a&/!"$, !" "#$" !&'a fa'#* of

!#c! o" #% '"'"$. W" a$" !"#$% of !" o$ of /""$a#o% a a !" %a'" #'" %!a"$%

of !" f&&$" of a** !o #** *#" af"$ &%.

2!5. "ork confirms the profound identit$ of men and women created in the image and

likeness of God : A% 'a, !$o&/! !#% o$, "co'"% 'o$" a 'o$" !" 'a%"$ of !" "a$!,

a a% !" cof#$'% !#% o'##o o"$ !" #%#*" o$*, a/a# !$o&/! !#% o$, !"

""$!"*"%% $"'a#% # ""$ ca%" a a ""$ !a%" of !#% $oc"%% #!# !" $"ao$%

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o$#/#a* o$"$#/. A !#% o$"$#/ $"'a#% "c"%%a$#* a ##%%o*&* *#" #! !" fac

!a 'a a% c$"a", a% 'a*" a f"'a*", I# !" #'a/" of +oD5=2E. T!#% "%c$#"%

!&'a ac## # !" &#"$%": '" a o'" a$" o #% o"$, & !o%" o !o' # #%

"$&%", ca**" o $"f*"c # !"#$ o 'a"$ of o$#/ !" #'a/" of !#' # !o%"

*#""%% !" a$" 'a".

. The relation$hi: 8et'een la8our and ca:ital

2!. "ork because of its sub5ective or personal character is superior to ever$ other factor

connected with productivit$# this principle applies in particular with regard to capital . T!"

"$' ca#a* !a% #ff"$" '"a#/% oa. Bo'"#'"% # ##ca"% !" 'a"$#a* '"a% of

$o&c#o # a /#" ""$$#%", %o'"#'"% !" f#ac#a* $"%o&$c"% "'*o" o $#/ ao&

$o&c#o o$ &%" # %oc 'a$" o"$a#o%. O" ca a*%o %"a of human capital o

$"f"$ o !&'a $"%o&$c"%, !a #%, o 'a !#'%"*f # !#% caac# o "/a/" # *ao&$, o 'a"&%" of o*"/" a c$"a##, o %"%" !" ""% of !#% f"**o o$"$% a a '&&a*

&"$%a#/ #! o!"$ '"'"$% of a o$/a#Ca#o. T!" "$' social capital #% a*%o &%"

o ##ca" !" caac# of a co**"c#" /$o& o o$ o/"!"$, !" f$&# of #"%'"% # a

'&&a**-##/ f#&c#a$ $&%. T!#% a$#" of '"a#/% off"$% f&$!"$ 'a"$#a* fo$

$"f*"c#/ o !a !" $"*a#o%!# """ o$ a ca#a* 'a " oa.

2!!. The Church's social doctrine has not failed to insist on the relationship between labour

and capital , *ac#/ # "#"c" o! !" $#o$# of !" f#$% o"$ !" %"co a% "** a% !"#$

co'*"'"a$##"%.

+abour has an intrinsic priorit$ over capital . T!#% $#c#*" #$"c* coc"$% !" $oc"%% of

$o&c#o: # !#% $oc"%% *ao&$ #% a*a% a $#'a$ "ff#c#" ca&%", !#*" ca#a*, !"

!o*" co**"c#o of '"a% of $o&c#o, $"'a#% a '"$" #%$&'" o$ #%$&'"a* ca&%".

T!#% $#c#*" #% a "#" $&! !a "'"$/"% f$o' !" !o*" of 'a% !#%o$#ca*

""$#"c"D5=3E. T!#% #% a$ of !" a##/ !"$#a/" of !" !&$c!% "ac!#/D5=4E.

There must e!ist between work and capital a relationship of complementarities: !" "$

*o/#c #!"$" #!# !" $oc"%% of $o&c#o %!o% !a !" o '&% '&&a** "$'"a"o" ao!"$ a !a !"$" #% a &$/" "" o c$"a" "coo'#c %%"'% # !#c! !"

oo%##o """ ca#a* a *ao&$ #% o"$co'"D5=5E. #'"% !" ca#a* a !#$"

*ao&$, #!# a *"%% co'*#ca" "coo'#c %%"', &%" o #"#f #! a c"$a# $"c#%#o

o o* o "*"'"% of $o&c#o & a*%o a ao" a** o coc$"" %oc#a* c*a%%"%, !"

!&$c! aff#$'" !a o! "$" # !"'%"*"% *"/##'a"D5=6E: a#a* cao %a #!o&

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


*ao&$, o$ *ao&$ #!o& ca#a*D5=7E. T!#% #% a $&! !a a*#"% a*%o oa, "ca&%" # #%

a*o/"!"$ fa*%" o a%c$#" "#!"$ o ca#a* a*o" o$ o *ao&$ a*o" !a #% ac!#"" !"

@o# o$ of o!; a # #% &"$* &@&% !a !" o" %!o&* a$$o/a" &o #%"*f !a #%

"#/ o", "#/ !" "ff"c#""%% of !" o!"$D5=8E.

2!". In considering the relationship between labour and capital above all with regard to the

impressive transformations of our modern times we must maintain that the .principal

resource/ and the .decisive factor/ D5==E at man's disposal is man himself , a !a !"

#"/$a* ""*o'" of !" !&'a "$%o !$o&/! o$ o"% o #'"" & $a!"$

$o'o"% !" /$"a"$ $o&c## a "ff#c#"c of o$ #%"*fD600E. fac, !" o$* of

o$ #% #%co"$#/ 'o$" a 'o$" !a !" a*&" of !&'a ca#a* #% f##/ "$"%%#o #

!" co%c#"c"% of o$"$%, # !"#$ #**#/"%% o c$"a" $"*a#o%!#%, # !"#$ c$"a##, #

!"#$ #&%$#o&%"%% # $o'o#/ !"'%"*"%, # !"#$ a#*# co%c#o&%* o fac" "

%#&a#o%, o o$ o/"!"$ a o &$%&" co''o o@"c#"%. T!"%" a$" %$#c* "$%oa*L&a*##"% !a "*o/ o !" %&@"c of o$ 'o$" !a o !" o@"c#", "c!#ca*, o$

o"$a#oa* a%"c% of o$ #%"*f. A** of !#% "a#*% a " "$%"c#" # !" $"*a#o%!#

""" *ao&$ a ca#a*. W" ca aff#$' !a, co$a$ o !a !a"" # !" fo$'"$

o$/a#Ca#o of *ao&$ # !#c! !" %&@"c o&* " & "#/ *"%% #'o$a !a !"

o@"c, !a !" '"c!a#ca* $oc"%%, # o&$ a !" %&@"c#" #'"%#o of o$ "% o "

'o$" "c#%#" a 'o$" #'o$a !a !" o@"c#" #'"%#o.

2!). The relationship between labour and capital often shows traits of antagonism that take

on new forms with the changing of social and economic conte!ts . !" a%, !" o$#/# of

!" cof*#c """ ca#a* a *ao&$ a% fo& ao" a** # !" fac !a !" o$"$% &

!"#$ o"$% a !" #%o%a* of !" "$"$""&$%, a !"%", fo**o#/ !" $#c#*" of

'a#'&' $of#, $#" o "%a*#%! !" *o"% o%%#*" a/"% fo$ !" o$ o" !"

"'*o""%.D601E In our present da$ this conflict shows aspects that are new and perhaps

more dis2uieting : %c#"#f#c a "c!o*o/#ca* $o/$"%% a !" /*oa*#Ca#o of 'a$"%, of

!"'%"*"% a %o&$c" of ""*o'" a $o/$"%%, "o%" o$"$% o !" $#% of "#/

"*o#" !" '"c!a#%'% of !" "coo' a !" &$"%$a#" L&"% fo$ $o&c##.

D602E

2"*. O" '&% o fa** #o !" "$$o$ of !##/ !a !" $oc"%% of o"$co'#/ !"

"""c" of o$ o 'a"$#a* #% of #%"*f caa*" of o"$co'#/ a*#"a#o # !"

o$*ac" o$ !" a*#"a#o of *ao&$. T!" $"f"$"c" !"$" #% o o* o !" 'a oc"% of

o-o$, coc"a*" o$, c!#* *ao&$, &"$a# o$, "*o#a#o of o$"$% > a** of

!#c! %#** "$%#% oa > & a*%o o ", '&c! 'o$" %&*" fo$'% of "*o#a#o of "

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%o&$c"% of o$, o o"$-o$#/, o o$-a%-ca$""$ !a of" a"% o 'o$" #'o$ac"

!a o!"$ !&'a a "c"%%a$ a%"c%, o "c"%%#" "'a% of o$ !a 'a"% fa'#*

*#f" &%a*" a %o'"#'"% #'o%%#*", o a 'o&*a$ %$&c&$" of o$ !a "a#*% !" $#% of

%"$#o&% $""$c&%%#o% o !" &#a$ "$c"#o of o"% o "#%"c" a !" %a#*# of

fa'#* $"*a#o%!#%. f "o*" a$" a*#"a" !" '"a% a "% a$" #"$", "*"'"% ofa*#"a#o ca a*%o " fo& # !" " co"% of o$ !a #% #''a"$#a*, *#/!, L&a*#a#"

'o$" !a L&a#a#", "#!"$ !$o&/! #c$"a%" %!a$#/ # a /"&#"* %&o$#"

co''&# o$ !$o&/! #c$"a%" #%o*a#o # a 'aC" of $"*a#o%!#% 'a$" "%$&c#"

co'"##""%% a "%$a/"'".D603E

c. 6or(% the ri;ht to :artici:ate

2"+. The relationship between labour and capital also finds e!pression when workers

participate in ownership management and profits. T!#% #% a a**-oo-of" o"$*oo"$"L&#$"'" a # %!o&* " /#" /$"a"$ co%#"$a#o. O !" a%#% of !#% o$ "ac!

"$%o #% f&** "#*" o co%#"$ !#'%"*f a a$-o"$ of !" /$"a o$"c! !"$" !" #%

o$#/ #! ""$o" "*%". A a oa$% !a /oa* co&* " fo& a%%oc#a#/ *ao&$

#! !" o"$%!# of ca#a*, a% fa$ a% o%%#*", a $o&c#/ a #" $a/" of

#"$'"#a" o#"% #! "coo'#c, %oc#a* a c&*&$a* &$o%"%. T!"%" o&* " o#"%

"@o#/ $"a* a&oo' #! $"/a$ o &*#c a&!o$##"%, &$%&#/ !"#$ %"c#f#c a#'% #

!o"% co**ao$a#o #! "ac! o!"$ a # %&o$#a#o o !" "'a% of !" co''o

/oo. T!"%" o&* " *##/ co''&##"% o! # fo$' a # %&%ac", a% '"'"$% of "ac!

o o&* " *oo" &o a $"a" a% "$%o% a "co&$a/" o a" a ac#" a$ #

!" *#f" of !" o.D604E T!" " a% !a o$ #% o$/a#C", !"$" o*"/" #% of

/$"a"$ acco& !a !" '"$" o"$%!# of !" '"a% of $o&c#o, coc$""* %!o% !a

o$, "ca&%" of #% %&@"c#" c!a$ac"$, "a#*% !" $#/! o a$#c#a". T!#% aa$""%% '&%

" f#$'* # *ac" # o$"$ o "a*&a" !" $o"$ *ac" of o$ # !" $oc"%% of $o&c#o

a o f# a% of a$#c#a#o !a a$" # *#" #! !" %&@"c## of o$ # !"

#%#c#" c#$c&'%ac"% of #ff"$" coc$"" %#&a#o%.D605E

. The relation$hi: 8et'een la8our and :rivate :ro:erty

2"2. T!" !&$c!% %oc#a* Ma/#%"$#&' %""% a "$"%%#o of !" $"*a#o%!# """ *ao&$

a ca#a* a*%o # !" #%#&#o of $#a" $o"$, # !" $#/! o a !" &%" of $#a"

$o"$. T!" $#/! o $#a" $o"$ #% %&o$#a" o !" $#c#*" of !" &#"$%a*

"%#a#o of /oo% a '&% o co%#&" a $"a%o fo$ #'"#/ !" o$ o$ ""*o'"

of o!"$%. $o"$, !#c! #% acL&#$" # !" f#$% *ac" !$o&/! o$, '&% " *ac" a !"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%"$#c" of o$. T!#% #% a$#c&*a$* $&" $"/a$#/ !" o%%"%%#o of !" '"a% of

$o&c#o, & !" %a'" $#c#*" a*%o coc"$% !" /oo% $o"$ o !" o$* of f#ac",

"c!o*o/, o*"/", a "$%o"*.

T!" '"a% of $o&c#o cao " o%%"%%" a/a#% *ao&$, !" cao "" " o%%"%%"fo$ o%%"%%#o% %a".D606E "co'"% #**"/##'a" o o%%"%% !"' !" $o"$ #% o

&#*#C" o$ !" # %"$"% o #'"" !" o$ of o!"$%, # a "ffo$ o /a# a $of# !#c! #%

o !" $"%&* of !" o"$a** "a%#o of o$ a !" "a*! of %oc#", & $a!"$ #% !"

$"%&* of c&$#/ !"' o$ of #**#c# "*o#a#o, %"c&*a#o o$ !" $"a#/ of %o*#a$#

a'o/ o$#/ "o*".D607E

2",. Private and public propert$ as well as the various mechanisms of the economic s$stem

must be oriented to an econom$ of service to mankind , %o !a !" co$#&" o &#/ #o

"ff"c !" $#c#*" of !" &#"$%a* "%#a#o of /oo%. T!" #%%&" of o"$%!# a &%" of" "c!o*o/#"% a o*"/" > !#c! # o&$ a co%#&" a a$#c&*a$ fo$' of

$o"$ !a #% o *"%% #'o$a !a o"$%!# of *a o$ ca#a* D608E > "co'"%

%#/#f#ca # !#% "$%"c#". T!"%" $"%o&$c"%, *#" a** /oo%, !a" a universal destination;

!" oo '&% " *ac" # a co" of *"/a* o$'% a %oc#a* $&*"% !a /&a$a"" !a !"

#** " &%" acco$#/ o !" c$#"$#a of @&%#c", "L&# a $"%"c of !&'a $#/!%. T!" "

#%co"$#"% a "c!o*o/#"%, !a% o !"#$ "o$'o&% o"#a*, ca 'a" a "c#%#"

co$#&#o o !" $o'o#o of %oc#a* $o/$"%%; & #f !" $"'a# coc"$a" # !"

"a*!#"$ co&$#"% o$ # !" !a% of a %'a** &'"$ of o"$f&* /$o&%, !" $#%

"co'#/ %o&$c"% of &"'*o'" a #c$"a%#/ !" /a """ ""*o" a

&"$""*o" a$"a%.

". Re$t fro& 'or(

2"-. -est from work is a right .D60=E A% +o $"%" o !" %""! a f$o' a** !" o$

!#c! !" !a o" (Gen 2:2), %o oo '" a o'", c$"a" # !#% #'a/", a$" o "@o

%&ff#c#" $"% a f$"" #'" !a #** a**o !"' o " o !"#$ fa'#*, c&*&$a*, %oc#a* a

$"*#/#o&% *#f".D610E T!" #%#&#o of !" ?o$% Ga co$#&"% o !#%.D611E O B&a%

a o!"$ Ho* Ga% of O*#/a#o, "*#""$% '&% $"f$a# f$o' "/a/#/ # o$ o$

ac###"% !a !#"$ !" o$%!# o" o +o, !" @o $o"$ o !" ?o$% Ga, !"

"$fo$'ac" of !" o$% of '"$c, a !" a$o$#a" $"*aa#o of '# a o.D612E

<a'#* ""% a %"$#c" of /$"a #'o$ac" o %oc#" co%#&" *"/##'a" "c&%"% f$o'

!" o*#/a#o of B&a $"%, & !"%" '&% o c$"a" !a#% !a a$" $"@&#c#a* o $"*#/#o,

fa'#* *#f" o$ !"a*!.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


2"5. (unda$ is a da$ that should be made hol$ b$ charitable activit$ devoting time to famil$

and relatives as well as to the sick the infirm and the elderl$ . O" '&% o fo$/" !"

$"!$" !o !a" !" %a'" ""% a !" %a'" $#/!%, " cao $"% f$o' o$ "ca&%"

of o"$ a '#%"$.D613E *oreover (unda$ is an appropriate time for the reflection

silence stud$ and meditation that foster the growth of the interior Christian life. "*#""$%%!o&* #%#/&#%! !"'%"*"% o !#% a oo !"#$ 'o"$a#o, ao##/ !" "c"%%"% a

c"$a#* !" #o*"c" !a 'a%% ""$a#'" %o'"#'"% occa%#o%.D614E T!" ?o$% Ga

%!o&* a*a% " *#" a% a a of *#"$a#o !a a**o% &% o a" a$ # !" f"%a*

/a!"$#/ a !" a%%"'* of !" f#$%o$ !o a$" "$o**" # !"a" (cf. )eb 12:22-23),

a#c#a#/ !&% !" c"*"$a#o of !" "f###" a%%o"$ # !" /*o$ of !"a".D615E

2". Public authorities have the dut$ to ensure that for reasons of economic productivit$

citi6ens are not denied time for rest and divine worship. '*o"$% !a" a aa*o/o&%

o*#/a#o $"/a$#/ !"#$ "'*o""%.D616E !$#%#a%, # $"%"c of $"*#/#o&% f$""o' a of!" co''o /oo of a**, %!o&* %"" o !a" B&a% a !" !&$c!% Ho* Ga%

$"co/#C" a% *"/a* !o*#a%. T!" !a" o /#" ""$o" a &*#c "a'*" of $a"$,

$"%"c a @o, a "f" !"#$ $a##o% a% a $"c#o&% co$#&#o o !" %#$#&a* *#f" of

%oc#".D617E "$ !$#%#a %!o&* ao# 'a#/ &"c"%%a$ "'a% o o!"$% !a

o&* !#"$ !"' f$o' o%"$#/ !" ?o$% Ga.D618E

I/. THE RI3HT T 6R7

a. 6or( i$ nece$$ary

2"!. Wo$ #% a f&a'"a* $#/! a a /oo fo$ 'a#,D61=E a &%"f&* /oo, o$! of

'a "ca&%" # #% a a$o$#a" a fo$ !#' o /#" "$"%%#o o a "!ac" !#% !&'a

#/#. T!" !&$c! "ac!"% !" a*&" of o$ o o* "ca&%" # #% a*a% %o'"!#/ !a

"*o/% o !" "$%o & a*%o "ca&%" of #% a&$" a% %o'"!#/ "c"%%a$.D620E Wo$ #%

""" o fo$' a 'a#a# a fa'#*,D621E o !a" a $#/! o $o"$,D622E o co$#&" o

!" co''o /oo of !" !&'a fa'#*.D623E co%#"$#/ !" 'o$a* #'*#ca#o% !a !"

L&"%#o of o$ !a% fo$ %oc#a* *#f", !" !&$c! cao fa#* o ##ca" &"'*o'" a% a

$"a* %oc#a* #%a%"$,D624E ao" a** #! $"/a$ o !" o&/"$ /""$a#o%.

2"". "ork is a good belonging to all people and must be made available to all who are

capable of engaging in it . .1ull emplo$ment/ therefore remains a mandator$ ob5ective for

ever$ economic s$stem oriented towards 5ustice and the common good . A %oc#" # !#c!

!" $#/! o o$ #% !a$" o$ %%"'a#ca** "#", a # !#c! "coo'#c o*#c#"% o o

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a**o o$"$% o $"ac! %a#%faco$ *""*% of "'*o'", cao " @&%#f#" f$o' a

"!#ca* o# of #", o$ ca !a %oc#" aa# %oc#a* "ac".D625E A #'o$a $o*" a,

co%"L&"*, a a$#c&*a$ a /$a" $"%o%##*# # !#% a$"a fa**% o ##$"c "'*o"$%,

D626E !a #%, !o%" %&@"c% > "$%o% o$ #%#&#o% of a$#o&% "% > # a o%##o o

#$"c, a !" a#oa* o$ #"$a#oa* *""*, o*#c#"% coc"$#/ *ao&$ a !" "coo'.

2"). The planning capacit$ of a societ$ oriented towards the common good and looking to

the future is measured also and above all on the basis of the emplo$ment prospects that it is

able to offer . T!" !#/! *""* of &"'*o'", !" $"%"c" of o%o*"" "&ca#oa* %%"'%

a of "$%#%" #ff#c&*#"% # /a##/ acc"%% o $of"%%#oa* fo$'a#o a !" @o 'a$"

$"$"%", "%"c#a** fo$ 'a o&/ "o*", a !&/" o%ac*" o !" $oa o !&'a a

$of"%%#oa* f&*f#*'". fac, !o%" !o a$" &"'*o" o$ &"$"'*o" %&ff"$ !"

$ofo& "/a#" co%"L&"c"% !a %&c! a %#&a#o c$"a"% # a "$%oa*# a !" $&

!" $#% of "#/ 'a$/#a*#C" #!# %oc#", of "co'#/ #c#'% of %oc#a* "c*&%#o.D627E /""$a*, !#% #% !" $a'a !a %$#"% o o* o&/ "o*", & a*%o o'", *"%%

%"c#a*#C" o$"$%, !" "$%o% #! #%a#*##"%, #''#/$a%, "-co#c%, !" #**#"$a", a**

!o%" !o fac" /$"a"$ #ff#c&*#"% # !" a"' o f# !"#$ *ac" # !" o$* of

"'*o'".

2)*. Ma#a##/ "'*o'" ""% 'o$" a 'o$" o o"% $of"%%#oa* caa#*##"%.

D628E %$&c#oa* a "&ca#oa* %%"'% '&% o "/*"c !&'a o$ "c!o*o/#ca*

fo$'a#o, !#c! a$" "c"%%a$ fo$ /a#f&** f&*f#**#/ o"% $"%o%##*##"%. T!" ""$ 'o$"

#"%$"a "c"%%# of c!a/#/ @o% 'a #'"% # o"% *#f"#'" 'a"% # #'"$a#" !a

!" "&ca#oa* %%"' "co&$a/" "o*" o " o" o o-/o#/ &a#/ a $"-$a##/.

9o&/ "o*" %!o&* " a&/! o ac &o !"#$ o ###a#", o acc" !" $"%o%##*# of

fac#/ #! a"L&a" co'""c#"% !" $#%% co"c" #! a f*&# "coo'#c co" !a #%

of" &$"#ca*" # !" a # "o*"%.D62=E L&a** ##%"%a*" #% !" a% of off"$#/

%&#a*" co&$%"% of fo$'a#o fo$ a&*% %""#/ $"-$a##/ a fo$ !" &"'*o". Mo$"

/""$a**, "o*" "" coc$"" fo$'% of %&o$ a% !" @o&$" # !" o$* of o$,

%a$#/ $"c#%"* #! fo$'a#oa* %%"'%, %o !a # #** " *"%% #ff#c&* o co" #!

"$#o% of c!a/", &c"$a# a #%a#*#.

. The role of the State and civil $ociety in :ro&otin; the ri;ht to 'or(

2)+. Emplo$ment problems challenge the responsibilit$ of the (tate whose dut$ it is to

promote active emplo$ment policies, !a #%, o*#c#"% !a #** "co&$a/" !" c$"a#o of

"'*o'" oo$&##"% #!# !" a#oa* "$$#o$, $o##/ !" $o&c#o %"co$ #!

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


#c"#"% o !#% ". T!" & of !" Ba" o"% o co%#% %o '&c! # #$"c* /&a$a""#/

!" $#/! o o$ of ""$ c##C", 'a#/ !" !o*" of "coo'#c *#f" "$ $#/# a

$"%$#c#/ ###&a* f$"" ###a#", a% '&c! a% # !" & o %&%a# &%#"%% ac###"%

c$"a#/ co##o% !#c! #** "%&$" @o oo$&##"%, %#'&*a#/ !o%" ac###"% !"$"

!" a$" *ac#/ o$ %&o$#/ !"' # 'o'"% of c$#%#%.D630E

2)2. Given the 2uickl$ developing global dimensions of economic7financial relationships

and of the labour market there is a need to promote an effective international cooperation

among (tates '"a% of $"a#"%, a/$""'"% a co''o *a% of ac#o !a %af"/&a$

!" $#/! o o$, "" # !" 'o% c$##ca* !a%"% of !" "coo'#c cc*", a !" a#oa* a

#"$a#oa* *""*%. #% "c"%%a$ o " aa$" of !" fac !a !&'a o$ #% a $#/! &o

!#c! !" $o'o#o of %oc#a* @&%#c" a c##* "ac" #$"c* "". 'o$a a%% # !#%

$"/a$ fa** o #"$a#oa* o$/a#Ca#o% a o *ao&$ &#o%. Fo##/ fo$c"% # !" 'o%

%&#a*" a%, !" '&% %$#" f#$% of a** o c$"a" a ""$ 'o$" #/!* # fa$#c of @&$##ca* o$'% !a $o"c !" o$ of '", o'" a o&!, "%&$#/ #% $o"$

$"'&"$a#o.D631E

2),. To $o'o" !" $#/! o o$ # #% #'o$a oa, a% # !" a% of -erum 3ovarum,

!a !"$" " a o" $oc"%% !#c! %oc#" o$/a#C"D%E #%"*f.D632E M"a#/f&*

"%#'o#"% a "a'*"% of %"*f-o$/a#Ca#o ca " fo& # !" &'"$o&% ###a#"%,

&%#"%% a %oc#a*, c!a$ac"$#C" fo$'% of a$#c#a#o, coo"$a#o a %"*f-

'aa/"'" !a 'a#f"% !" @o##/ of ""$/#"% # %o*#a$#. T!"%" a$" off"$" o !"

'a$" a% a '&*#fac"" %"co$ of o$ ac## !o%" 'a$ of #%#c#o #% !" %"c#a*

a"#o /#" o !" $"*a#oa* co'o"% of !" /oo% $o&c" a of !" %"$#c"%

$""$" # 'a a$"a%: #%$&c#o, !"a*! ca$", a%#c %oc#a* %"$#c"% a c&*&$". T!"

###a#"% of !#% %o-ca**" !#$ %"co$ $"$"%" a ""$ 'o$" #'o$a oo$&# fo$

!" ""*o'" of *ao&$ a !" "coo'.

c. The fa&ily and the ri;ht to 'or(

2)-. "ork is .a foundation for the formation of famil$ life which is a natural right and

something that man is called to/.D633E "%&$"% a '"a% of %&%#%"c" a %"$"% a% a

/&a$a"" fo$ $a#%#/ c!#*$".D634E <a'#* a o$, %o c*o%"* #"$""" # !"

""$#"c" of !" a% 'a@o$# of "o*", "%"$" f#a** o " co%#"$" # a 'o$" $"a*#%#c

*#/!, #! a a"#o !a %""% o &"$%a !"' o/"!"$, #!o& !" *#'#% of a %$#c*

$#a" coc"#o of !" fa'#* o$ a %$#c* "coo'#c #" of o$. !#% $"/a$, # #%

"c"%%a$ !a &%#"%%"%, $of"%%#oa* o$/a#Ca#o%, *ao&$ &#o% a !" Ba" $o'o"




7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o*#c#"% !a, f$o' a "'*o'" o# of #", o o "a*#C" & $a!"$ %&o$ !"

fa'#* &c*"&%. fac, fa'#* *#f" a o$ '&&a** aff"c o" ao!"$ # #ff"$" a%.

T$a"**#/ /$"a #%ac"% o !" o$*ac", o$#/ o @o%, !%#ca* a %c!o*o/#ca*

fa#/&" a** $"&c" !" #'" "o" o !" fa'#*.D635E B#&a#o% of &"'*o'" !a"

'a"$#a* a %#$#&a* $""$c&%%#o% o fa'#*#"%, @&% a% "%#o% a fa'#* c$#%"% !a""/a#" #f*&"c"% o a#&"% a $o&c## # !" a$"a of o$.

. 6o&en and the ri;ht to 'or(

2)5. The feminine genius is needed in all e!pressions in the life of societ$ therefore the

presence of women in the workplace must also be guaranteed . T!" f#$% ##%"%a*" %" #

!#% #$"c#o #% !" coc$"" o%%##*# of acc"%% o $of"%%#oa* fo$'a#o. The recognition

and defence of women's rights in the conte!t of work generall$ depend on the organi6ation

of work which must take into account the dignit$ and vocation of women, !o%" $&"aac"'" ... $"L&#$"% !a *ao&$ %!o&* " %$&c&$" # %&c! a a !a o'" o o

!a" o a fo$ !"#$ aac"'" aao#/ !a #% %"c#f#c o !"'.D636E T!#% #%%&"

#% !" '"a%&$" of !" 2ualit$ of societ$ a #% effective defence of o'"% $#/! o o$.

T!" "$%#%"c" of 'a fo$'% of #%c$#'#a#o off"%#" o !" #/# a oca#o of

o'" # !" a$"a of o$ #% &" o a *o/ %"$#"% of co##o#/ !a "a*#C"% o'", !o

!a" %"" !"#$ $"$o/a#"% '#%$"$"%"" a !"'%"*"% $"*"/a" o !" 'a$/#% of

%oc#" a "" $"&c" o %"$#&".D637E T!"%" #ff#c&*#"%, &fo$&a"*, !a" o ""

o"$co'", a% #% "'o%$a" !"$""$ !"$" a$" %#&a#o% !a "'o$a*#C" o'", 'a#/!"' o@"c% of a "$ $"a* "*o#a#o. A &$/" "" o $"co/#C" "ff"c#"* !" $#/!% of

o'" # !" o$*ac" #% %"" "%"c#a** &"$ !" a%"c% of a, #%&$ac" a %oc#a*

%"c&$#.D638E

". Child la8our

2). Child labour in its intolerable forms constitutes a kind of violence that is less obvious

than others but it is not for this reason an$ less terrible.D63=E T!#% #% a #o*"c" !a, "o

a** o*##ca*, "coo'#c a *"/a* #'*#ca#o%, $"'a#% "%%"#a** a 'o$a* $o*"'. o" ?"o #%%&" !" a$#/: # $"/a$ o c!#*$", /$"a ca$" %!o&* " a" o o *ac" !"'

# o$%!o% a faco$#"% &#* !"#$ o#"% a '#% a$" %&ff#c#"* ""*o". <o$, @&%

a% "$ $o&/! "a!"$ "%$o% !" &% of %$#/, %o o"% oo "a$* a ""$#"c" of *#f"%

!a$ o#* *#/! !" o&/ $o'#%" of a c!#*% fac&*#"%, a $""$ a $&" "&ca#o

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


#'o%%#*".D640E Af"$ 'o$" !a a !&$" "a$%, !" *#/! of c!#* *ao&$ !a% o "

"" o"$co'".

" #! !" o*"/" !a, a *"a% fo$ o, # c"$a# co&$#"% !" co$#&#o 'a"

c!#* *ao&$ o fa'#* #co'" a !" a#oa* "coo' #% ##%"%a*", a !a # a"" c"$a# fo$'% of a$-#'" o$ ca $o" ""f#c#a* fo$ c!#*$" !"'%"*"%, !"

!&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#" co"'% !" #c$"a%" # !" "*o#a#o of c!#*$" # !"

o$*ac" # co##o% of "$#a*" %*a"$.D641E T!#% "*o#a#o $"$"%"% a %"$#o&%

#o*a#o of !&'a #/#, #! !#c! ""$ "$%o, o 'a"$ !o %'a** o$ !o

%""'#/* &#'o$a # &#*#a$#a "$'%,D642E #% "o".

f. I&&i;ration and 'or(

2)!. Immigration can be a resource for development rather than an obstacle to it . !"'o"$ o$*, !"$" !"$" a$" %#** /$a" #"L&a*##"% """ $#c! co&$#"% a oo$

co&$#"%, a !"$" aac"% # co''&#ca#o% L&#c* $"&c" #%ac"%, !" #''#/$a#o

of "o*" *oo#/ fo$ a ""$ *#f" #% o !" #c$"a%". T!"%" "o*" co'" f$o' *"%% $##*"/"

a$"a% of !" "a$! a !"#$ a$$#a* # ""*o" co&$#"% #% of" "$c"#" a% a !$"a o !"

!#/! *""*% of "**-"#/ ac!#"" !a% o "ca"% of "coo'#c /$o!. 'o% ca%"%,

!o""$, #''#/$a% f#** a *ao&$ "" !#c! o&* o!"$#%" $"'a# &f#**" # %"co$% a

"$$#o$#"% !"$" !" *oca* o$fo$c" #% #%&ff#c#" o$ &#**#/ o "/a/" # !" o$ #

L&"%#o.

2)". Institutions in host countries must keep careful watch to prevent the spread of the

temptation to e!ploit foreign labourers den$ing them the same rights en5o$ed b$ nationals

rights that are to be guaranteed to all without discrimination. R"/&*a#/ #''#/$a#o

acco$#/ o c$#"$#a of "L&# a a*ac" D643E #% o" of !" ##%"%a*" co##o% fo$

"%&$#/ !a #''#/$a% a$" #"/$a" #o %oc#" #! !" /&a$a""% $"L&#$"

$"co/##o of !"#$ !&'a #/#. ''#/$a% a$" o " $"c"#" a% "$%o% a !"*",

o/"!"$ #! !"#$ fa'#*#"%, o "co'" a a$ of %oc#"a* *#f".D644E !#% co", !" right

of reuniting families should be respected and promoted .D645E A !" %a'" #'", co##o%

!a fo%"$ #c$"a%" o$ oo$&##"% # "o*"% *ac" of o$#/# a$" o " $o'o" a%

'&c! a% o%%#*".D646E

/. The 'orld of a;riculture and the ri;ht to 'or(

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


2)). 8gricultural labour merits special attention given the important social cultural and

economic role that it continues to pla$ in the economic s$stems of man$ countries and also

considering the man$ problems that need to be met in the conte!t of an ever more globali6ed

econom$ as well as its growing significance in safeguarding the natural environment .

Ra#ca* a &$/" c!a/"% a$" !"$"fo$" """ # o$"$ o $"%o$" o a/$#c&*&$" > a o$&$a* "o*" > !"#$ @&% a*&" a% !" a%#% fo$ a !"a*! "coo', #!# !" %oc#a*

co''&#% ""*o'" a% a !o*".D647E

T!" $ofo& a $a#ca* c!a/"% &"$a a !" %oc#a* a c&*&$a* *""*% a*%o #

a/$#c&*&$" a # !" 'o$" "a%#" $&$a* o$* &$/"* ca** fo$ a !o$o&/! "a'#a#o of

!" '"a#/ of a/$#c&*&$a* o$ # #% 'a #ff"$" #'"%#o%. T!#% #% a c!a**"/" of

/$"a #'o$ac" !a '&% " '" #! a/$#c&*&$a* a "#$o'"a* o*#c#"% !a a$"

caa*" of o"$co'#/ a coc" of "*fa$" co#&#/ f$o' !" a% a of ""*o#/ "

"$%"c#"% fo$ 'o"$ a/$#c&*&$" !a #% # a o%##o o *a a %#/#f#ca $o*" # %oc#a*a "coo'#c *#f".

,**. In some countries a redistribution of land as part of sound policies of agrarian reform

is indispensable in order to overcome the obstacles that an unproductive s$stem of

latifundium condemned b$ the Church's social doctrine D648E places on the path of

genuine economic development& G""*o#/ co&$#"% ca "ff"c#"* co&"$ !" $"%"

$oc"%% &"$ !#c! *a o"$%!# #% "#/ coc"$a" # a f" !a% #f !" fac" & o

c"$a# %#&a#o% !a co%#&" $"a* %$&c&$a* $o*"'%, fo$ "a'*" *"/#%*a#" "f#c#"c#"%

a "*a% $"/a$#/ o! $"co/##o of *a #*"% a # $"*a#o o !" c$"# 'a$", a

*ac of coc"$ o"$ a/$#c&*&$a* $"%"a$c! a $a##/, a "/*"c of %oc#a* %"$#c"% a

#f$a%$&c&$"% # $&$a* a$"a%.D64=E A/$a$#a $"fo$' !"$"fo$" "co'"% a 'o$a* o*#/a#o

'o$" !a a o*##ca* "c"%%#, %#c" !" fa#*&$" o "ac %&c! $"fo$' #% a !#$ac" # !"%"

co&$#"% o !" ""f#% a$#%#/ f$o' !" o"#/ of 'a$"% a, /""$a**, f$o' !"

a&a /$o! oo$&##"% off"$" !" c&$$" $oc"%% of /*oa*#Ca#o.D650E

/. THE RI3HTS 1 6R7ERS

a. The di;nity of 'or(er$ and the re$:ect for their ri;ht$

,*+. The rights of workers like all other rights are based on the nature of the human person

and on his transcendent dignit$. T!" !&$c!% %oc#a* Ma/#%"$#&' !a% %"" f# o *#% %o'" of

!"%" $#/!%, # !" !o" !a !" #** " $"co/#C" # @&$##ca* %%"'%: !" $#/! o a @&%

a/"; D651E !" $#/! o $"%; D652E !" $#/! o a o$#/ "#$o'" a o 'a&fac&$#/

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


$oc"%%"% !#c! a$" o !a$'f&* o !" o$"$% !%#ca* !"a*! o$ o !"#$ 'o$a* #"/$#;

D653E !" $#/! !a o"% "$%oa*# # !" o$*ac" %!o&* " %af"/&a$" #!o&

%&ff"$#/ a aff$o o o"% co%c#"c" o$ "$%oa* #/#; D654E !" $#/! o a$o$#a"

%&%##"% !a a$" "c"%%a$ fo$ !" %&%#%"c" of &"'*o" o$"$% a !"#$ fa'#*#"%;

D655E !" $#/! o a "%#o a o #%&$ac" fo$ o* a/", %#c"%%, a # ca%" of o$-$"*a" acc#"%; D656E !" $#/! o %oc#a* %"c&$# co"c" #! 'a"$#; D657E !" $#/!

o a%%"'*" a fo$' a%%oc#a#o%.D658E T!"%" $#/!% a$" of" #f$#/", a% #% cof#$'"

!" %a fac of o$"$% !o a$" &"$a# a #!o& $o"c#o o$ a"L&a" $"$"%"a#o.

of" !a"% !a o$ co##o% fo$ '", o'" a c!#*$", "%"c#a** # ""*o#/

co&$#"%, a$" %o #!&'a" !a !" a$" a off"c" o !"#$ #/# a co'$o'#%" !"#$

!"a*!.

. The ri;ht to fair re&uneration and inco&e di$tri8ution

,*2. -emuneration is the most important means for achieving 5ustice in work relationships.

D65=E T!" @&% a/" #% !" *"/##'a" f$&# of o$.D660E

T!" co''# /$a" #@&%#c" !o $"f&%" o a a @&% a/" o$ !o o o /#" # # &" #'"

a # $oo$#o o !" o$ o" (cf. +v 1=:13; 9t 24:14-15; Jas 5:4). A %a*a$ #% !"

#%$&'" !a "$'#% !" *ao&$"$ o /a# acc"%% o !" /oo% of !" "a$!. R"'&"$a#o

fo$ *ao&$ #% o " %&c! !a 'a 'a " f&$#%!" !" '"a% o c&*#a" o$!#* !#% o

'a"$#a*, %oc#a*, c&*&$a*, a %#$#&a* *#f" a !a of !#% """%, # #" of !" f&c#o

a $o&c#""%% of "ac! o", !" co##o% of !" faco$ o$ o$%!o, a !" co''o/oo.D661E T!" %#'*" a/$""'" """ "'*o"" a "'*o"$ #! $"/a$ o !"

a'o& of a o " $"c"#" #% o %&ff#c#" fo$ !" a/$""-&o %a*a$ o L&a*#f a% a @&%

a/", "ca&%" a @&% a/" '&% o " "*o !" *""* of %&%#%"c"D662E of !" o$"$:

a&$a* @&%#c" $"c""% a #% ao" !" f$""o' of !" co$ac.

,*,. The economic well7being of a countr$ is not measured e!clusivel$ b$ the 2uantit$ of

goods it produces but also b$ taking into account the manner in which the$ are produced

and the level of e2uit$ in the distribution of income, !#c! %!o&* a**o ""$o" acc"%% o

!a #% "c"%%a$ fo$ !"#$ "$%oa* ""*o'" a "$f"c#o. A "L&#a*" #%$#&#o of

#co'" #% o " %o&/! o !" a%#% of c$#"$#a o '"$"* of co''&a#" @&%#c" & a*%o of

%oc#a* @&%#c" !a #%, co%#"$#/, "o !" o@"c#" a*&" of !" o$ $""$", !"

!&'a #/# of !" %&@"c% !o "$fo$' #. A&!"#c "coo'#c "**-"#/ #% &$%&" a*%o

'"a% of %&#a*" social policies for the redistribution of income !#c!, a#/ /""$a*

co##o% #o acco&, *oo a '"$# a% "** a% a !" "" of "ac! c##C".

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


c. The ri;ht to $tri(e

,*-. The Church's social doctrine recogni6es the legitimac$ of striking !" # cao "

ao#", o$ a *"a% !" # #% "c"%%a$ o oa# a $oo$#oa" ""f#,D663E !" ""$

o!"$ '"!o fo$ !" $"%o*&#o of #%&"% !a% "" #"ff"c&a*.D664E B$##/, o" of !"'o% #ff#c&* #co$#"% o *ao&$ &#o a%%oc#a#o%, 'a " "f#" a% !" co**"c#"

a coc"$" $"f&%a* o !" a$ of o$"$% o co#&" $""$#/ !"#$ %"$#c"%, fo$ !"

&$o%" of oa##/ '"a% of %&c! $"%%&$" ""$" o !"#$ "'*o"$%, !" Ba" o$ o

&*#c o##o "#!"$ ""$ o$#/ co##o% o$ a #'$o"'" # !"#$ %oc#a* %a&%.

B$##/ a% a # of &*#'a&' D665E '&% a*a% " a "ac"f&* '"!o fo$ 'a#/

"'a% a f#/!#/ fo$ o"% $#/!%; # "co'"% 'o$a** &acc"a*" !" acco'a#"

#o*"c", o$ !" o@"c#"% a$" #c*&" !a a$" o #$"c* *#" o o$#/

co##o% o$ a$" co$a$ o !" co''o /oo.D666E

/I. SLIARIT A<43 6R7ERS

a. The i&:ortance of union$

,*5. The *agisterium recogni6es the fundamental role pla$ed b$ labour unions whose

e!istence is connected with the right to form associations or unions to defend the vital

interests of workers emplo$ed in the various professions. U#o% /$" & f$o' !" %$&//*"

of !" o$"$% > o$"$% # /""$a* & "%"c#a** !" #&%$#a* o$"$% > o $o"c !"#$

@&% $#/!% vis7:7vis !" "$"$""&$% a !" o"$% of !" '"a% of $o&c#o.D667E B&c!o$/a#Ca#o%, !#*" &$%&#/ !"#$ %"c#f#c &$o%" #! $"/a$ o !" co''o /oo, a$" a

o%##" #f*&"c" fo$ %oc#a* o$"$ a %o*#a$#, a a$" !"$"fo$" a indispensable element

of social life. T!" $"co/##o of o$"$% $#/!% !a% a*a% "" a #ff#c&* $o*"' o

$"%o*" "ca&%" !#% $"co/##o a"% *ac" #!# co'*" !#%o$#ca* a #%#&#oa*

$oc"%%"%, a %#** oa # $"'a#% #co'*"". T!#% 'a"% !" $ac#c" of a&!"#c

%o*#a$# a'o/ o$"$% 'o$" f##/ a "c"%%a$ !a ""$.

,*. The Church's social doctrine teaches that relations within the world of work must be

marked b$ cooperation4 hatred and attempts to eliminate the other are completel$unacceptable. T!#% #% a*%o !" ca%" "ca&%" # ""$ %oc#a* %%"' o! *ao&$ a

ca#a* $"$"%" ##%"%a*" co'o"% of !" $oc"%% of $o&c#o. *#/! of !#%

&"$%a#/, !" !&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#" o"% o !o* !a &#o% a$" o 'o$" !a a

$"f*"c#o of !" Ic*a%% %$&c&$" of %oc#" a !a !" a$" a 'o&!#"c" fo$ a c*a%% %$&//*"

!#c! #"#a* /o"$% %oc#a* *#f".D668E Properl$ speaking unions are promoters of the

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


struggle for social 5ustice, fo$ !" $#/!% of o$"$% # !"#$ a$#c&*a$ $of"%%#o%: T!#%

%$&//*" %!o&* " %"" a% a o$'a* ""ao&$ Ifo$ !" @&% /oo ... o a %$&//*" Ia/a#%

o!"$%.D66=E "#/ f#$% of a** #%$&'"% of %o*#a$# a @&%#c", &#o% 'a o '#%&%"

!" oo*% of co"#o; "ca&%" of !a !" a$" ca**" o o, !" '&% o"$co'" !"

"'a#o of "*#"#/ !a a** o$"$% %!o&* " &#o-'"'"$%, !" '&% " caa*" of%"*f-$"/&*a#o a " a*" o "a*&a" !" co%"L&"c"% !a !"#$ "c#%#o% #** !a" o !"

co''o /oo.D670E

,*!. %e$ond their function of defending and vindicating unions have the dut$ of acting as

representatives working for .the proper arrangement of economic life/ and of educating the

social consciences of workers %o !a !" #** f""* !a !" !a" a ac#" $o*", acco$#/ o

!"#$ $o"$ caac##"% a a#&"%, # !" !o*" a% of "coo'#c a %oc#a* ""*o'"

a # !" aa#'" of !" &#"$%a* co''o /oo.D671E U#o% a o!"$ fo$'% of *ao&$

a%%oc#a#o% a$" o o$ # coo"$a#o #! o!"$ %oc#a* "##"% a a$" o a" a #"$"% #!" 'aa/"'" of &*#c 'a"$%. U#o o$/a#Ca#o% !a" !" & o ""$c#%" #f*&"c"

# !" o*##ca* a$"a, 'a#/ # &* %"%##" o *ao&$ $o*"'% a !"*#/ # o o$ %o

!a o$"$% $#/!% a$" $"%"c". U#o% o o, !o""$, !a" !" c!a$ac"$ of o*##ca*

a$#"% %$&//*#/ fo$ o"$, a !" %!o&* o " fo$c" o %&'# o !" "c#%#o% of

o*##ca* a$#"% o$ " oo c*o%"* *#" o !"'. %&c! a %#&a#o !" "a%#* *o%"

coac #! !"#$ %"c#f#c $o*", !#c! #% o %"c&$" !" @&% $#/!% of o$"$% #!# !"

f$a'"o$ of !" co''o /oo of !" !o*" of %oc#"; #%"a !" "co'" an instrument

used for other purposes.D672E

. 4e' for&$ of $olidarity

,*". The modern socio7economic conte!t characteri6ed b$ ever more rapid processes of

economic and financial globali6ation prompts unions to engage in renewal . Toda$ unions

are called to act in new wa$s,D673E #"#/ !" %co" of !"#$ ac## of %o*#a$# %o !a

$o"c#o #% affo$" o o* o !" $a##oa* ca"/o$#"% of o$"$%, & a*%o o o$"$%

#! non7 standard o$ *#'#"-#'" co$ac%, "'*o""% !o%" @o% a$" !$"a""

&%#"%% '"$/"$% !a occ&$ #! ""$ #c$"a%#/ f$"L&"c, "" a !" #"$a#oa* *""*; o

!o%" !o o o !a" a @o, o #''#/$a%, %"a%oa* o$"$% a !o%" !o, "ca&%" !"

!a" o !a $of"%%#oa* &a#/, !a" "" #%'#%%" f$o' !" *ao&$ 'a$" a cao

" $"- a'#" #!o& $o"$ $"-$a##/.

Given the changes that have taken place in the world of work solidarit$ can be recovered

and perhaps with a firmer foundation in respect to the past if the effort is made to

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


rediscover the sub5ective value of work4 !"$" '&% " co#&" %& of !" %&@"c of

o$ a of !" %&@"c% *##/ co##o%. <o$ !#% $"a%o, !"$" #% a "" fo$ ""$ "

'o"'"% of %o*#a$# of !" o$"$% a #! !" o$"$%.D674E

,*). Pursuing .new forms of solidarit$/,D675E workers' associations must focus their effortson the acceptance of greater responsibilities o o* # $"*a#o o !" $a##oa*

'"c!a#%'% fo$ $"#%$#&#o & a*%o # $"*a#o o !" $o&c#o of "a*! a !"

c$"a#o of %oc#a*, o*##ca* a c&*&$a* co##o% !#c! #** "$'# a** !o a$" a*" a

#**#/ o o$ o ""$c#%" !"#$ $#/! o o$ # f&** $"%"c fo$ !"#$ #/# a% o$"$%. T!"

/$a&a* o%o*"%c"c" of o$/a#Ca#oa* 'o"*% a%" o %a*a$#" o$"$% # #/ &%#"%%

'a"% # f##/ o &a" !" o$'% a %%"'% of %oc#a* %"c&$# !a !a" $a##oa**

$o"c" o$"$% a /&a$a"" !"#$ f&a'"a* $#/!%.

/II. THE =4E6 THI43S>1 THE 6RL 1 6R7

a. An e:och?&a(in; :ha$e of tran$ition

,+*. The phenomenon of globali6ation is one of the most important causes of the current

change in the organi6ation of work& This phenomenon brings about new forms of production

where plants are located awa$ from where strategies are decided and far from the markets

where the goods are consumed . T!"$" a$" o $#'a$ faco$% $##/ !#% !"o'"o: !"

"$ao$#a$ %"" of co''&#ca#o o *o/"$ *#'#" %ac" o$ #'", a !" $"*a#""a%" #! !#c! '"$c!a#%" a "o*" a$" $a%o$" f$o' o" a$ of !" o$* o

ao!"$. T!#% "a#*% a f&a'"a* co%"L&"c" fo$ $oc"%%"% of $o&c#o, a% $o"$ #%

""$ f&$!"$ $"'o" a of" ##ff"$" o !" %oc#a* "ff"c% of !" "c#%#o% 'a". O !"

o!"$ !a, #f # #% $&" !a /*oa*#Ca#o #% "#!"$ /oo o$ a # #%"*f, & ""% o

!o # #% &%",D676E # '&% " aff#$'" !a a globali6ation of safeguards minimum

essential rights and e2uit$ is necessar$.

,++. O" of !" 'o% %#/#f#ca c!a$ac"$#%#c% of !" " o$/a#Ca#o of o$ #% !"

!%#ca* f$a/'"a#o of !" cc*" of $o&c#o, $o'o" # o$"$ o oa# /$"a"$"ff#c#"c a /$"a"$ $of#%. !#% "$%"c#", !" $a##oa* %ac"-#'" coo$#a"%

#!# !#c! !" cc*" of $o&c#o fo$'"$* oo *ac" &"$/o"% a &$"c"""

$a%fo$'a#o !a ""$'#"% a c!a/" # !" %$&c&$" of o$ #%"*f. A** of !#% !a%

%#/#f#ca co%"L&"c"% fo$ !" *#f" of ###&a*% a co''&##"% %&@"c" o $a#ca*

c!a/"% o! o !" *""* of 'a"$#a* co##o% a of c&*&$" a a*&"%. O !" o$*#"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a *oca* *""*%, !#% !"o'"o $"%"* #o*"% '#**#o% of "o*", #"""* of

!"#$ $of"%%#o, %oc#a* %a#/ o$ c&*&$a* $"a$a#o. T!" $"o$/a#Ca#o of #'", #%

%aa$#Ca#o a !" c!a/"% c&$$"* &"$a # !" &%" of %ac" > co'a$a*" #

"" o !" f#$% &%$#a* R"o*&#o #%ofa$ a% !" #o*" ""$ %"co$ of $o&c#o, o

""$ co#", #""" of !"#$ *""* of ""*o'" > a$" !"$"fo$" o " co%#"$"a c$&c#a* c!a**"/", a*%o a !" *""* of "!#c% a c&*&$", # !" a$"a of "f##/ a $"""

%%"' fo$ !" "f"c" of o$.

,+2. The globali6ation of the econom$ with the liberali6ation of markets the stiffening of

competition the increase of speciali6ed businesses in providing goods and services re2uires

greater fle!ibilit$ in the labour market and in organi6ing and managing production

processes. 'a#/ a "a*&a#o # !#% "*#ca" a$"a, # %""'% a$o$#a" o *" /$"a"$

'o$a*, c&*&$a* a *a#/ a"#o o /##/ #$"c#o o %oc#a* a o*##ca* ac##

coc"$#/ #%%&"% co"c" #! !" #"# a co" of " o$, # a 'a$" a a"coo' !a a$" !"'%"*"% ". fac, !" c!a/"% # !" *ao&$ 'a$" a$" of" a

"ff"c of !" c!a/" o !#c! o$ !a% "" %&@"c", a o o" of #% ca&%"%.

,+,. "ork above all within the economic s$stems of the more developed countries is going

through a phase that marks the passage from an industrial7t$pe econom$ to an econom$

essentiall$ built on services and technological innovations. o!"$ o$%, !a #%

!a"#/ #% !a %"$#c"% a ac###"% #! a $"o'#a #fo$'a#oa* co" %!o a

'&c! /$"a"$ $a## of /$o! !a $a##oa* $#'a$ a %"coa$ %"co$%. T!#% "a#*%

fa$-$a/#/ co%"L&"c"% fo$ o$/a#C#/ !" $o&c#o a "c!a/" of /oo%, "f##/ @o

$"L&#$"'"% a $o##/ "ff"c#" %oc#a* $o"c#o.

Thanks to technological innovations the world of work is being enriched with new

professions while others are disappearing . fac, # !" $"%" !a%" of $a%##o !"$" #% a

co#&o&% 'o"'" of o$"$% f$o' !" #&%$#a* %"co$ o !a of %"$#c"%. A% !"

"coo'#c a %oc#a* 'o"*% co"c" #! #/ faco$#"% a #! a !o'o/"o&% o$#/

c*a%% *o%" /$o&, !" "'*o'" $o%"c% # !" !#$ %"co$ #'$o". a$#c&*a$, !"$"

#% a #c$"a%" # @o ac## # !" a$"a of "$%oa* %"$#c"%, # a$-#'", "'o$a$ a

o-$a##oa* "'*o'", !a #%, o$ !a o"% o f# #o a ca"/o$ !a o&*

c*a%%#f !" @o-!o*"$ "#!"$ a% a "'*o"" o$ a% %"*f-"'*o".

,+-. T!" $a%##o c&$$"* &"$a %#/a*% !" 'o" f$o' """ o$ #! o

$"%c$#" #'" *#'#, &"$%oo a% a %a*" @o, o a %"$#"% of @o% c!a$ac"$#C" 'a

#% of o$ ac###"%, f$o' a o$* of a &#f#", "f##" a $"co/#C" coc" of o$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o a &#"$%" of @o% !"$" !"$" #% /$"a a$#", f*&## a a "a*! of $o'#%"%. T!"$" a$"

a*%o 'a L&"%#o% of coc"$, "%"c#a** #! $"/a$ o !" /$o#/ &c"$a# of o$,

!" "$%#%" $"%"c" of %$&c&$a* &"'*o'" a !" #a"L&ac of c&$$" %%"'% of

%oc#a* %"c&$#. T!" "'a% of co'"##o, "c!o*o/#ca* #oa#o a !" co'*"##"%

of f#ac#a* f*&"% '&% " $o&/! #o !a$'o #! !" "f"c" of o$"$% a !"#$$#/!%.

T!#% &c"$a# a #%a#*# #o*" o o* !" *ao&$ co##o% of o$"$% # 'o$"

""*o" co&$#"% & aff"c a*%o, a ao" a**, !" *"%% aac" "coo'#c $"a*##"% #

""*o#/ co&$#"% a co&$#"% #! "coo'#"% # $a%##o. T!#% *a"$ ca"/o$, "%#"%

!" co'*#ca" $o*"'% a%%oc#a" #! c!a/#/ 'o"*% of !" "coo' a of

$o&c#o, '&% "a* a#* #! !" #ff#c&* a@&%'" $"L&#$" !" c&$$" !"o'"o

of /*oa*#Ca#o. T!" %#&a#o #% a$#c&*a$* $a'a#c fo$ !" o$* of o$, aff"c" a%

a $a#ca* c&*&$a* a %$&c&$a* c!a/"% # co"% !a a$" of" #!o& *"/#%*a#"%&o$ a *ac $o/$a''"% of $of"%%#oa* $a##/ a %oc#a* a%%#%ac".

,+5. The decentrali6ation of production which assigns to smaller companies several tasks

previousl$ undertaken b$ larger production interests gives vitalit$ and new energ$ to the

area of small and medium7si6ed businesses. !#% a, a*o/%#" $a##oa* a$#%a% !"$"

"'"$/" " &%#"%%"% c!a$ac"$#C" %'a** $o&c#o #"$"%% a o$ # 'o"$

$o&c#o %"co$% o$ # "c"$a*#C" ac###"% of *a$/"$ co'a#"%. Ma ac###"% !a

"%"$a $"L&#$" !" !#$#/ of "'*o""% a$" oa ca$$#" o& # " a% !a "co&$a/"

#""" *ao&$ a a$" !"$"fo$" 'a$" !#/!"$ $#% a /$"a"$ $"%o%##*#.

"ork in small and medium7si6ed businesses the work of artisans and independent work can

represent an occasion to make the actual work e!perience more human, o! # "$'% of !"

o%%##*# of "%a*#%!#/ o%##" "$%oa* $"*a#o%!#% # %'a**"$-%#C" co''&##"% a

# "$'% of !" oo$&##"% fo$ /$"a"$ ###a#" a #&%$#o&%"%%. !"%" %"co$%,

!o""$, !"$" a$" 'o$" !a @&% a f" ca%"% of &@&% $"a'", of oo$* a# a, ao"

a**, &c"$a# o$.

,+. ""*o#/ co&$#"%, 'o$"o"$, !"$" !a% "" a "a%#o # $"c" "a$% of

#fo$'a* a !#" "coo'#c ac###"%. T!#% $"$"%"% a $o'#%#/ %#/ of "coo'#c

/$o! a ""*o'", & # $a#%"% 'a "!#ca* a *"/a* $o*"'%. fac, !"

%#/#f#ca #c$"a%" # @o oo$&##"% # !" co" of %&c! ac###"% #% o" o !" *ac

of %"c#a*#Ca#o # a *a$/" %"/'" of !" *oca* o$ fo$c" a o #%o$"$* /$o! #

fo$'a* "coo'#c %"co$%. ?a$/" &'"$% of "o*" a$" !&% fo$c" o o$ &"$ %"$#o&%*

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


#%$"%%#/ co##o% a # %#&a#o% !a *ac !" $&*"% "c"%%a$ fo$ %af"/&a$#/

o$"$% #/#. ?""*% of $o&c##, #co'" a *##/ %aa$% a$" "$"'"* *o a

of" #a"L&a" fo$ /&a$a""#/ o o$"$% a !"#$ fa'#*#"% !" '##'&' *""* of

%&%#%"c".

. Social doctrine and the =ne' thin;$>

,+!. Given these impressive .new things/ in the world of work the Church's social doctrine

recommends first of all to avoid the error of insisting that the current changes take place in a

deterministic manner . T!" "c#%#" faco$ a $"f"$"" of !#% co'*" !a%" of c!a/"

#%once more the human person, !o '&% $"'a# !" $&" $oa/o#% of !#% o$. H" ca

a '&% a" o # a c$"a#" a $"%o%#*" fa%!#o !" $"%" #oa#o% a $"-

o$/a#Ca#o%, %o !a !" *"a o !" /$o! of !" "$%o, !" fa'#*, %oc#" a !" "#$"

!&'a fa'#*.D677E *#/!"'" fo$ a** ca " fo& # !" a"a* of !" sub5ectivedimension of work , !#c! acco$#/ o !" "ac!#/ of !" !&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#" '&% "

/#" &" $#o$#, "ca&%" !&'a o$ $oc""% #$"c* f$o' "$%o% c$"a" # !"

#'a/" of +o a ca**" o $o*o/ !" o$ of c$"a#o %&&#/ !" "a$!.D678E

,+". M"c!a#%#c a "coo'#%#c #"$$"a#o% of !" ac## of $o&c#o, !o""$

$"a*" a #f*&"#a* !" 'a ", !a" "" o&a" %c#"#f#c aa*%#% of !"

$o*"'% co"c" #! o$. Mo$" oa !a # !" a%, !"%" coc"#o% a$" %"" o "

co'*""* #a"L&a" fo$ #"$$"#/ !" fac%, !#c! ""$a "'o%$a" 'o$" a 'o$"

!" '"a#/ of o$ a% a f$"" a c$"a#" ac## of !" !&'a "$%o. oc$"" f##/%%!o&* a*%o $o#" !" #'"&% fo$ !" #''"#a" #%'#%%a* of !"o$"#ca* "$%"c#"% a

$"%$#c#", #%&ff#c#" o"$a#" c$#"$#a coc"$#/ !" $"%" a'#c%. T!"%" $o" o "

#$#%#ca** #caa*" of #"#f#/ !" $oa %"c$&' of coc$"" a &$/" !&'a ""%

!a /o "** "o '"$"* "coo'#c ca"/o$#"%. T!" !&$c! #% "** aa$" a !a% a*a%

a&/! !a '" a o'", &*#" ""$ o!"$ *##/ "#/, !a" c"$a# ""% !a a$" o

$"%$#c" '"$"* o !a#/,D67=E "ca&%" !"#$ a&$" a oca#o a$" #"$#ca* *#"

#! !" T$a%c"" O". T!" !&'a "$%o fac"% !" a"&$" of !" $a%fo$'a#o of

!#/% !$o&/! o$ # o$"$ o %a#%f $"L&#$"'"% a ""% !a a$" f#$% of a** 'a"$#a*,

& !" o"% %o # o"#"c" o a #'&*%" !a &%!"% !#' ""$ f&$!"$ "o !" $"%&*%

oa#", o !" L&"% of !a #** co$$"%o 'o% ##'a"* o !#% #a* #"$ ""%.

,+). The historical forms in which human work is e!pressed change but not its permanent

re2uirements which are summed up in the respect of the inalienable human rights of

workers. <ac" #! !" $#% of "#/ !"%" $#/!%, new forms of solidarit$ '&% "

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


"#%#o" a $o&/! ao&, a#/ #o acco& !" #"$"""c" !a &#"% o$"$%

a'o/ !"'%"*"%. T!" 'o$" %&%a#a* !" c!a/"% a$", !" 'o$" "c#%#" !" co''#'"

of #"**"c a #** o "f" !" #/# of o$ ""% o ", # o$"$ o %$"/!", a

#ff"$" *""*%, !" #%#&#o% #o*". T!#% "$%"c#" 'a"% # o%%#*" o o$#" !"

c&$$" $a%fo$'a#o% fo$ !" "%, # !" #$"c#o > %o "c"%%a$ > of co'*"'"a$##"% """ !" *oca* a !" /*oa* "coo'#c #'"%#o%, !" o* a !" " "coo',

"c!o*o/#ca* #oa#o a !" "" o %af"/&a$ !&'a o$, a% "** a% "coo'#c /$o!

a ""*o'" co'a#*" #! !" "#$o'".

,2*. *en and women of science and culture are called to make their particular contribution

to solving the vast and comple! problems connected with work which in some areas take on

dramatic proportions& This contribution is ver$ important for coming up with the proper

solutions. T!#% #% a $"%o%##*# !a $"L&#$"% !a !" #"#f !" occa%#o% a $#%%

$"%" # !" c!a/"% a#/ *ac", a ao" a** !a !" %&//"% *#"% of ac#o fo$/&##/ c!a/" # a a !a #** " 'o% ""f#c#a* o !" ""*o'" of !" "#$" !&'a

fa'#*. To !"%" '" a o'" fa**% !" #'o$a a% of $"a#/ a #"$$"#/ !"

%oc#a* !"o'"a #! #%o' a #! *o" of $&!, *"a#/ "!# coc"$% #'o%"

%"c#a* o$ "$%oa* #"$"%%. T!"#$ co$#&#o, $"c#%"* "ca&%" # #% of a !"o$"#ca*

a&$", "co'"% a "%%"#a* o# of $"f"$"c" fo$ !" coc$"" ac#o $"%c$#"

"coo'#c o*#c#"%.D680E

,2+. T!" $"%" %c"a$#o% of $ofo& $a%fo$'a#o of !&'a o$ ca** "" 'o$"

&$/"* fo$ a a&!"#ca** /*oa* ""*o'" # %o*#a$# !a #% caa*" of #o*#/

""$ $"/#o of !" o$* #c*&#/ !o%" *"%% aaa/". R"/a$#/ !"%" *"%% aaa/"

$"/#o%, !" %a$ of a $oc"%% of #"-$a/#/ ""*o'" # %o*#a$# o o* $"$"%"%

a coc$"" o%%##*# fo$ c$"a#/ " @o oo$&##"%, & #% a*%o %"" a% a /"&#"

co##o fo$ !" %&$#a* of "#$" "o*"%. Bo*#a$# oo '&% "co'" /*oa*#C".D681E

Economic and social imbalances in the world of work must be addressed b$ restoring a 5ust

hierarch$ of values and placing the human dignit$ of workers before all else . T!" "

$"a*##"% !a a$" !a#/ %&c! a o"$f&* #'ac o !" $o&c#" $oc"%%, %&c! a% !"

/*oa*#Ca#o of f#ac", "coo'#c%, $a" a *ao&$, '&% ""$ #o*a" !" #/# a

c"$a*# of !" !&'a "$%o, o$ !" f$""o' a "'oc$ac of "o*"%. f %o*#a$#,

a$#c#a#o a !" o%%##*# o /o"$ !"%" $a#ca* c!a/"% a$" o !" %o*&#o, !" a$"

c"$a#* !" "c"%%a$ "!#ca* /&a$a"" %o !a ###&a*% a "o*"% o o "co'" oo*%

& !" $oa/o#%% of !"#$ f&&$". A** !#% ca " ac!#"" a, %#c" # #% o%%#*", #

"co'"% a &.D682E

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,22. There is an ever greater need for a careful consideration of the new situation of work in

the present7da$ conte!t of globali6ation in a perspective that values people's natural

tendenc$ to establish relationships. !#% $"/a$ # '&% " aff#$'" !a &#"$%a*# #% a

#'"%#o of !&'a "#/%, o of !#/%. T"c!o*o/ 'a " !" #%$&'"a* ca&%" of

/*oa*#Ca#o, & !" &#"$%a*# of !" !&'a fa'#* #% #% &*#'a" ca&%". <o$ !#% $"a%o,o$ oo !a% a &#"$%a* #'"%#o, #%ofa$ a% # #% a%" o !" $"*a#oa* a&$" of !&'a

"#/%. T"c!o*o/, "%"c#a** "*"c$o#c%, !a% a**o" !" $"*a#oa* a%"c of o$ o

%$"a !$o&/!o& !" o$*, /##/ o /*oa*#Ca#o a a$#c&*a$* $a# $!!'. T!"

&*#'a" fo&a#o of !#% a'#%' #% !" o$#/ "$%o, !o #% a*a% !" %&@"c#" >

a ""$ !" o@"c#" > "*"'". T!"$"fo$", /*oa*#C" o$ oo o$#/#a"% # !"

a!$oo*o/#ca* fo&a#o of !" #!"$" $"*a#oa* #'"%#o of o$. T!" "/a#"

a%"c% of !" /*oa*#Ca#o of o$ '&% o a'a/" !" o%%##*# o"#/ & fo$ a**

"o*": that of giving e!pression to a humanism of work on a planetar$ scale o %o*#a$# #

!" o$* of o$ o !#% %a'" *""*, %o !a o$#/ # %#'#*a$ co"%, %$"a !$o&/!o&

!" o$* a #"$co"c", "o*" #** &"$%a ""$ ""$ !"#$ o", %!a$" oca#o.

CHAPTER SE/E4

ONOM ?<

I. BIBLICAL ASPECTS

a. <an% :overty and riche$

,2,. In the Old Testament a twofold attitude towards economic goods and riches is

found . On one hand an attitude of appreciation sees the availabilit$ of material goods as

necessar$ for life. A&ac" > o "a*! o$ *&&$ > #% %o'"#'"% %"" a% a *"%%#/

f$o' +o. W#%o' ?#"$a&$", o"$ #% "%c$#" a% a "/a#" co%"L&"c" of #*""%%

a of a *ac of #&%$#o&%"%% (cf. Prov 10:4), & a*%o a% a a&$a* fac (cf. Prov 22:2). On

the other hand economic goods and riches are not in themselves condemned so much as

their misuse. T!" $o!"#c $a##o co"'% f$a&, &%&$, "*o#a#o a /$o%% #@&%#c",

"%"c#a** !" #$"c" a/a#% !" oo$ (cf. Is 58:3-11; Jer 7:4-7; )os 4:1-2; 8m 2:6-7; *ic 2:1-2). T!#% $a##o, !o""$, a*!o&/! *oo#/ &o !" o"$ of !" o$"%%",

!" "a a !" ##/" a% a "#*, a*%o %""% # !" co##o of o"$ a %'o* of !"

!&'a %#&a#o "fo$" +o, f$o' !o' co'"% ""$ /oo a% a /#f o " a'##%"$" a

%!a$".

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,2-. Those who recogni6e their own povert$ before God regardless of their situation in life

receive particular attention from him: !" !" oo$ 'a %""%, !" ?o$ a%"$%; !" !"

c$#"% o&, !" ?o$ *#%"%. T!" ##" $o'#%"% a$" a$"%%" o !" oo$: !" #** " !"#$%

o !" o"a """ +o a !#% "o*". +o% %a#/ #"$"#o #** co'" ao&

!$o&/! a " Ga# (cf. E6ek 34:22-31), !o *#" K#/ Ga# > o* 'o$" %o > #** ""f""$ of !" oo$ a $o'o"$ of @&%#c"; !" #** "%a*#%! a " co"a a #** $#"

a " *a # !" !"a$% of "*#""$% (cf. Jer 31:31-34).

"hen sought or accepted with a religious attitude povert$ opens one to recogni6ing and

accepting the order of creation. !#% "$%"c#", !" $#c! 'a #% !" o" !o *ac"% !#%

$&% # !#% o%%"%%#o% $a!"$ !a # +o, !" #% !" 'a !o 'a"% !#'%"*f %$o/ !"

o$% of !#% o !a% a $&%% o* # !#% o %$"/!. o"$ a"% o !" %a&% of a

'o$a* a*&" !" # "co'"% a a#&" of !&'*" aa#*a#*# a o""%% o +o, of $&%

# !#'. T!#% a#&" 'a"% # o%%#*" fo$ "o*" o $"co/#C" !" $"*a## of "coo'#c/oo% a o $"a !"' a% ##" /#f% o " a'##%"$" a %!a$", "ca&%" +o #% !" f#$%

o"$ of a** /oo%.

,25. Jesus takes up the entire Old Testament tradition even with regard to economic goods

wealth and povert$ and he gives them great clarit$ and fullness (cf. *t 6:24, 13:22; +k 6:20-

24, 12:15-21; -om 14:6-8; , Tim 4:4). T!$o&/! !" /#f of !#% B#$# a !" co"$%#o of

!"a$%, !" co'"% o "%a*#%! !" K#/o' of +o, %o !a a " 'a"$ of %oc#a* *#f" #%

'a" o%%#*", # @&%#c", $o!"$!oo, %o*#a$# a %!a$#/. T!" K#/o' #a&/&$a"

!$#% "$f"c% !" o$#/#a* /oo"%% of !" c$"a" o$"$ a of !&'a ac##, !#c! "$"

co'$o'#%" %#. <$"" f$o' "#* a "#/ *ac" oc" 'o$" # co''&#o #! +o,

'a #% a*" o co#&" !" o$ of F"%&%, #! !" !"* of !#% B#$#. !#%, 'a #% ca**" o

$""$ @&%#c" o !" oo$, $"*"a%#/ !" o$"%%", co%o*#/ !" aff*#c", ac#"* %""#/ a

" %oc#a* o$"$ # !#c! a"L&a" %o*&#o% o 'a"$#a* o"$ a$" off"$" a # !#c! !"

fo$c"% !a$#/ !" a"'% of !" "a"% o f$"" !"'%"*"% f$o' co##o% of '#%"$

a %*a"$ a$" 'o$" "ff"c#"* co$o**". W!" !#% !a"%, !" K#/o' of +o #%

a*$"a $"%" o !#% "a$!, a*!o&/! # #% o of !" "a$!. #% # !#% K#/o' !a !"

$o'#%"% of !" $o!"% f# f#a* f&*f#*'".

,2. In the light of -evelation economic activit$ is to be considered and undertaken as a

grateful response to the vocation which God holds out for each person. Ma #% *ac" # !"

/a$" o #** a "" #, 'a#/ &%" of # #!# "** %"c#f#" *#'#% (cf. Gen 2:16-17) #!

a co''#'" o "$f"c#/ # (cf. Gen 1:26-30, 2:15-16; "is =:2-3). "a$#/ #"%% o !"

/$a"&$ a /oo"%% of !" $"ao$, !" a*% oa$% !" f&**"%% of f$""o' o !#c!

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


+o ca**% !#'. +oo a'##%$a#o of !" /#f% $"c"#", a of 'a"$#a* /oo% a*%o, #% a

o$ of @&%#c" oa$% o"%"*f a oa$% o!"$%. W!a !a% "" $"c"#" %!o&* " &%"

$o"$*, $"%"$" a #c$"a%", a% %&//"%" !" a$a*" of !" a*"% (cf. *t 25:14-

30; +k 1=:12-27).

Economic activit$ and material progress must be placed at the service of man and societ$. f

"o*" "#ca" !"'%"*"% o !"%" #! !" fa#!, !o" a *o" of !$#%% #%c#*"%, ""

!" "coo' a $o/$"%% ca " $a%fo$'" #o *ac"% of %a*a#o a %ac#f#ca#o.

!"%" a$"a% oo # #% o%%#*" o "$"%% a *o" a a %o*#a$# !a a$" 'o$" !a !&'a, a

o co$#&" o !" /$o! of a " !&'a# !a a#c#a"% !" o$* o co'".D683E F"%&%

%&'% & a** of $""*a#o # ca**#/ !" "*#""$ o become rich before God (cf. +k 12:21).

T!" "coo' oo #% &%"f&* o !#% ", !" #% f&c#o a% a #%$&'" fo$ !" o"$a**

/$o! of 'a a %oc#", of !" !&'a L&a*# of *#f", #% o "$a".

,2!. 1aith in Jesus Christ makes it possible to have a correct understanding of social

development in the conte!t of an integral and solidar$ humanism. !#% $"/a$, !"

co$#&#o of !"o*o/#ca* $"f*"c#o off"$" !" !&$c!% %oc#a* Ma/#%"$#&' #% "$

&%"f&*: 1aith in Christ the -edeemer , !#*" # #**&'#a"% f$o' #!# !" a&$" of

""*o'", a*%o /&#"% &% # !" a% of co**ao$a#o. !" ?""$ of B. a&* o !"

o*o%%#a%, " $"a !a !$#% #% I!" f#$%o$ of a** c$"a#o, a !a Ia** !#/% "$"

c$"a" !$o&/! !#' a fo$ !#' (Col 1:15-16). fac, Ia** !#/% !o* o/"!"$ # !#',

%#c" I# !#' a** !" f&**"%% of +o a% *"a%" o "**, a !$o&/! !#' o $"coc#*" o

!#'%"*f a** !#/% (. 20). A a$ of !#% ##" *a, !#c! "/#% f$o' ""$# # !$#%, !"

"$f"c I#'a/" of !" <a!"$, a !#c! c&*'#a"% # !#', I!" f#$%o$ f$o' !" "a (.

15-18), in our own histor$, 'a$" o&$ "$%oa* a co**"c#" "ffo$ o $a#%" & !"

!&'a co##o a o o"$co'" !" o%ac*"% !#c! a$" co#&a** a$#%#/ a*o/ o&$ a.

!&% $"a$"% &% o %!a$" # !" f&**"%% !#c! I"**% # !" ?o$ a !#c! !"

co''&#ca"% Io !#% o, !#c! #% !" !&$c! (. 18; cf. Eph 1:22-23). A !" %a'" #'"

%#, !#c! #% a*a% a"'#/ o $a &% a !#c! @"oa$#C"% o&$ !&'a ac!#""'"%, #%

coL&"$" a $"""'" !" I$"coc#*#a#o acco'*#%!" !$#% (cf. Col 1:20).D684E

. 6ealth e@i$t$ to 8e $hared

,2". +oo%, "" !" *"/##'a"* o", a*a% !a" a &#"$%a* "%#a#o; a " of

#'$o"$ acc&'&*a#o #% #''o$a*, "ca&%" # o"* co$a#c% !" &#"$%a* "%#a#o

a%%#/" o a** /oo% !" $"ao$. !$#%#a %a*a#o #% a #"/$a* *#"$a#o of 'a,

!#c! '"a% "#/ f$"" o o* f$o' "" & a*%o # $"%"c o o%%"%%#o%. <o$ !" *o"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


of 'o" #% !" $oo of a** "#*%; # #% !$o&/! !#% c$a#/ !a %o'" !a" a"$" aa

f$o' !" fa#! (1 T#' 6:10). T!" <a!"$% of !" !&$c! #%#% 'o$" o !" "" fo$ !"

co"$%#o a $a%fo$'a#o of !" co%c#"c"% of "*#""$% !a o !" "" o c!a/" !"

%oc#a* a o*##ca* %$&c&$"% of !"#$ a. T!" ca** o !o%" !o o$ # !" "coo'#c

%!"$" a !o o%%"%% /oo% o co%#"$ !"'%"*"% a'##%$ao$% of !" /oo% !a +o!a% "$&%" o !"'.

,2). -iches fulfil their function of service to man when the$ are destined to produce benefits

for others and for societ$.D685E Ho co&* " ""$ o /oo o o&$ "#/!o&$, a%% B.

*"'" of A*"a$#a, #f o" of &% o%%"%%" a!#/.D686E !" "$%"c#" of B.

Fo! !$%o%o', $#c!"% "*o/ o %o'" "o*" %o !a !" ca /a# '"$# %!a$#/ !"'

#! o!"$%.D687E W"a*! #% a /oo !a co'"% f$o' +o a #% o " &%" #% o"$ a

'a" o c#$c&*a" %o !a "" !" "" 'a "@o #. #* #% %"" # !" #''o"$a"

aac!'" o $#c!"% a !" "%#$" o !oa$. B. a%#* !" +$"a ##"% !" "a*! o o"!" oo$% of !"#$ %o$"!o&%"% a !" "!o$% !"': A /$"a o$$" $&%!"%, # !o&%a% of

c!a"*%, !$o&/! !" f"$#*" *a: !&%, a !o&%a #ff"$" a!%, 'a" o&$ $#c!"% $"ac!

!" !o'"% of !" oo$.D688E W"a*!, "*a#% Ba# a%#*, #% *#" a"$ !a #%%&"% fo$! f$o'

!" fo&a#: !" /$"a"$ !" f$"L&"c #! !#c! # #% $a, !" &$"$ # #%, !#*" #

"co'"% fo&* #f !" fo&a# $"'a#% &&%".D68=E T!" $#c! 'a > Ba# +$"/o$ !" +$"a

#** *a"$ %a > #% o* a a'##%$ao$ of !a !" o%%"%%"%; /##/ !a #% $"L&#$" o !"

"" #% a a% !a #% o " "$fo$'" #! !&'#*# "ca&%" !" /oo% o o "*o/ o !"

o" !o #%$#&"% !"'. H" !o $"a#% $#c!"% o* fo$ !#'%"*f #% o #oc"; /##/ o

!o%" # "" '"a% a#/ a ".D6=0E

II. <RALIT A4 THE EC4<

,,*. The Church's social doctrine insists on the moral connotations of the econom$. o"

#&% , # a a%%a/" f$o' !" cc*#ca* ;uadragesimo 8nno, %"a% of !" $"*a#o%!#

""" !" "coo' a 'o$a*#. " !o&/! "coo'#c% a 'o$a* %c#"c" "'*o%

"ac! #% o $#c#*"% # #% o %!"$", # #%, ""$!"*"%%, a "$$o$ o %a !a !" "coo'#c

a 'o$a* o$"$% a$" %o #%#c f$o' a a*#" o "ac! o!"$ !a !" fo$'"$ ""% # o

a o !" *a"$. "$a#* !" *a% of "coo'#c%, a% !" a$" "$'", "#/ a%" o !"

"$ a&$" of 'a"$#a* !#/% a o !" caac##"% of !" !&'a o a '#, ""$'#"

!" *#'#% of !a $o&c#" !&'a "ffo$ cao, a of !a # ca aa# # !" "coo'#c

f#"* a !a '"a%. 9" # #% $"a%o #%"*f !a c*"a$* %!o%, o !" a%#% of !"

###&a* a %oc#a* a&$" of !#/% a of '", !" &$o%" !#c! +o o$a#" fo$ a**

"coo'#c *#f". & # #% o* !" 'o$a* *a !#c!, @&% a% # co''a% &% o %"" o&$

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno_en.html

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19310515_quadragesimo-anno_en.html

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%&$"'" a *a% " # !" !o*" %c!"'" of o&$ ac##, %o *#"#%" co''a% &% o %""

#$"c* # "ac! # of ac## !o%" &$o%"% !#c! " o !a a&$", o$ $a!"$ +o !"

A&!o$ of a&$", "%a*#%!" fo$ !a # of ac#o, a # o$"$* $"*a#o%!# o

%&o$#a" %&c! #''"#a" &$o%"% o o&$ %&$"'" a *a% ".D6=1E

,,+. The relation between moralit$ and economics is necessar$ indeed intrinsic4 economic

activit$ and moral behaviour are intimatel$ 5oined one to the other& The necessar$

distinction between moralit$ and the econom$ does not entail the separation of these two

spheres but on the contrar$ an important reciprocit$. F&% a% # !" a$"a of 'o$a*# o"

'&% a" !" $"a%o% a $"L&#$"'"% of !" "coo' #o acco&, %o oo # !" a$"a of !"

"coo' o" '&% " o" o !" "'a% of 'o$a*#: !" "coo'#c a %oc#a* $"a*'%,

oo, !" #/# a co'*"" oca#o of !" !&'a "$%o a !" "*fa$" of %oc#" a% a

!o*" a$" o " $"%"c" a $o'o". <o$ 'a #% !" %o&$c", !" c"$", a !" &$o%"

of a** "coo'#c a %oc#a* *#f".D6=2E +##/ !" $o"$ a &" "#/! o !" #"$"%% !a "*o/ %"c#f#ca** o !" "coo' o"% o '"a $"@"c#/ a% #$$a#oa* a** co%#"$a#o% of

a '"a-"coo'#c o$"$. T!#% #% %o "ca&%" !" &$o%" of !" "coo' #% o fo& # !"

"coo' #%"*f, & $a!"$ # #% "#/ "%#" o !&'a# a %oc#".D6=3E T!" "coo',

# fac, !"!"$ o a %c#"#f#c o$ $ac#ca* *""*, !a% o "" "$&%" #! !" &$o%" of

f&*f#**#/ 'a o$ of $#/#/ ao& $o"$ !&'a co"#%"c". % a%, $a!"$, #% a$#a*: !"

$o&c#o, #%$#&#o a co%&'#o of 'a"$#a* /oo% a %"$#c"%.

,,2. T!" 'o$a* #'"%#o of !" "coo' %!o% !a "coo'#c "ff#c#"c a !"

$o'o#o of !&'a ""*o'" # %o*#a$# a$" o o %"a$a" o$ a*"$a#" a#'% &

o" ###%#*" /oa*. Mo$a*#, !#c! #% a "c"%%a$ a$ of "coo'#c *#f", #% "#!"$ oo%"

o # o$ "&$a*: #f # #% #%#$" @&%#c" a %o*#a$#, # $"$"%"% a faco$ of %oc#a*

"ff#c#"c #!# !" "coo' #%"*f. T!" $o&c#o of /oo% #% a & o " &"$a" #

a "ff#c#" 'a"$, o!"$#%" $"%o&$c"% a$" a%". O !" o!"$ !a, # o&* o "

acc"a*" o ac!#"" "coo'#c /$o! a !" ""%" of !&'a "#/%, "#$" o&*a#o%

o$ %oc#a* /$o&%, co"'#/ !"' o ##/"c". T!" /$o! of "a*!, %"" # !"

aa#*a#*# of /oo% a %"$#c"%, a !" 'o$a* "'a% of a "L&#a*" #%$#&#o of

!"%" '&% #%#$" 'a a %oc#" a% a !o*" o $ac#%" !" "%%"#a* #$&" of %o*#a$#,D6=4E # o$"$ o co'a, # a %#$# of @&%#c" a c!a$#, !o%" %$&c&$"% of %# D6=5E

!"$" ""$ !" 'a " fo& a !#c! /""$a" a "$"&a" o"$,

&"$""*o'" a "/$aa#o. T!"%" %$&c&$"% a$" &#* a %$"/!"" &'"$o&%

coc$"" ac% of !&'a %"*f#%!"%%.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,,,. If economic activit$ is to have a moral character it must be directed to all men and to

all peoples. "$o" !a% !" $#/! o a$#c#a" # "coo'#c *#f" a !" & o co$#&",

"ac! acco$#/ o !#% o caac#, o !" $o/$"%% of !#% o co&$ a o !a of !"

"#$" !&'a fa'#*.D6=6E f, o %o'" "/$"", ""$o" #% $"%o%#*" fo$ ""$o" "*%", !"

"ac! "$%o a*%o !a% !" & o co''# !#'%"*f o !" "coo'#c ""*o'" of a**.D6=7ET!#% #% a & # %o*#a$# a # @&%#c", & # #% a*%o !" "% a o $#/ "coo'#c

$o/$"%% o a** of !&'a#. W!" $ac#%" 'o$a**, "coo'#c ac## #% !"$"fo$" %"$#c"

'&&a** $""$" !" $o&c#o of /oo% a %"$#c"% !a a$" &%"f&* fo$ !" /$o! of

"ac! "$%o, a # "co'"% a oo$&# fo$ ""$ ###&a* o "'o %o*#a$# a

*#" !" oca#o of co''&#o #! o!"$% fo$ !#c! +o c$"a" !#'.D6=8E T!" "ffo$ o

c$"a" a ca$$ o& %oc#a* a "coo'#c $o@"c% !a a$" caa*" of "co&$a/#/ a 'o$"

"L&#a*" %oc#" a a 'o$" !&'a o$* $"$"%"% a #ff#c&* c!a**"/", & a*%o a

%#'&*a#/ & fo$ a** !o o$ # !" "coo'#c %"co$ a a$" #o*" #! !" "coo'#c

%c#"c"%.D6==E

,,-. The econom$ has as its ob5ect the development of wealth and its progressive increase

not onl$ in 2uantit$ but also in 2ualit$# this is morall$ correct if it is directed to man's

overall development in solidarit$ and to that of the societ$ in which people live and work .

G""*o'", # fac, cao " $"&c" o a '"$" $oc"%% of acc&'&*a#/ /oo% a

%"$#c"%. O !" co$a$, acc&'&*a#o #%"*f, "" "$" # fo$ !" co''o /oo, #% o a

%&ff#c#" co##o fo$ $#/#/ ao& a&!"#c !&'a !a#"%%. !#% %"%", !" !&$c!%

%oc#a* Ma/#%"$#&' a$% a/a#% !" $"ac!"$ !#" #!# a ""*o'" !a #% o*

L&a#a#", fo$ !" e!cessive aa#*a#*# of ""$ # of 'a"$#a* /oo% fo$ !" ""f# of

c"$a# %oc#a* /$o&%, "a%#* 'a"% "o*" %*a"% of Io%%"%%#o a of #''"#a"

/$a#f#ca#o ... T!#% #% !" %o-ca**" c##*#Ca#o of Ico%&'#o o$ Ico%&'"$#%' .D700E

,,5. !" "$%"c#" of a #"/$a* a %o*#a$ ""*o'", # #% o%%#*" o a$$#" a a

$o"$ a$"c#a#o of !" 'o$a* "a*&a#o !a !" !&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#" off"$% # $"/a$

o !" 'a$" "coo' o$, 'o$" %#'*, of !" f$"" "coo': f Ica#a*#%' #% '"a a

"coo'#c %%"' !#c! $"co/#C"% !" f&a'"a* a o%##" $o*" of &%#"%%, !"

'a$", $#a" $o"$ a !" $"%&*#/ $"%o%##*# fo$ !" '"a% of $o&c#o, a% "**a% f$"" !&'a c$"a## # !" "coo'#c %"co$, !" !" a%"$ #% c"$a#* # !"

aff#$'a#", "" !o&/! # o&* "$!a% " 'o$" a$o$#a" o %"a of a I&%#"%%

"coo', I'a$" "coo' o$ %#'* If$"" "coo'. & #f Ica#a*#%' #% '"a a

%%"' # !#c! f$""o' # !" "coo'#c %"co$ #% o c#$c&'%c$#" #!# a %$o/

@&$##ca* f$a'"o$ !#c! *ac"% # a !" %"$#c" of !&'a f$""o' # #% oa*#, a !#c!

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%""% # a% a a$#c&*a$ a%"c of !a f$""o', !" co$" of !#c! #% "!#ca* a $"*#/#o&%, !"

!" $"* #% c"$a#* "/a#".D701E !#% a a !$#%#a "$%"c#" #% "f#" $"/a$#/

%oc#a* a o*##ca* co##o% of "coo'#c ac##, o o* #% $&*"% & a*%o #% 'o$a*

L&a*# a #% '"a#/.

III. PRI/ATE I4ITIATI/E A4 B0SI4ESS I4ITIATI/E

,,. The Church's social doctrine considers the freedom of the person in economic matters a

fundamental value and an inalienable right to be promoted and defended . "$o" !a%

!"right to economic initiative; ""$o" %!o&* 'a" *"/##'a" &%" of !#% a*"% o

co$#&" o !" a&ac" !a #** ""f# a**, a o !a$"% !" @&% f$&#% of !#% *ao&$.

D702E T!#% "ac!#/ a$% a/a#% !" "/a#" co%"L&"c"% !a o&* a$#%" f$o'

"a"#/ o$ "#/ !" right of economic initiative: "$#"c" %!o% &% !a !" "#a*

of !#% $#/!, o$ #% *#'#a#o # !" a'" of a a**"/" I"L&a*# of ""$o" # %oc#",#'##%!"%, o$ # $ac#c" a%o*&"* "%$o% !" %#$# of ###a#", !a #% o %a !" creative

sub5ectivit$ of the citi6en.D703E <$o' !#% "$%"c#", f$"" a $"%o%#*" ###a#" # !"

"coo'#c %!"$" ca a*%o " "f#" a% a ac !a $""a*% !" !&'a# of '" a o'"

a% c$"a#" a $"*a#oa* %&@"c%. B&c! ###a#", !", %!o&* " /#" ample leewa$. T!"

Ba" !a% !" 'o$a* o*#/a#o o "fo$c" %$#c *#'#a#o% o* # ca%"% of #co'a##*#

""" !" &$%&# of co''o /oo a !" " of "coo'#c ac## $oo%" o$ !" a

# #% &"$a".D704E

,,!. T!" c$"a#" #'"%#o #% a "%%"#a* co'o" of !&'a ac##, "" # !" a$"a of &%#"%%, a # #% "%"c#a** 'a#f"%" # !" a$"a% of *a#/ a #oa#o. O$/a#C#/

%&c! a $o&c#" "ffo$, *a#/ #% &$a#o # #'", 'a#/ %&$" !a # co$$"%o% # a

o%##" a o !" "'a% !#c! # '&% %a#%f, a a#/ !" "c"%%a$ $#%% > a** !#%

oo #% a %o&$c" of "a*! # oa% %oc#". !#% a, !" role of disciplined and creative

human work and , a% a "%%"#a* a$ of !a o$, initiative and entrepreneurial

abilit$ "co'"% #c$"a%#/* "#" a "c#%#".D705E A !" a%#% of !#% "ac!#/ " ca

%"" !" "*#"f !a 'a% $#c#a* $"%o&$c" #% 'a !#'%"*f. H#% #"**#/"c" "a*"% !#' o

#%co"$ !" "a$!% $o&c#" o"#a* a !" 'a #ff"$" a% # !#c! !&'a ""%

ca " %a#%f#".D706E

a. Bu$ine$$ and it$ ;oal$

,,". %usinesses should be characteri6ed b$ their capacit$ to serve the common good of

societ$ through the production of useful goods and services. %""#/ o $o&c" /oo% a

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%"$#c"% acco$#/ o *a% a#'" a "ff#c#"c a a %a#%f#/ !" #"$"%% of !" #ff"$"

a$#"% #o*", &%#"%%"% c$"a" "a*! fo$ a** of %oc#", o @&% fo$ !" o"$% & a*%o

fo$ !" o!"$ %&@"c% #o*" # !"#$ ac##. "%#"% !#% #ca** "coo'#c

f&c#o,businesses also perform a social function creating opportunities for meeting

cooperating and the enhancement of the abilities of the people involved . a &%#"%%&"$a#/, !"$"fo$", !" "coo'#c #'"%#o #% !" co##o fo$ aa##/ o o*

"coo'#c /oa*%, & a*%o %oc#a* a 'o$a* /oa*%, !#c! a$" a** &$%&" o/"!"$.

8 business' ob5ective must be met in economic terms and according to economic criteria but

the authentic values that bring about the concrete development of the person and societ$

must not be neglected . !#% "$%oa*#%#c a co''&# #%#o, a &%#"%% cao "

co%#"$" o* a% a I%oc#" of ca#a* /oo%; # #% a*%o a I%oc#" of "$%o% # !#c!

"o*" a$#c#a" # #ff"$" a% a #! %"c#f#c $"%o%##*##"%, !"!"$ !" %&*

!" "c"%%a$ ca#a* fo$ !" co'a% ac###"% o$ a" a$ # %&c! ac###"% !$o&/! !"#$*ao&$.D707E

,,). 8ll those involved in a business venture must be mindful that the communit$ in which

the$ work represents a good for ever$one and not a structure that permits the satisfaction of

someone's merel$ personal interests. T!#% aa$""%% a*o" 'a"% # o%%#*" o &#* a

"coo' !a #% $&* a !" %"$#c" of 'a# a o c$"a" $o/$a''"% of $"a* coo"$a#o

a'o/ !" #ff"$" a$"$% # *ao&$.

A "$ #'o$a a %#/#f#ca "a'*" # !#% $"/a$ #% fo& # !" ac## of %o-ca**"coo"$a#" ""$$#%"%, %'a** a '"#&'-%#C" &%#"%%"%, co''"$c#a* &"$a#/%

f"a&$#/ !a-'a" $o&c% a fa'#*-%#C" a/$#c&*&$a* "&$"%. T!" !&$c!% %oc#a*

oc$#" !a% "'!a%#C" !" co$#&#o !a %&c! ac###"% 'a" o "!ac" !" a*&" of

o$, o !" /$o! of a %"%" of "$%oa* a %oc#a* $"%o%##*#, a "'oc$a#c *#f" a !"

!&'a a*&"% !a a$" #'o$a fo$ !" $o/$"%% of !" 'a$" a of %oc#".D708E

,-*. The social doctrine of the Church recogni6es the proper role of profit as the first

indicator that a business is functioning well : !" a f#$' 'a"% a $of#, !#% '"a% !a

$o&c#" faco$% !a" "" $o"$* "'*o".D70=E & !#% o"% o c*o& !"$

aa$""%% of !" fac !a a &%#"%% 'a %!o a $of# !#*" o $o"$* %"$#/ %oc#".

D710E <o$ "a'*", # #% o%%#*" fo$ !" f#ac#a* acco&% o " # o$"$, a " fo$ !"

"o*" > !o 'a" & !" f#$'% 'o% a*&a*" a%%" > o " !&'#*#a" a !"#$ #/#

off"".D711E T!#% #% !a !a"% !" &%#"%%"% a$" a$ of %oc#a* a c&*&$a* %%"'%

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


'a$" !" "*o#a#o of "o*", "#/ o ao# !" o*#/a#o% of %oc#a* @&%#c" a o

#o*a" !" $#/!% of o$"$%.

It is essential that within a business the legitimate pursuit of profit should be in harmon$

with the irrenounceable protection of the dignit$ of the people who work at different levels inthe same compan$. T!"%" o /oa*% a$" o # !" *"a% co$a$ o o" ao!"$, %#c", o !"

o" !a, # o&* o " $"a*#%#c o $ o /&a$a"" !" f#$'% f&&$" #!o& !" $o&c#o

of &%"f&* /oo% a %"$#c"% a #!o& 'a#/ a $of#, !#c! #% !" f$&# of !" "coo'#c

ac## &"$a". O !" o!"$ !a, a**o#/ o$"$% o ""*o !"'%"*"% fo%"$%

#c$"a%" $o&c## a "ff#c#"c # !" "$ o$ &"$a". A &%#"%% ""$$#%"

'&% " a co''&# of %o*#a$#,D712E !a #% o c*o%" #!# #% o co'a #"$"%%.

'&% 'o" # !" #$"c#o of a %oc#a* "co*o/ D713E of o$ a co$#&" o !"

co''o /oo a*%o $o"c#/ !" a&$a* "#$o'".

,-+. 8lthough the 2uest for e2uitable profit is acceptable in economic and financial activit$

recourse to usur$ is to be morall$ condemned : T!o%" !o%" &%&$#o&% a aa$#c#o&%

"a*#/% *"a o !" !&/"$ a "a! of !"#$ $"!$" # !" !&'a fa'#* ##$"c*

co''# !o'#c#", !#c! #% #'&a*" o !"'.D714E T!#% co"'a#o ""% a*%o o

#"$a#oa* "coo'#c $"*a#o%, "%"c#a** #! $"/a$ o !" %#&a#o # *"%% aac"

co&$#"%, !#c! '&% ""$ " 'a" o %&ff"$ a&%#" #f o &%&$#o&% f#ac#a* %%"'%.

D715E Mo$" $"c"*, !" Ma/#%"$#&' &%" %$o/ a c*"a$ o$% a/a#% !#% $ac#c",

!#c! #% %#** $a/#ca** #"%$"a, "%c$##/ &%&$ a% a %co&$/" !a #% a*%o a $"a*# # o&$

#'" a !a !a% a %$a/*"!o* o 'a "o*"% *#"%.D716E

,-2. %usinesses toda$ move in economic conte!ts that are becoming ever broader a #

!#c! a#oa* Ba"% %!o *#'#% # !"#$ caac# o /o"$ !" $a# $oc"%%"% of c!a/"

!a "ff"c #"$a#oa* "coo'#c a f#ac#a* $"*a#o%. T!#% %#&a#o *"a% &%#"%%"%

otake on new and greater responsibilities with respect to the past . N""$ !a% !"#$ $o*" ""

%o "c#%#" #! $"/a$ o !" a&!"#c #"/$a* ""*o'" of !&'a# # %o*#a$#.

L&a** "c#%#" # !#% %"%" #% !"#$ *""* of aa$""%% !a ""*o'" "#!"$ "co'"%

%!a$" # co''o ""$ a$ of !" o$* o$ # &"$/o"% a $oc"%% of $"/$"%%#o "" #

Co"% 'a$" co%a $o/$"%%. T!#% "**% &% a /$"a "a* ao& !" a&$"

of authentic""*o'": "#!"$ a** !" a#o% of !" o$* a$#c#a", o$ # #** o " $&"

""*o'".D717E

. Role of 8u$ine$$ o'ner$ and &ana;e&ent

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,-,. Economic initiative is an e!pression of human intelligence and of the necessit$ of

responding to human needs in a creative and cooperative fashion. $"a## a coo"$a#o

a$" %#/% of !" a&!"#c coc" of &%#"%% co'"##o: a cumpetere, !a #%, a %""#/

o/"!"$ of !" 'o% a$o$#a" %o*&#o% fo$ $"%o#/ # !" "% a o ""% a% !"

"'"$/". T!" %"%" of $"%o%##*# !a a$#%"% f$o' f$"" "coo'#c ###a#" a"% o o*!" fo$' of a individual virtue $"L&#$" fo$ ###&a* !&'a /$o!, & a*%o of a social

virtue !a #% "c"%%a$ fo$ !" ""*o'" of a co''&# # %o*#a$#. 'o$a #$&"%

a$" #o*" # !#% $oc"%%, %&c! a% #*#/"c", #&%$#o&%"%%, $&"c" # &"$a#/

$"a%oa*" $#%%, $"*#a#*# a f#"*# # #"$"$%oa* $"*a#o%!#%, a% "** a% co&$a/" #

ca$$#/ o& "c#%#o% !#c! a$" #ff#c&* a a#f&* & "c"%%a$, o! fo$ !" o"$a**

o$#/ of a &%#"%% a # '""#/ o%%#*" %"-ac%.D718E

,--. T!" $o*"% of &%#"%% o"$% a 'aa/"'" !a" a c"$a* #'o$ac" f$o' !"

#"o# of %oc#", "ca&%" !" a$" a !" !"a$ of !a "o$ of "c!#ca*, co''"$c#a*,f#ac#a* a c&*&$a* o% !a c!a$ac"$#C"% !" 'o"$ &%#"%% $"a*#. G&" o !"

#c$"a%#/ co'*"# of &%#"%% ac###"%, "c#%#o% 'a" co'a#"% $o&c" a &'"$

of "$ %#/#f#ca #"$$"*a" "ff"c%, o! # !" "coo'#c a %oc#a* %!"$"%. <o$ !#%

$"a%o !" ""$c#%" of $"%o%##*# &%#"%% o"$% a 'aa/"'" $"L&#$"% > #

a##o o %"c#f#c &a#/ !a #%

!" o@"c of co#&o&% "ffo$% > co%a $"f*"c#o o !" 'o$a* 'o#a#o% !a %!o&*

/&#" !" "$%oa* c!o#c"% of !o%" o !o' !"%" a%% fa**.

%usiness owners and management must not limit themselves to taking into account onl$ the

economic ob5ectives of the compan$ the criteria for economic efficienc$ and the proper care

of .capital/ as the sum of the means of production& It is also their precise dut$ to respect

concretel$ the human dignit$ of those who work within the compan$.D71=E T!"%" o$"$%

co%#&" !" f#$'% 'o% a*&a*" a%%" D720E a !" "c#%#" faco$ of $o&c#o.D721E

#'o$a "c#%#o% coc"$#/ %$a"/ a f#ac"%, # "c#%#o% o & o$ %"**, o $"%#C",

c*o%" o$ o '"$/" a %#", f#ac#a* a co''"$c#a* c$#"$#a '&% o " !" o*

co%#"$a#o% 'a".

,-5. The Church's social doctrine insists on the need for business owners and management

to strive to structure work in such a wa$ so as to promote the famil$ especiall$ mothers, #

!" f&*f#*'" of !"#$ &#"%; D722E to accede in light of an integral vision of man and

development to the demand for the 2ualit$ of !" /oo% o " $o&c" a co%&'", !"

L&a*# of !" %"$#c"% o " "@o", !" L&a*# of !" "#$o'" a of *#f" # /""$a*;

D723E o #"%, !" !" "c"%%a$ "coo'#c co##o% a co##o% of o*##ca* %a#*#

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a$" $"%", # !o%" *ac"% a %"co$% of $o&c#o !a off"$ ###&a*% a "o*"% a

oo$&# o 'a" /oo &%" of !"#$ o *ao&$.D724E

I/. EC4<IC I4STIT0TI4S

AT THE SER/ICE 1 <A4

,-. O" of !" !#/!"$ $#o$# #%%&"% # "coo'#c% #% !" &#*#Ca#o of $"%o&$c"%,D725E !a

#%, of a** !o%" /oo% a %"$#c"% o !#c! "coo'#c %&@"c% > $o&c"$% a co%&'"$%

# !" $#a" a &*#c %!"$"% > a$#&" a*&" "ca&%" of !"#$ #!"$" &%"f&*"%% # !"

a$"a% of $o&c#o a co%&'#o. R"%o&$c"% # a&$" a$" L&a#a#"* %ca$c", !#c!

'"a% !a "ac! ###&a* "coo'#c %&@"c, a% "** a% "ac! ###&a* %oc#", '&%

"c"%%a$#* co'" & #! a *a fo$ !"#$ &#*#Ca#o # !" 'o% $a#oa* a o%%#*",

fo**o#/ !" *o/#c #ca" !" $#c#*" of "coo'#C#/. o! !" "ff"c#" %o*&#o of

!" 'o$" /""$a*, a f&a'"a*, "coo'#c $o*"' of *#'#" '"a% #! $"%"c o###&a* a %oc#a* > $#a" a &*#c > "", a !" o"$a** %$&c&$a* a f&c#oa*

"ff#c#"c of !" "#$" "coo'#c %%"' "" o !#%. T!#% "ff#c#"c #$"c* #o*"% !"

$"%o%##*# a caac# of !" a$#o&% a/"% coc"$", %&c! a% !" 'a$", !" Ba" a

#"$'"#a" %oc#a* o#"%.

a. Role of the free &ar(et

,-!. The free market is an institution of social importance because of its capacit$ to

guarantee effective results in the production of goods and services. H#%o$#ca**, # !a% %!o#%"*f a*" o ###a" a %&%a# "coo'#c ""*o'" o"$ *o/ "$#o%. T!"$" a$" /oo

$"a%o% o !o* !a, # 'a c#$c&'%ac"%, the free market #% !" 'o% "ff#c#" #%$&'"

fo$ &#*#C#/ $"%o&$c"% a "ff"c#"* $"%o#/ o ""%.D726E T!" !&$c!% %oc#a*

oc$#" a$"c#a"% !" %"c&$" aaa/"% !a !" '"c!a#%'% of !" f$"" 'a$" off"$,

'a#/ # o%%#*" a% !" o o &#*#C" $"%o&$c"% ""$ a fac#*#a#/ !" "c!a/" of

$o&c%. T!"%" '"c!a#%'% ao" a** ... /#" c"$a* *ac" o !" "$%o% "%#$"% a

$"f"$"c"%, !#c!, # a co$ac, '"" !" "%#$"% a $"f"$"c"% of ao!"$ "$%o.D727E

8 trul$ competitive market is an effective instrument for attaining important ob5ectives of 5ustice: 'o"$a#/ !" "c"%%#" $of#% of ###&a* &%#"%%"%, $"%o#/ o co%&'"$%

"'a%, $#/#/ ao& a 'o$" "ff#c#" &%" a co%"$a#o of $"%o&$c"%, $"a$#/

"$"$""&$%!# a #oa#o, 'a#/ #fo$'a#o aa#*a*" %o !a # #% $"a** o%%#*" o

co'a$" a &$c!a%" $o&c% # a a'o%!"$" of !"a*! co'"##o.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,-". The free market cannot be 5udged apart from the ends that it seeks to accomplish and

from the values that it transmits on a societal level . "", !" 'a$" cao f# # #%"*f

!" $#c#*"% fo$ #% *"/##'#Ca#o; # "*o/% o !" co%c#"c"% of ###&a*% a o &*#c

$"%o%##*# o "%a*#%! a @&% $"*a#o%!# """ '"a% a "%.D728E T!" individual

profit of a "coo'#c ""$$#%", a*!o&/! *"/##'a", '&% ""$ "co'" !" %o*" o@"c#".To/"!"$ #! !#% o@"c#" !"$" #% ao!"$, "L&a** f&a'"a* & of a !#/!"$

o$"$: social usefulness, !#c! '&% " $o&/! ao& o # co$a% o & # ""#/ #!

!" *o/#c of !" 'a$". W!" !" f$"" 'a$" ca$$#"% o& !" #'o$a f&c#o% '"#o"

ao" # "co'"% a %"$#c" o !" co''o /oo a o #"/$a* !&'a ""*o'". T!"

#"$%#o of !" $"*a#o%!# """ '"a% a "%, !o""$, ca 'a" # "/""$a" #o

a #!&'a a a*#"a#/ #%#&#o, #! &co$o**a*" $""$c&%%#o%.

,-). The Church's social doctrine while recogni6ing the market as an irreplaceable

instrument for regulating the inner workings of the economic s$stem points out the need forit to be firml$ rooted in its ethical ob5ectives which ensure and at the same time suitabl$

circumscribe the space within which it can operate autonomousl$.D72=E T!" #"a !a !"

'a$" a*o" ca " "$&%" #! !" a% of %&*#/ ""$ ca"/o$ of /oo% cao "

%!a$", "ca&%" %&c! a #"a #% a%" o a $"&c#o#% #%#o of !" "$%o a %oc#".D730E

<ac" #! !" coc$"" $#% of a I#o*a$ of !" 'a$", !" !&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#"

&"$*#"% #% *#'#%, !#c! a$" "a%#* %"" # #% $o" #a#*# o %a#%f #'o$a !&'a

""%, !#c! $"L&#$" /oo% !a !"#$ a&$" a$" o a cao " '"$" co''o##"%,

D731E /oo% !a cao " o&/! a %o* acco$#/ o !" $&*" of !" "c!a/" of

"L&#a*"% a !" *o/#c of co$ac%, !#c! a$" #ca* of !" 'a$".

,5*. The market takes on a significant social function in contemporar$ societ$ therefore it is

important to identif$ its most positive potentials and to create the conditions that allow them

to be put concretel$ into effect . Ma$" o"$ao$% '&% " "ff"c#"* f$"" o co'a$",

"a*&a" a c!oo%" f$o' a'o/ a$#o&% o#o%. <$""o' # !" "coo'#c %"co$, !o""$,

'&% " $"/&*a" a$o$#a" *"/a* o$'% %o !a # #** " *ac" a !" %"$#c" of

#"/$a* !&'a f$""o'. coo'#c f$""o' #% o* o" "*"'" of !&'a f$""o'. W!"

# "co'"% a&oo'o&%, !" 'a #% %"" 'o$" a% a $o&c"$ o$ co%&'"$ of /oo% !a a%a %&@"c !o $o&c"% a co%&'"% # o$"$ o *#", !" "coo'#c f$""o' *o%"% #%

"c"%%a$ $"*a#o%!# o !" !&'a "$%o a "% & a*#"a#/ a o$"%%#/ !#'.

D732E

. Action of the State

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,5+. T!" ac#o of !" Ba" a of o!"$ &*#c a&!o$##"% '&% " co%#%" #! !"

$#c#*" of %&%##a$# a c$"a" %#&a#o% fao&$a*" o !" f$"" ""$c#%" of "coo'#c

ac##. '&% a*%o " #%#$" !" $#c#*" of %o*#a$# a "%a*#%! *#'#% fo$ !"

a&oo' of !" a$#"% # o$"$ o "f" !o%" !o a$" "a"$.D733E Bo*#a$# #!o&

%&%##a$#, # fac, ca "a%#* "/""$a" #o a W"*fa$" Ba", !#*" %&%##a$# #!o&%o*#a$# $&% !" $#% of "co&$a/#/ fo$'% of %"*f-c"$" *oca*#%'. o$"$ o $"%"c

o! of !"%" f&a'"a* $#c#*"%, !" Ba"% #"$"#o # !" "coo'#c "#$o'"

'&% " "#!"$ #a%#" o$ a%", & co''"%&$a" #! %oc#"% $"a* ""%. T!" Ba"

!a% a & o %&%a# &%#"%% ac###"% c$"a#/ co##o% !#c! #** "%&$" @o

oo$&##"%, %#'&*a#/ !o%" ac###"% !"$" !" a$" *ac#/ o$ %&o$#/ !"' #

'o'"% of c$#%#%. T!" Ba" !a% !" f&$!"$ $#/! o #"$"" !" a$#c&*a$ 'ooo*#"%

c$"a" "*a% o$ o%ac*"% o ""*o'". a##o o !" a%% of !a$'o#C#/ a

/&##/ ""*o'", # "c"#oa* c#$c&'%ac"% !" Ba" ca a*%o ""$c#%" a %&%#&"

f&c#o.D734E

,52. The fundamental task of the (tate in economic matters is that of determining an

appropriate 5uridical framework for regulating economic affairs, # o$"$ o %af"/&a$ !"

$"$"L&#%#"% of a f$"" "coo', !#c! $"%&'"% a c"$a# "L&a*# """ !" a$#"%, %&c!

!a o" a$ o&* o " %o o"$f&* a% $ac#ca** o $"&c" !" o!"$ o %&%"$#"c".

D735E coo'#c ac##, ao" a** # a f$"" 'a$" co", cao " co&c" # a

#%#&#oa*, @&$##ca* o$ o*##ca* ac&&'. O !" co$a$, # $"%&o%"% %&$" /&a$a""%

of ###&a* f$""o' a $#a" $o"$, a% "** a% a %a*" c&$$"c a "ff#c#" &*#c

%"$#c"%.D736E To f&*f#* !#% a%, !" Ba" '&% ao %&#a*" *"/#%*a#o & a !" %a'"

#'" # '&% #$"c "coo'#c a %oc#a* o*#c#"% # %&c! a a !a # o"% o "co'"

a&%#"* #o*" # !" a$#o&% 'a$" ac###"%, !" ca$$#/ o& of !#c! #% a '&%

$"'a# f$"" of a&!o$#a$#a > o$ o$%", oa*#a$#a > %&"$%$&c&$"% a co%$a#%.

,5,. It is necessar$ for the market and the (tate to act in concert one with the other and to

complement each other mutuall$. In fact the free market can have a beneficial influence on

the general public onl$ when the (tate is organi6ed in such a manner that it defines and

gives direction to economic development , $o'o#/ !" o%"$a#o of fa#$ a $a%a$"$&*"%,

a 'a#/ #$"c #"$"#o% > o* fo$ !" *"/! of #'" %$#c* "c"%%a$ D737E >

!" !" 'a$" #% o a*" o oa# !" "%#$" "ff#c#"c a !" # #% a L&"%#o of

&#/ !" $#c#*" of $"#%$#&#o #o "ff"c. T!"$" "#% c"$a# %"co$% # !#c! !"

'a$", 'a#/ &%" of !" '"c!a#%'% a #% #%o%a*, #% o a*" o /&a$a"" a "L&#a*"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


#%$#&#o of !" /oo% a %"$#c"% !a a$" "%%"#a* fo$ !" !&'a /$o! of c##C"%.

%&c! ca%"% !" co'*"'"a$##"% of Ba" a 'a$" a$" """ 'o$" !a ""$.

,5-. The (tate can encourage citi6ens and businesses to promote the common good b$

enacting an economic polic$ that fosters the participation of all citi6ens in the activities of production. R"%"c of !" $#c#*" of %&%##a$# '&% $o' &*#c a&!o$##"% o %""

co##o% !a "co&$a/" !" ""*o'" of ###&a* caac##"% of ###a#", a&oo'

a "$%oa* $"%o%##*# # c##C"%, ao##/ a #"$f"$"c" !#c! o&* &&*

co##o &%#"%% fo$c"%.

"ith a view to the common good it is necessar$ to pursue alwa$s and with untiring

determination the goal of a proper e2uilibrium between private freedom and public action

understood both as direct intervention in economic matters and as activit$ supportive of

economic development . a ca%", &*#c #"$"#o '&% " ca$$#" o& #! "L&#,$a#oa*# a "ff"c#""%%, a #!o& $"*ac#/ !" ac#o of ###&a*%, !#c! o&* "

co$a$ o !"#$ $#/! o !" f$"" ""$c#%" of "coo'#c ###a#". %&c! ca%"%, !" Ba"

"co'"% "$#'"a* o %oc#": a #$"c #"$"#o !a #% oo ""%#" "% & "$##/

c##C"% of $"%o%##*# a c$"a"% "c"%%#" /$o! # &*#c a/"c#"% /&#" 'o$"

&$"a&c$a#c *o/#c !a !" /oa* of %a#%f#/ !" ""% of !" "$%o.D738E

,55. Ta! revenues and public spending take on crucial economic importance for ever$ civil

and political communit$& The goal to be sought is public financing that is itself capable of

becoming an instrument of development and solidarit$. F&%, "ff#c#" a "ff"c#" &*#cf#ac#/ #** !a" "$ o%##" "ff"c% o !" "coo', "ca&%" # #** "co&$a/"

"'*o'" /$o! a %&%a# &%#"%% a o-$of# ac###"% a !"* o #c$"a%" !"

c$"##*# of !" Ba" a% !" /&a$ao$ of %%"'% of %oc#a* #%&$ac" a $o"c#o !a a$"

"%#/" ao" a** o $o"c !" "a"% '"'"$% of %oc#".

&*#c %"#/ #% #$"c" o !" co''o /oo !" c"$a# f&a'"a* $#c#*"% a$"

o%"$": !" a'" of a"% D73=E a% a$ of !" & of %o*#a$#; a $"a%oa*" a fa#$

a*#ca#o of a"%;D740E $"c#%#o a #"/$# # a'##%"$#/ a #%$#&#/ &*#c

$"%o&$c"%.D741E !" $"#%$#&#o of $"%o&$c"%, &*#c %"#/ '&% o%"$" !"

$#c#*"% of %o*#a$#, "L&a*# a 'a#/ &%" of a*"%. '&% a*%o a /$"a"$ a"#o

o fa'#*#"%, "%#/a#/ a a"L&a" a'o& of $"%o&$c"% fo$ !#% &$o%".D742E

c. Role of inter&ediate 8odie$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,5. The social7economic s$stem must be marked b$ the twofold presence of public and

private activit$ including private non7profit activit$& In this wa$ sundr$ decision7making and

activit$7planning centres come to take shape. T!" &%" of c"$a# ca"/o$#"% of /oo%,

co**"c#" /oo% a /oo% '"a fo$ co''o &#*#Ca#o, cao " """ o

'"c!a#%'% of !" 'a$",D743E o$ o"% !"#$ &%" fa** &"$ !" "c*&%#" co'""c" of!" Ba". T!" Ba"% a% $"*a#" o !"%" /oo% #% !a of 'a#/ &%" of a** %oc#a* a

"coo'#c ###a#"% $o'o" #"$'"#a" o#"% !a $o&c" &*#c "ff"c%. ##*

%oc#", o$/a#C" #o #% #"$'"#a" /$o&%, #% caa*" of co$#&#/ o !" aa#'" of

!" co''o /oo *ac#/ #%"*f # a $"*a#o%!# of co**ao$a#o a "ff"c#"

co'*"'"a$##"% #! $"%"c o !" Ba" a !" 'a$". !&% "co&$a/"% !"

""*o'" of a f##/ "coo'#c "'oc$ac. !#% co", Ba" #"$"#o %!o&* "

c!a$ac"$#C" a /"&#" %o*#a$#, !#c! a% %&c! '&% ""$ " %"a$a" f$o'

%&%##a$#.

,5!. Private non7profit organi6ations have their own specific role to pla$ in the economic

sphere& These organi6ations are marked b$ the fearless attempt to unite efficienc$ in

production with solidarit$. /""$a*, !" a$" &#* o a/$""'"% of a%%oc#a#o a

'a#f"% a co''o a of !##/ # !" '"'"$% !o c!oo%" o @o#. T!" Ba" #% ca**"

o $"%"c !" a&$" of !"%" o$/a#Ca#o% a o 'a" $o"$ &%" of !"#$ a$#o&% f"a&$"%,

&#/ #o $ac#c" !" f&a'"a* $#c#*" of %&%##a$#, !#c! $"L&#$"% !a !" #/#

a a&oo'o&% $"%o%##*# of !" %&%##a$ %&@"c " $"%"c" a $o'o".

. Savin;$ and con$u&er ;ood$

,5". o%&'"$%, !o # 'a ca%"% !a" a $oa $a/" of &#/ o"$ "** ao" !"

'"$" %&%#%"c" *""*, ""$c#%" %#/#f#ca #f*&"c" o"$ "coo'#c $"a*##"% !"#$ f$""

"c#%#o% $"/a$#/ !"!"$ o & !"#$ 'o" #o co%&'"$ /oo% o$ %a#/%. fac, !"

o%%##*# o #f*&"c" !" c!o#c"% 'a" #!# !" "coo'#c %"co$ #% # !" !a% of !o%"

!o '&% "c#" !"$" o *ac" !"#$ f#ac#a* $"%o&$c"%. Toa 'o$" !a # !" a% # #%

o%%#*" o "a*&a" !" aa#*a*" o#o% o o* o !" a%#% of !" ""c" $"&$ a !"

$"*a#" $#% & a*%o 'a#/ a a*&" @&/'" of !" #"%'" $o@"c% !a !o%"

$"%o&$c"% o&* f#ac", # !" aa$""%% !a !" "c#%#o o #"% # o" *ac" $a!"$

!a ao!"$, # o" $o&c#" %"co$ $a!"$ !a ao!"$, #% a*a% a 'o$a* a c&*&$a*

c!o#c".D744E

,5). Purchasing power must be used in the conte!t of the moral demands of 5ustice and

solidarit$ and in that of precise social responsibilities& O" '&% ""$ fo$/" !" & of

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


c!a$# ..., !a #%, !" & o /#" f$o' o"% Ia&ac", a %o'"#'"% "" o& of o"%

""%, # o$"$ o $o#" !a #% "%%"#a* fo$ !" *#f" of a oo$ "$%o.D745E T!#%

$"%o%##*# /#"% o co%&'"$% !" o%%##*#, !a% o !" #"$ c#$c&*a#o of

#fo$'a#o, of #$"c#/ !" "!a#o&$ of $o&c"$%, !$o&/! $"f"$"c"% > ###&a* a

co**"c#" > /#" o !" $o&c% of c"$a# co'a#"% $a!"$ !a o !o%" of o!"$%, a#/#o acco& o o* !" $#c" a L&a*# of !a #% "#/ &$c!a%" & a*%o !" $"%"c"

of co$$"c o$#/ co##o% # !" co'a a% "** a% !" *""* of $o"c#o of !" a&$a*

"#$o'" # !#c! # o"$a"%.

,*. The phenomenon of consumerism maintains a persistent orientation towards .having/

rather than .being/. T!#% cof&%"% !" c$#"$#a fo$ co$$"c* #%#/&#%!#/ " a !#/!"$

fo$'% of %a#%f#/ !&'a ""% f$o' a$#f#c#a* " ""% !#c! !#"$ !" fo$'a#o of a

'a&$" "$%oa*#.D746E To co&"$ac !#% !"o'"o # #% "c"%%a$ o c$"a" *#f"-

%*"% # !#c! !" L&"% fo$ $&!, "a&, /oo"%% a co''&#o #! o!"$% fo$ !" %a"of co''o /$o! a$" !" faco$% !#c! ""$'#" co%&'"$ c!o#c"%, %a#/% a

#"%'"%.D747E #% &"#a*" !a a% of *#f" a$" %#/#f#ca* #f*&"c" #ff"$"

%oc#a* co"%, fo$ !#% $"a%o !" c&*&$a* c!a**"/" !a co%&'"$#%' o%"% oa '&% "

'" #! /$"a"$ $"%o*", ao" a** # co%#"$a#o of f&&$" /""$a#o%, !o $#% !a#/ o

*#" # a a&$a* "#$o'" !a !a% "" #**a/" a "c"%%#" a #%o$"$"

co%&'"$#%'.D748E

/. THE =4E6 THI43S>

I4 THE EC4<IC SECTR

a. 3lo8aliation o::ortunitie$ and ri$($

,+. Our modern era is marked b$ the comple! phenomenon of economic and financial

globali6ation, a $oc"%% !a $o/$"%%#"* #"/$a"% a#oa* "coo'#"% a !" *""* of !"

"c!a/" of /oo% a %"$#c"% a of f#ac#a* $a%ac#o%. !#% $oc"%%, a ""$

/$o#/ &'"$ of !o%" #o*" # !" "coo'#c %"co$ #% $o'" o ao a 'o$"

/*oa* "$%"c#" coc"$#/ !" c!o#c"% !a !" '&% 'a" #! $"/a$ o f&&$" /$o!

a $of#%. T!" " "$%"c#" of /*oa* %oc#" o"% o %#'* co%#% # !" $"%"c" of

"coo'#c a f#ac#a* o% """ a#oa* fo$c"% a o$ # #ff"$" co&$#"%, !#c!

!a" 'o$"o"$ a*a% "" $"%", & # !" "$a%#""%% a !" a%o*&"*

&$"c""" a&$" of !" %%"' of $"*a#o% !a #% ""*o#/. T!" $o*" of f#ac#a*

'a$"% #% "co'#/ ""$ 'o$" "c#%#" a c"$a*. <o**o#/ !" *#"$a*#Ca#o of ca#a*

"c!a/" a c#$c&*a#o, !"%" 'a$" #'"%#o% !a" #c$"a%" "o$'o&%* a #!

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


#c$"#*" %"", o !" o# !a a/"% ca # $"a* #'", $a%f"$ *a$/" L&a##"% of

ca#a* f$o' o" a$ of !" /*o" o ao!"$. T!#% #% a '&*#fac"" $"a*# !a #% #ff#c&* o

"c#!"$, %#c" # "a% a #ff"$" *""*% a #% # co#&o&% "o*&#o a*o/ a!% !a

cao "a%#* " $"#c".

,2. Globali6ation gives rise to new hopes while at the same time it poses troubling

2uestions.D74=E Globali6ation is able to produce potentiall$ beneficial effects for the whole

of humanit$. !" a" of #CC#/ ""*o'"% # !" f#"* of "*"co''&#ca#o%, !"

/$o! of !" %%"' of "coo'#c a f#ac#a* $"*a#o% !a% $o&/! ao& %#'&*a"o&%* a

%#/#f#ca $"&c#o # !" co%% of co''&#ca#o% a " co''&#ca#o "c!o*o/#"%,

a !a% acc"*"$a" !" $oc"%% !#c! co''"$c#a* $a" a f#ac#a* $a%ac#o% a$"

"a#/ o$*#". o!"$ o$%, !" o !"o'"a of "coo'#c-f#ac#a*

/*oa*#Ca#o a "c!o*o/#ca* $o/$"%% !a" '&&a** %$"/!"" "ac! o!"$, 'a#/ !"

!o*" $oc"%% of !#% $"%" !a%" of $a%##o "$"'"* $a#.

In anal$6ing the present conte!t besides identif$ing the opportunities now opening up in the

era of the global econom$ one also comes to see the risks connected with the new

dimensions of commercial and financial relations. fac, !"$" a$" ##ca#o% a*" !a

o# o a $" of increasing ine2ualities, o! """ aac" co&$#"% a ""*o#/

co&$#"%, a #!# #&%$#a*#C" co&$#"%. T!" /$o#/ "coo'#c "a*! 'a" o%%#*"

!" $oc"%%"% "%c$#" ao" #% acco'a#" a #c$"a%" # $"*a#" o"$.

,,. +ooking after the common good means making use of the new opportunities for theredistribution of wealth among the different areas of the planet to the benefit of the

underprivileged that until now have been e!cluded or cast to the sidelines of social and

economic progress.D750E T!" c!a**"/", # %!o$, #% o "%&$" a /*oa*#Ca#o # %o*#a$#, a

/*oa*#Ca#o #!o& 'a$/#a*#Ca#o.D751E T!#% "c!o*o/#ca* $o/$"%% #%"*f $#%% "#/

&fa#$* #%$#&" a'o/ co&$#"%. fac, "c!o*o/#ca* #oa#o% ca ""$a" a

%$"a #!# a %"c#f#c co''&# o* #f !" o"#a* ""f#c#a$#"% !a" a '##'&' *""*

of o*"/" a f#ac#a* $"%o&$c"%. #% "#" !a, "ca&%" of !" /$"a #%a$##"%

""" co&$#"% $"/a$#/ acc"%% o "c!#ca* a %c#"#f#c o*"/" a o !" 'o%

$"c" $o&c% of "c!o*o/, !" $oc"%% of /*oa*#Ca#o "% & #c$"a%#/ $a!"$ !a

"c$"a%#/ !" #"L&a*##"% """ co&$#"% # "$'% of "coo'#c a %oc#a* ""*o'".

+#" !" a&$" of !" c&$$" a'#c%, !" f$"" c#$c&*a#o of ca#a* #% o of #%"*f

%&ff#c#" o c*o%" !" /a """ ""*o#/ co&$#"% a !" 'o$" aac" co&$#"%.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,-. Trade represents a fundamental component of international economic relations making

a decisive contribution to the speciali6ation in certain t$pes of production and to the

economic growth of different countries. Toa 'o$" !a ""$, #"$a#oa* $a" > #f

$o"$* o$#"" > $o'o"% ""*o'" a ca c$"a" " "'*o'" o%%##*##"%

a $o#" &%"f&* $"%o&$c"%. T!" !&$c!% %oc#a* oc$#" !a% #'" a a/a# ca**"a"#o o a"$$a#o% # !" %%"' of #"$a#oa* $a",D752E !#c! of", o#/ o

$o"c#o#% o*#c#"%, #%c$#'#a"% a/a#% $o&c% co'#/ f$o' oo$"$ co&$#"% a

!#"$% !" /$o! of #&%$#a* ac## # a !" $a%f"$ of "c!o*o/ o !"%" co&$#"%.

D753E T!" co#&#/ ""$#o$a#o # "$'% of !" "c!a/" of $a 'a"$#a*% a !"

#"#/ of !" /a """ $#c! a oo$ co&$#"% !a% $o'" !" %oc#a* Ma/#%"$#&' o

o# o& !" #'o$ac" of "!#ca* c$#"$#a !a %!o&* fo$' !" a%#% of #"$a#oa*

"coo'#c $"*a#o%: !" &$%&# of !" co''o /oo a !" &#"$%a* "%#a#o of /oo%;

"L&# # $a" $"*a#o%!#%; a a"#o o !" $#/!% a ""% of !" oo$ # o*#c#"%

coc"$#/ $a" a #"$a#oa* coo"$a#o. O!"$#%", !" oo$ a#o% $"'a# ""$

oo$ !#*" !" $#c! o"% "co'" %#** $#c!"$.D754E

,5. 8n ade2uate solidarit$ in the era of globali6ation re2uires that human rights be

defended . !#% $"/a$, !" Ma/#%"$#&' o#% o& !a o o* !" #%#o of a "ff"c#"

#"$a#oa* &*#c a&!o$# a !" %"$#c" of !&'a $#/!%, f$""o' a "ac" !a% o "

"" "#$"* ac!#"", & !"$" #% %#** # fac '&c! !"%#a#o # !" #"$a#oa*

co''&# ao& !" o*#/a#o o $"%"c a #'*"'" !&'a $#/!%. T!#% & o&c!"%

a** f&a'"a* $#/!%, "c*&#/ !a a$#$a$ #c#/ a c!oo%#/ !#c! ca *"a o

$a#oa*#C#/ fo$'% of #%c$#'#a#o a #@&%#c". ?#"#%", " a$" #"%%#/ !"

"'"$/"c" of a a*a$'#/ /a """ a %"$#"% of " I$#/!% "#/ $o'o" # aac"

%oc#"#"% !" $"%&* of " $o%"$# a " "c!o*o/#"% a o!"$ 'o$" a%#c !&'a

$#/!% %#** o "#/ '", "%"c#a** # %#&a#o% of &"$""*o'". a' !##/ !"$"

fo$ "a'*" ao& !" $#/! o foo a $#a*" a"$, o !o&%#/ a %"c&$#, o %"*f-

""$'#a#o a #"""c" !#c! a$" %#** fa$ f$o' "#/ /&a$a"" a $"a*#C".

D755E

,. 8s globali6ation spreads it must be accompanied b$ an ever more mature awareness onthe part of different organi6ations of civil societ$ of the new tasks to which the$ are called on

a worldwide level . T!a% a*%o o $"%o*&" ac#o a" !"%" o$/a#Ca#o%, # #** "

o%%#*" o *ac" !" $"%" $oc"%% of "coo'#c a f#ac#a* /$o! a#/ *ac" o a

/*oa* %ca*" #!# a f$a'"o$ !a /&a$a""% a "ff"c#" $"%"c of !&'a $#/!% a of

!" $#/!% of "o*"%, a% "** a% a "L&#a*" #%$#&#o of $"%o&$c"% #!# ""$ co&$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a """ #ff"$" co&$#"%: f$""o' of $a" #% fa#$ o* !" # #% # acco$ #! !"

"'a% of @&%#c".D756E

(pecial attention must be given to specific local features and the cultural differences that are

threatened b$ the economic and financial process currentl$ underwa$: +*oa*#Ca#o '&%o " a " "$%#o of co*o#a*#%'. '&% $"%"c !" #"$%# of c&*&$"% !#c!, #!#

!" &#"$%a* !a$'o of "o*"%, a$" *#f"% #"$$"#" "%. a$#c&*a$, # '&% o

"$#" !" oo$ of !a $"'a#% 'o% $"c#o&% o !"', #c*&#/ !"#$ $"*#/#o&% "*#"f% a

$ac#c"%, %#c" /"&#" $"*#/#o&% co#c#o% a$" !" c*"a$"% 'a#f"%a#o of !&'a

f$""o'.D757E

,!. In the era of globali6ation solidarit$ between generations must be forcefull$

emphasi6ed4 <o$'"$*, # 'a *ac"%, %o*#a$# """ /""$a#o% a% a a&$a* fa'#*

a#&"; # a*%o "ca'" a & of !" co''&#.D758E #% /oo !a %&c! %o*#a$#co#&" o " &$%&" #!# a#oa* o*##ca* co''&##"%, & oa !" $o*"' "#%%

a*%o fo$ !" /*oa* o*##ca* co''&#, # o$"$ !a /*oa*#Ca#o #** o occ&$ a !"

""%" of !" ""#"% a !" "a"%. Bo*#a$# """ /""$a#o% $"L&#$"% !a /*oa*

*a#/ a" *ac" acco$#/ o !" $#c#*" of !" &#"$%a* "%#a#o of /oo%, !#c!

'a"% # 'o$a** #**#c# a "coo'#ca** co&"$$o&c#" o &$" f&&$" /""$a#o%

#! !" co%% #o*": 'o$a** #**#c# "ca&%" # o&* '"a ao##/ o"% o

$"%o%##*##"%; "coo'#ca** co&"$$o&c#" "ca&%" co$$"c#/ fa#*&$"% #% 'o$"

""%#" !a $""#/ !"'. T!#% $#c#*" #% o " a*#" ao" a** > a*!o&/! o

o* > o !" "a$!% $"%o&$c"% a o %af"/&a$#/ c$"a#o, !" *a"$ of !#c! "co'"% a

a$#c&*a$* "*#ca" #%%&" "ca&%" of /*oa*#Ca#o, #o*#/ a% # o"% !" "#$" *a"

&"$%oo a% a %#/*" "co%%"'.D75=E

. The international financial $y$te&

,". 1inancial markets are certainl$ not an innovation of our da$4 for a long time now in

different forms the$ have been seeking to meet the financial needs of the productivit$ sector&

The e!perience of histor$ teaches that without ade2uate financial s$stems economic growth

would not have taken place. ?a$/"-%ca*" #"%'"% #ca* of 'o"$ 'a$" "coo'#"%

o&* !a" "" #'o%%#*" #!o& !" f&a'"a* $o*" of '"#a#o *a" f#ac#a*

'a$"%, !#c! a'o/ o!"$ !#/% $o&/! ao& a a$"c#a#o of !" o%##" f&c#o% of

%a#/% # !" o"$a** ""*o'" of !" "coo'#c a %oc#a* %%"'. f !" c$"a#o of !a

#% ca**" !" /*oa* ca#a* 'a$" !a% $o&/! ""f#%, !a% o !" fac !a !" /$"a"$

'o#*# of ca#a* a**o% !" $o&c## %"co$ "a%#"$ acc"%% o $"%o&$c"%, o !" o!"$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


!a # !a% a*%o #c$"a%" !" $#% of f#ac#a* c$#%"%. T!" f#ac#a* %"co$, !#c! !a% %"" !"

o*&'" of f#ac#a* $a%ac#o% fa$ %&$a%% !a of $"a* $a%ac#o%, $&% !" $#% of

""*o#/ acco$#/ o a '"a*# !a !a% o* #%"*f a% a o# of $"f"$"c", #!o& "#/

co"c" o !" $"a* fo&a#o% of !" "coo'.

,). A f#ac#a* "coo' !a #% a " &o #%"*f #% "%#" o co$a#c #% /oa*%, %#c" #

#% o *o/"$ # o&c! #! #% $oo% a !a% *o% %#/! of #% co%#&#" &$o%". o!"$

o$%, # !a% aao" #% o$#/#a* a "%%"#a* $o*" of %"$#/ !" $"a* "coo' a,

&*#'a"*, of co$#&#/ o !" ""*o'" of "o*" a !" !&'a co''&#. *#/!

of !" "$"'" #'a*ac" !a c!a$ac"$#C"% !" #"$a#oa* f#ac#a* %%"', !" o"$a**

#c&$" a"a$% 'o$" #%coc"$#/ %#**: !" $oc"%%"% of "$"/&*a#o of f#ac#a* 'a$"%

a #oa#o " o " co%o*#a" o* # c"$a# a$% of !" o$*. T!#% #% a %o&$c" of

%"$#o&% "!#ca* coc"$, %#c" !" co&$#"% "c*&" f$o' !"%" $oc"%%"% o o "@o !"

""f#% $o&/! ao& & a$" %#** "o%" o !" ""&a* "/a#" co%"L&"c"% !af#ac#a* #%a#*# ca ca&%" fo$ !"#$ $"a* "coo'#c %%"'%, ao" a** #f !" a$" "a o$

%&ff"$#/ f$o' "*a" ""*o'".D760 E

T!" %&" acc"*"$a#o of !"%" $oc"%%"%, %&c! a% !" "o$'o&% #c$"a%" # !" a*&" of !"

a'##%$a#" o$fo*#o% of f#ac#a* #%#&#o% a !" $a# $o*#f"$a#o of " a

%o!#%#ca" f#ac#a* #%$&'"%, 'a"% # more urgent than ever to find institutional

solutions capable of effectivel$ fostering the stabilit$ of the s$stem without reducing its

potential and efficienc$. #% !"$"fo$" ##%"%a*" o #$o&c" a o$'a#" a $"/&*ao$

f$a'"o$ !a #** $o"c !" %a#*# of !" %%"' # a** #% #$#ca" "$"%%#o%, fo%"$

co'"##o a'o/ #"$'"#a$#"% a "%&$" !" /$"a"% $a%a$"c o !" ""f# of

#"%o$%.

c. Role of the international co&&unity in an era of a ;lo8al econo&y

,!*. The loss of centralit$ on the part of (tates must coincide with a greater commitment on

the part of the international communit$ to e!ercise a strong guiding role. fac, a

#'o$a co%"L&"c" of !" $oc"%% of /*oa*#Ca#o co%#%% # !" /$a&a* *o%% of

"ff"c#""%% of a#o-%a"% # #$"c#/ !" a'#c% of a#oa* "coo'#c-f#ac#a*

%%"'%. T!" /o"$'"% of ###&a* co&$#"% f# !"#$ ac#o% # !" "coo'#c a

%oc#a* %!"$"% ""$ 'o$" %$o/* co##o" !" ""ca#o% of #"$a#oa* ca#a*

'a$"% a !" ""$ 'o$" $"%%#/ $"L&"%% fo$ c$"##*# co'#/ f$o' !" f#ac#a*

o$*. "ca&%" of !" " o% of #"$"""c" a'o/ /*oa* o"$ao$%, !" $a##oa*

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


"f"%#" '"a%&$"% of Ba"% a"a$ o " "%#" o fa#*&$" a, # !" $"%"c" of "

a$"a% of co'"##o, !" "$ o#o of a a#oa* 'a$" $"c""% #o !" ac/$o&.

,!+. The more the worldwide economic7financial s$stem reaches high levels of

organi6ational and functional comple!it$ all the more priorit$ must be given to the task ofregulating these processes directing them towards the goal of attaining the common good of

the human famil$& There is the clear need not 5ust for (tates but for the international

communit$ to take on this delicate chore with ade2uate and effective political and 5uridical

instruments&

#% !"$"fo$" ##%"%a*" !a #"$a#oa* "coo'#c a f#ac#a* #%#&#o% %!o&* "

a*" o #"#f !" 'o% a$o$#a" #%#&#oa* %o*&#o% a fo$'&*a" !" 'o% %&#a*"

*a% of ac#o a#'" a $#/#/ ao& a c!a/" !a, #f # "$" o " a%%#"* acc"" a

%#'* *"f o #%"*f, o&* o!"$#%" $o&c" a $a'a#c %#&a#o "$#'"a* ao" a** o!" "a"% a "f"c"*"%% c*a%%"% of !" o$*% o&*a#o.

#"$a#oa* a/"c#"% # #% "c"%%a$ !a !" #"$"%% of !" !o*" !&'a fa'#* "

"L&a** $"$"%"". #% "c"%%a$ 'o$"o"$ !a # "a*&a#/ !" co%"L&"c"% of !"#$

"c#%#o%, !"%" a/"c#"% a*a% /#" %&ff#c#" co%#"$a#o o "o*"% a co&$#"% !#c!

!a" *#*" "#/! # !" #"$a#oa* 'a$", & !#c! a$" &$"" !" 'o% ac&" a

"%"$a" ""%, a a$" !&% 'o$" """ o %&o$ fo$ !"#$ ""*o'".D761E

,!2. The sphere of politics too 5ust like that of the econom$ must be in a position to e!tendits range of action be$ond national boundaries 2uickl$ taking on an operative worldwide

dimension which alone will permit it to direct the processes now underwa$ not onl$

according to economic parameters but also according to moral criteria. T!" a%#c /oa* #% o

/&#" "coo'#c $oc"%%"% "%&$#/ !a !" #/# of 'a a !#% co'*"" ""*o'"

a% a "$%o a$" $"%"c", # !" co" of !" co''o /oo.D762E Ta#/ o !#% a%

"a#*% !" $"%o%##*# of acc"*"$a#/ !" co%o*#a#o of "#%#/ #%#&#o% a !"

c$"a#o of " "##"% $"%o%#*" fo$ !#%.D763E coo'#c ""*o'", # fac, #** "

*a%#/ o* o !" "" !a # a"% *ac" #!# a c*"a$ a "f#" o$'a#" co" a

#!# a $oa *a fo$ !" 'o$a*, c##* a c&*&$a* /$o! of !" "#$" !&'a fa'#*.

. An inte;ral develo:&ent in $olidarity

,!,. One of the fundamental tasks of those activel$ involved in international economic

matters is to achieve for mankind an integral development in solidarit$, !a #% o %a, # !a%

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o $o'o" !" /oo of ""$ "$%o a of !" !o*" "$%o.D764E To ac!#"" !#% a%

$"L&#$"% a #%#o of !" "coo' !a, o !" #"$a#oa* *""*, /&a$a""% a "L&#a*"

#%$#&#o of $"%o&$c"% a !a #% $"%o%#" o aa$""%% of !" #"$"""c" >

"coo'#c, o*##ca* a c&*&$a* > !a oa &#"% "o*" "f###"* a'o/ !"'%"*"%

a 'a"% !"' f""* *#" a %o*" "%#.D765E Boc#a* $o*"'% #c$"a%#/* a" o a/*oa* #'"%#o. No Ba" ca fac" !"%" a*o" a f# a %o*&#o. T!" $"%" /""$a#o%

!a" #$"c ""$#"c" of !" "" fo$ %o*#a$# a a$" coc$""* aa$" of !" "c"%%# o

'o" "o a ###&a*#%#c c&*&$".D766E T!"$" #% a ""$ #"$ aa$""%% of !" ""

fo$ 'o"*% of ""*o'" !a %"" o a" o !" a% o o* of $a#%#/ a** "o*"% o !"

*""* c&$$"* "@o" !" $#c!"% co&$#"%, & $a!"$ of &#*#/ & a 'o$" "c" *#f"

!$o&/! &#" *ao&$, of coc$""* "!ac#/ ""$ ###&a*% #/# a c$"a##, a%

"** a% !#% caac# o $"%o o !#% "$%oa* oca#o, a !&% o +o% ca**.D767E

,!-. 8 more human development in solidarit$ will also bring benefit to the richer countriesthemselves. !"%" co&$#"% o" f$"L&"* o%"$"% a %o$ of "#%"#a* cof&%#o, a

#a#*# o *#" a o ""$#"c" $o"$* !" '"a#/ of *#f", "" !o&/! %&$$o&"

a a&ac" of 'a"$#a* o%%"%%#o%. A %"%" of a*#"a#o a *o%% of !"#$ o !&'a#

!a% 'a" "o*" f""* $"&c" o !" $o*" of co/% # !" 'ac!#"$ of $o&c#o a

co%&'#o a !" f# o a o aff#$' !"#$ o #/# a% "$%o% 'a" # !" #'a/"

a *#""%% of +o.D768E R#c! co&$#"% !a" %!o !" a#*# o c$"a" 'a"$#a* "**-

"#/, & of" a !" ""%" of 'a a !" "a"$ %oc#a* c*a%%"%. O" cao #/o$" !"

fac !a !" f$o#"$% of "a*! a o"$ #"$%"c #!# %oc#"#"% !"'%"*"%, !"!"$

""*o" o$ ""*o#/. fac, @&% a% %oc#a* #"L&a*##"% > "" o !" o# of *#"% of

'#%"$ a o"$ > "#% # $#c! co&$#"%, %o, # a$a**"* fa%!#o, # !" *"%% ""*o"

co&$#"% o" of" %""% 'a#f"%a#o% of %"*f#%!"%% a a f*a&#/ of "a*! !#c! #% a%

#%coc"$#/ a% # #% %caa*o&%.D76=E

". 4eed for &ore educational and cultural for&ation

,!5. 1or the Church's social doctrine the econom$ .is onl$ one aspect and one dimension

of the whole of human activit$. f "coo'#c *#f" #% a%o*&#C", #f !" $o&c#o a

co%&'#o of /oo% "co'" !" c"$" of %oc#a* *#f" a %oc#"% o* a*&", o %&@"c

o a o!"$ a*&", !" $"a%o #% o " fo& o %o '&c! # !" "coo'#c %%"' #%"*f a% #

!" fac !a !" "#$" %oc#o-c&*&$a* %%"', #/o$#/ !" "!#ca* a $"*#/#o&% #'"%#o,

!a% "" "a"", a "% & *#'##/ #%"*f o !" $o&c#o of /oo% a %"$#c"%

a*o".D770E T!" *#f" of 'a, @&% *#" !" %oc#a* *#f" of !" co''&#, '&% o " $"&c"

o #% 'a"$#a*#%#c #'"%#o, "" #f 'a"$#a* /oo% a$" "$"'"* "c"%%a$ o! fo$ '"$"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


%&$#a* a fo$ #'$o#/ !" L&a*# of *#f". A #c$"a%" %"%" of +o a #c$"a%" %"*f-

aa$""%% a$" f&a'"a* o a full development of human societ$.D771E

,!. 1aced with the rapid advancement of technological and economic progress and with

the e2uall$ rapid transformation of the processes of production and consumption the *agisterium senses the need to propose a great deal of educational and cultural formation,

fo$ !" !&$c! #% aa$" !a o ca** fo$ a "#%"c" !#c! #% L&a*#a#"* 'o$" %a#%f#/ #%

of #%"*f *"/##'a", & o" cao fa#* o $a a"#o o !" " $"%o%##*##"% a

a/"$% co"c" #! !#% !a%" of !#%o$ ... %#/*#/ o& " ""% a " '"a% o

'"" !"', o" '&% " /&#" a co'$"!"%#" #c&$" of 'a !#c! $"%"c% a** !"

#'"%#o% of !#% "#/ a !#c! %&o$#a"% !#% 'a"$#a* a #%#c#" #'"%#o% o

!#% #"$#o$ a %#$#&a* o"% ... Of #%"*f, a "coo'#c %%"' o"% o o%%"%% c$#"$#a fo$

co$$"c* #%#/&#%!#/ " a !#/!"$ fo$'% of %a#%f#/ !&'a ""% f$o' a$#f#c#a* "

""% !#c! !#"$ !" fo$'a#o of a 'a&$" "$%oa*#. T!&% a great deal of educationaland cultural work #% &$/"* """, #c*&#/ !" "&ca#o of co%&'"$% # !"

$"%o%#*" &%" of !"#$ o"$ of c!o#c", !" fo$'a#o of a %$o/ %"%" of $"%o%##*#

a'o/ $o&c"$% a a'o/ "o*" # !" 'a%% '"#a # a$#c&*a$, a% "** a% !" "c"%%a$

#"$"#o &*#c a&!o$##"%.D772E

CHAPTER EI3HT

TH O?TA? OMMUNT9

I. BIBLICAL ASPECTS

a. 3od$ do&inion

,!!. 8t the beginning of its histor$ the people of Israel are unlike other peoples in that the$

have no king for the$ recogni6e the dominion of <ahweh alone& It is God who intervenes on

Israel's behalf through charismatic individuals, a% $"co$" # !" oo of F&/"%. T!"

"o*" a$oac! !" *a% of !"%" ###&a*%, Ba'&"*, $o!" a @&/", o a% fo$ a #/

(cf. , (am 8:5; 10:18-1=). Ba'&"* a$% !" %$a"*#"% ao& !" co%"L&"c"% of a "%o#c""$c#%" of #/%!# (cf. , (am 8:11-18). Ho""$, !" a&!o$# of !" #/ ca a*%o "

""$#"c" a% a /#f of 9a!"! !o co'"% o !" a%%#%ac" of !#% "o*" (cf. , (am =:16).

!" ", Ba&* #% ao#" #/ (cf. , (am 10:1-2). T!"%" ""% %!o !" "%#o !a

$o&/! %$a"* o &"$%a #/%!# # a #ff"$" a !a # a% &"$%oo

"#/!o&$#/ "o*"%. T!" #/, c!o%" 9a!"! (cf. 9t 17:15; , (am =:16) a

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


co%"c$a" !#' (cf. , (am 16:12-13), #% %"" a% +o% %o (cf. Ps 2:7) a #% o 'a"

+o% o'##o a *a of %a*a#o #%#*" (cf. Ps 72). T!" #/, !", #% o " !" "f""$

of !" "a a !" /&a$ao$ of @&%#c" fo$ !" "o*". T!" "&c#a#o% of !" $o!"%

foc&% $"c#%"* o !" #/% fa#*&$" o f&*f#* !"%" f&c#o% (cf. , =g 21; Is 10:1-4; 8m 2:6-

8, 8:4-8; *ic 3:1-4).

,!". T!" $oo" of !" #/ c!o%" 9a!"! #% Ga#, !o%" !&'*" o$#/#% a$" a

fao&$#" o#c of !" #*#ca* acco& (cf. 1 Ba' 16:1-13). Ga# #% !" $"c##" of !"

$o'#%" (cf. 2 Ba' 7:13-16; % 8=:2-38, 132:11-18), !#c! *ac"% !#' a !" "/##/ of a

%"c#a* #/* $a##o, !" '"%%#a#c $a##o. No#!%a#/ a** !" %#% a

#f#"*##"% of Ga# a !#% %&cc"%%o$%, !#% $a##o c&*'#a"% # F"%&% !$#%, !o #% a$

"c"**"c" 9a!"!% ao#" (!a #%, !" ?o$% co%"c$a" o", cf. 1 Ba' 2:35,

24:7,11, 26:=,16; 30:22-32), !" %o of Ga# (cf. M 1:1-17; ? 3:23-38; Ro' 1:3).

The failure of kingship on the historical level does not lead to the disappearance of the ideal

of a king who in fidelit$ to <ahweh will govern with wisdom and act in 5ustice. T!#% !o"

$"a"a$% #'" a a/a# # !" %a*'% (cf. Ps 2, 18, 20, 21, 72). !" '"%%#a#c o$ac*"%, !"

f#/&$" of a #/ "o" #! !" ?o$% B#$#, f&** of #%o' a caa*" of $""$#/

@&%#c" o !" oo$, #% aa#" # "%c!ao*o/#ca* #'"% (cf. Is 11:2-5; Jer 23:5-6). A% $&"

%!"!"$ of !" "o*" of %$a"* (cf. E6ek 34:23-24, 37:24), !" #** $#/ "ac" o !" a#o%

(cf. >ech =:=-10). W#%o' ?#"$a&$", !" #/ #% $"%"" a% !" o" !o $""$% @&%

@&/'"% a a!o$% ##L&# (cf. Prov 16:12), !o @&/"% !" oo$ #! "L&#

(cf. Prov2=:14) a #% a f$#" o !o%" #! a &$" !"a$ (cf. Prov 22:11). T!"$" #% a /$a&a*

&fo*#/ of !" $oc*a'a#o of !a !" +o%"*% a o!"$ N" T"%a'" $##/% %""

f&*f#**" # F"%&% of NaCa$"!, !" "f###" #ca$a#o of !a !" O* T"%a'" fo$"o*

ao& !" f#/&$" of !" #/.

. #e$u$ and :olitical authority

,!). Jesus refuses the oppressive and despotic power wielded b$ the rulers of the

nations (cf. *k 10:42) and re5ects their pretension in having themselves called

benefactors (cf. +k 22:25), but he does not directl$ oppose the authorities of his time. !#%

$oo&c"'" o !" a#/ of a"% o a"%a$ (cf. *k 12:13-17; *t 22:15-22; +k 20:20-

26), !" aff#$'% !a " '&% /#" o +o !a #% +o%, #'*#c#* co"'#/ ""$ a"'

a 'a#/ "'o$a* o"$ ##" o$ a%o*&": +o a*o" ca "'a ""$!#/ f$o' 'a.

A !" %a'" #'", "'o$a* o"$ !a% !" $#/! o #% &": F"%&% o"% o co%#"$ # &@&% o

a a"% o a"%a$.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


Jesus the promised *essiah fought against and overcame the temptation of a political

messianism characteri6ed b$ the sub5ection of the nations (cf. *t 4:8-11; +k 4:5-8). H" #%

!" Bo of Ma !o ca'" o %"$", a o /#" !#% *#f" ( *k 10:45; cf. *t 20:24-

28: +k 22:24-27). A% !#% #%c#*"% a$" #%c&%%#/ #! o" ao!"$ !o #% !" /$"a"%, F"%&%

"ac!"% !"' !a !" '&% 'a" !"'%"*"% *"a% a !" %"$a% of a** (cf. *k =:33- 35),%!o#/ o !" %o% of """", Fa'"% a Fo!, !o #%! o %# a H#% $#/! !a, !" a!

of !" c$o%% (cf. *k 10:35-40; *t 20:20-23).

c. The early Chri$tian co&&unitie$

,"*. (ubmission not passive but .for the sake of conscience/ ( -om 13:5), to legitimate

authorit$ responds to the order established b$ God . Ba# a&* "f#"% !" $"*a#o%!#% a

&#"% !a a !$#%#a #% o !a" oa$% !" a&!o$##"% (cf. -om 13:1-7). H" #%#%% o !"

c##c & o a a"%: a a** of !"' !"#$ &"%, a"% o !o' a"% a$" &", $""&" o!o' $""&" #% &", f"a$ o !o' f"a$ #% &", $"%"c o !o $"%"c #% &" ( -om 13:7).

T!" Ao%*" c"$a#* o"% o #" o *"/##'#C" ""$ a&!o$# %o '&c! a% o !"*

!$#%#a% o take thought for what is noble in the sight of all ( -om 12:17), #c*&#/ !"#$

$"*a#o% #! !" a&!o$##"%, #%ofa$ a% !" a&!o$##"% a$" a !" %"$#c" of +o fo$ !" /oo

of !" "$%o (cf. -om 13:4; , Tim 2:1-2; Tit 3:1) a o ""c&" D+o%E $a! o !"

$o/o"$ ( -om 13:4).

Ba# ""$ "!o$% !$#%#a% o " %&@"c fo$ !" ?o$% %a" o ""$ !&'a #%#&#o

(, Pet 2:13). T!" #/ a !#% /o"$o$% !a" !" & o &#%! !o%" !o o $o/ ao $a#%" !o%" !o o $#/! (, Pet 2:14). T!#% a&!o$# of !"#$% '&% " !oo&$" (,

Pet 2: 17), !a #%, $"co/#C", "ca&%" +o "'a% co$$"c "!a#o&$ !a #** silence the

ignorance of foolish men (, Pet 2:15). <$""o' '&% o " &%" a% a $"" fo$ "#* & o

%"$" +o (cf. , Pet 2:16). coc"$% f$"" a $"%o%#*" o"#"c" o a a&!o$# !a

ca&%"% @&%#c" o " $"%"c", "%&$#/ !" co''o /oo.

,"+. Pra$ing for rulers which (aint Paul recommended even as he was being persecuted

implicitl$ indicates what political authorit$ ought to guarantee4 a calm and tran2uil life led

with piet$ and dignit$ (cf. , Tim 2:1-2). !$#%#a% '&% " $"a fo$ a !o"% o$

(Tit 3:1), %!o#/ "$f"c co&$"% oa$% a** (Tit 3:2), # !" aa$""%% !a !" a$"

%a" o !"#$ o ""% & +o% '"$c. W#!o& !" a%!#/ of $"/""$a#o a

$""a* # !" Ho* B#$#, !#c! !" o&$" o& &o &% $#c!* !$o&/! F"%&% !$#% o&$

Ba#o&$ (Tit 3:5-6), a** "o*" a$" foo*#%!, #%o"#", *" a%$a, %*a"% o a$#o&%

a%%#o% a *"a%&$"%, a%%#/ D!"#$E a% # 'a*#c" a ", !a" '" a !a#/ o"

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


ao!"$ (Tit 3:3). W" '&% o fo$/" !" '#%"$a*" %a" of !" !&'a co##o 'a$$"

%#, & $"""'" +o% *o".

,"2. W!" !&'a a&!o$# /o"% "o !" *#'#% #**" +o, # 'a"% #%"*f a "# a

"'a% a%o*&" %&'#%%#o; # "co'"% !" "a% of !" Aoca*%", a #'a/" of !" o"$ of !" #'"$#a* "$%"c&o$ $& #! !" *oo of !" %a#% a !" *oo of !"

'a$$% of F"%&% (R" 17:6). T!" "a% #% %"$" !" fa*%" $o!" (R" 1=:20), !o,

#! "/&#*#/ %#/%, #&c"% "o*" o ao$" #. T!#% #%#o #% a $o!"#c ##ca#o of !"

%a$"% &%" Baa o $&*" '", %"a*#/ !#% a #o !"#$ %#$# #! *#"%. & !$#% #% !"

#co$#o&% ?a' !o, o !" co&$%" of !&'a !#%o$, o"$co'"% ""$ o"$ !a o&*

'a" # a%o*&". "fo$" %&c! a o"$, Ba# Fo! %&//"%% !" $"%#%ac" of !" 'a$$%; #

!#% a, "*#""$% "a$ #"%% !a co$$& a %aa#c o"$ #% "f"a", "ca&%" # o

*o/"$ !a% a a&!o$# o"$ !"'.

,",. The Church proclaims that Christ the con2ueror of death reigns over the universe that

he himself has redeemed& )is kingdom includes even the present times and will end onl$

when ever$thing is handed over to the 1ather and human histor$ is brought to completion in

the final 5udgment (cf. , Cor 15:20-28). !$#% $""a*% o !&'a a&!o$#, a*a% "'"

!" "%#$" o o'#a", #% a&!"#c a co'*"" '"a#/ a% %"$#c". +o #% !" o"

<a!"$, a !$#% !" o" T"ac!"$, of a** 'a#, a a** "o*" a$" $o!"$% a %#%"$%.

Bo"$"#/ "*o/% o +o. T!" ?o$, !o""$, !a% o #**" o $"%"$" o !#'%"*f a**

""$c#%" of o"$. H" "$&%% o ""$ c$"a&$" !" f&c#o% # #% caa*" of "$fo$'#/,

acco$#/ o !" caac##"% of #% o a&$". T!#% 'o" of /o"$ac" o&/! o " fo**o"

# %oc#a* *#f". T!" a +o ac% # /o"$#/ !" o$*, !#c! "a$% #"%% o %&c! /$"a

$"/a$ fo$ !&'a f$""o', %!o&* #%#$" !" #%o' of !o%" !o /o"$ !&'a

co''&##"%. T!" %!o&* "!a" a% '##%"$% of ##" $o#"c".D773E

T!" #*#ca* '"%%a/" $o#"% "*"%% #%#$a#o fo$ !$#%#a $"f*"c#o o o*##ca* o"$,

$"ca**#/ !a # co'"% f$o' +o a #% a #"/$a* a$ of !" o$"$ !a !" c$"a". T!#%

o$"$ #% "$c"#" !" !&'a co%c#"c" a, # %oc#a* *#f", f#% #% f&*f#*'" # !"

$&!, @&%#c", f$""o' a %o*#a$# !a $#/ "ac".D774E

II. 104ATI4 A4 P0RPSE

1 THE PLITICAL C<<04IT

a. Political co&&unity% the hu&an :er$on and a :eo:le

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,"-. The human person is the foundation and purpose of political life.D775E o" #! a

$a#oa* a&$", !" !&'a "$%o #% $"%o%#*" fo$ !#% o c!o#c"% a a*" o &$%&"

$o@"c% !a /#" '"a#/ o *#f" a !" ###&a* a %oc#a* *""*. "#/ o" o! o !"

T$a%c"" a o o!"$% #% !#% c!a$ac"$#%#c a #%#/&#%!#/ $a#. O* # $"*a#o o

!" T$a%c"" a o o!"$% o"% !" !&'a "$%o $"ac! !" oa* a co'*""f&*f#*'" of !#'%"*f. T!#% '"a% !a fo$ !" !&'a "$%o, a a&$a** %oc#a* a o*##ca*

"#/, %oc#a* *#f" #% o %o'"!#/ a" o D776E & #% a$ of a "%%"#a* a #"*#*"

#'"%#o.

The political communit$ originates in the nature of persons whose conscience .reveals to

them and en5oins them to obe$/ D777E the order which God has imprinted in all his

creatures: a 'o$a* a $"*#/#o&% o$"$; a # #% !#% o$"$ > a o co%#"$a#o% of a

&$"* "$a"o&%, 'a"$#a* o$"$ > !#c! !a% !" /$"a"% a*## # !" %o*&#o of

$o*"'% $"*a#/ o !"#$ *#"% a% ###&a*% a a% '"'"$% of %oc#", a $o*"'%coc"$#/ ###&a* Ba"% a !"#$ #"$$"*a#o%.D778E T!#% o$"$ '&% " /$a&a**

#%co"$" a ""*o" !&'a#. T!" o*##ca* co''&#, a $"a*# #!"$" #

'a#, "#%% o ac!#"" a " o!"$#%" &oa#a*": !" f&** /$o! of "ac! of #%

'"'"$%, ca**" o coo"$a" %"afa%* fo$ !" aa#'" of !" co''o /oo,D77=E &"$

!" #'&*%" of !"#$ a&$a* #c*#a#o% oa$% !a #% $&" a /oo.

,"5. The political communit$ finds its authentic dimension in its reference to people : # #%

a %!o&* # $ac#c" " !" o$/a#c a o$/a#C#/ &# of a $"a* "o*".D780E T!" "$'

a "o*" o"% o '"a a %!a"*"%% '&*#&", a #"$ 'a%% o " 'a#&*a" a

"*o#", & a /$o& of "$%o%, "ac! of !o' > a !#% $o"$ *ac" a # !#% o a

D781E > #% a*" o fo$' #% o o##o o &*#c 'a"$% a !a% !" f$""o' o "$"%% #%

o o*##ca* %"#'"% a o $#/ !"' o "a$ o%##"* o !" co''o /oo. A "o*"

"#%% # !" f&**"%% of !" *#"% of !" '" a o'" !o' # #% 'a" &, "ac! of

!o' ... #% a "$%o aa$" of !#% o $"%o%##*##"% a co#c#o%.D782E T!o%" !o

"*o/ o a o*##ca* co''&#, a*!o&/! organicall$ &#" a'o/ !"'%"*"% a% a "o*",

'a#a# a #$$"$"%%#*" autonom$ a !" *""* of "$%oa* "#%"c" a of !" /oa*% o "

&$%&".

,". The primar$ characteristic of a people is the sharing of life and values which is the

source of communion on the spiritual and moral level . H&'a %oc#" '&% $#'a$#* "

co%#"$" %o'"!#/ "$a##/ o !" %#$#&a*. T!$o&/! #, # !" $#/! *#/! of $&! '"

%!o&* %!a$" !"#$ o*"/", " a*" o ""$c#%" !"#$ $#/!% a f&*f#* !"#$ o*#/a#o%, "

#%#$" o %"" %#$#&a* a*&"%, '&&a** "$#" /"&#" *"a%&$" f$o' "a& of !a""$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o$"$ # ", a*a% " $"a#* #%o%" o a%% o o o!"$% !" "% of !"#$ o c&*&$a*

!"$#a/" a "a/"$* %$#" o 'a" !"#$ o !" %#$#&a* ac!#""'"% of o!"$%. T!"%"

""f#% o o* #f*&"c" & a !" %a'" #'" /#" a#' a %co" o a** !a !a% "a$#/ o

c&*&$a* "$"%%#o%, "coo'#c a %oc#a* #%#&#o%, o*##ca* 'o"'"% a fo$'%, *a%,

a a** o!"$ %$&c&$"% !#c! %oc#" #% o&a$* "%a*#%!" a co%a* ""*o".D783E

,"!. <o$ ""$ "o*" !"$" #% # /""$a* a co$$"%o#/ a#o, & fo$ a$#o&% $"a%o%

a#oa* o&a$#"% o o a*a% co#c#" #! "!#c o&a$#"%.D784E T!&% !" L&"%#o

of '#o$##"% a$#%"%, !#c! !a% !#%o$#ca** "" !" ca&%" of 'o$" !a @&% a f" cof*#c%.

T!" Ma/#%"$#&' aff#$'% !a '#o$##"% co%#&" /$o&% #! $"c#%" $#/!% a &#"%,

'o% of a**, !" $#/! o "#%, !#c! ca " #/o$" # 'a a%, #c*&#/ %&c! "$"'"

ca%"% a% #% "#a* !$o&/! o"$ o$ ##$"c fo$'% of /"oc#".D785E Mo$"o"$, '#o$##"%

!a" !" $#/! o 'a#a# !"#$ c&*&$", #c*&#/ !"#$ *a/&a/", a o 'a#a# !"#$$"*#/#o&% "*#"f%, #c*&#/ o$%!# %"$#c"%. !" *"/##'a" L&"% o !a" !"#$ $#/!%

$"%"c", '#o$##"% 'a " $#" o %"" /$"a"$ a&oo' o$ "" #"""c"; # %&c!

"*#ca" c#$c&'%ac"%, #a*o/&" a "/o#a#o a$" !" a! fo$ aa##/ "ac". ""$

ca%", $"co&$%" o "$$o$#%' #% &@&%#f#a*" a a'a/"% !" ca&%" !a #% "#/ %o&/!.

M#o$##"% a$" a*%o o& &#"%, a'o/ !#c!, ao" a**, #% o$#/ fo$ !" co''o

/oo of !" Ba" # !#c! !" *#". a$#c&*a$, a '#o$# /$o& !a% !" & o $o'o"

!" f$""o' a #/# of "ac! o" of #% '"'"$% a o $"%"c !" "c#%#o% of "ac! o",

"" #f %o'"o" "$" o "c#" o ao !" 'a@o$# c&*&$"D786E.

. efendin; and :ro&otin; hu&an ri;ht$

,"". Considering the human person as the foundation and purpose of the political

communit$ means in the first place working to recogni6e and respect human dignit$ through

defending and promoting fundamental and inalienable human rights: o&$ #'" !"

co''o /oo #% c!#"f* /&a$a"" !" "$%oa* $#/!% a &#"% a$" 'a#a#".D787E

T!" $#/!% a &#"% of !" "$%o coa# a coc#%" %&''a$ of !" $#c#a* 'o$a* a

@&$##ca* $"L&#$"'"% !a '&% $"%#" o"$ !" co%$&c#o of !" o*##ca* co''&#.

T!"%" $"L&#$"'"% co%#&" a o@"c#" o$' o !#c! o%##" *a #% a%" a !#c!

cao " #/o$" !" o*##ca* co''&#, "ca&%" o! # "#%"#a* "#/ a # f#a*

&$o%" !" !&'a "$%o $"c""% !" o*##ca* co''&#. o%##" *a '&% /&a$a""

!a f&a'"a* !&'a ""% a$" '".

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


,"). The political communit$ pursues the common good when it seeks to create a human

environment that offers citi6ens the possibilit$ of trul$ e!ercising their human rights and of

fulfilling completel$ their corresponding duties. "$#"c" !a% a&/! &% !a, &*"%% !"%"

a&!o$##"% a" %&#a*" ac#o #! $"/a$ o "coo'#c, o*##ca* a c&*&$a* 'a"$%,

#"L&a*##"% """ c##C"% " o "co'" 'o$" a 'o$" #"%$"a, "%"c#a** # !"'o"$ o$*, a a% a $"%&* !&'a $#/!% a$" $""$" oa** #"ff"c#" a !" f&*f#*'"

of &#"% #% co'$o'#%".D788E

The full attainment of the common good re2uires that the political communit$ develop a

twofold and complementar$ action that defends and promotes human rights. %!o&* o

!a" !a c"$a# ###&a*% o$ %oc#a* /$o&% "$#" %"c#a* aaa/" f$o' !" fac !a

!"#$ $#/!% !a" $"c"#" $"f"$"#a* $o"c#o. No$ %!o&* # !a" !a /o"$'"% #

%""#/ o $o"c !"%" $#/!%, "co'" o%ac*"% o !"#$ f&** "$"%%#o a f$"" &%".D78=E

c. Social life 8a$ed on civil friend$hi:

,)*. The profound meaning of civil and political life does not arise immediatel$ from the list

of personal rights and duties& +ife in societ$ takes on all its significance when it is based on

civil friendship and on fraternit$.D7=0E T!" %!"$" of $#/!%, # fac, #% !a of %af"/&a$"

#"$"%%, ""$a* $"%"c, !" $o"c#o of 'a"$#a* /oo% a !"#$ #%$#&#o acco$#/ o

"%a*#%!" $&*"%. T!" %!"$" of f$#"%!#, o !" o!"$ !a, #% !a %"*f*"%%"%%, "ac!'"

f$o' 'a"$#a* /oo%, /##/ f$""* a #"$ acc"ac" of !" ""% of o!"$%.D7=1E Civil

friendship D7=2E &"$%oo # !#% a #% !" 'o% /"&#" ac&a*#Ca#o of !" $#c#*" off$a"$#, !#c! #% #%"a$a*" f$o' !a of f$""o' a "L&a*#.D7=3E *a$/" a$, !#%

$#c#*" !a% o "" & #o $ac#c" # !" coc$"" c#$c&'%ac"% of 'o"$ o*##ca*

%oc#", ao" a** "ca&%" of !" #f*&"c" of ###&a*#%#c a co**"c##%#c #"o*o/#"%.

,)+. 8 communit$ has solid foundations when it tends toward the integral promotion of the

person and of the common good& In such cases law is defined respected and lived

according to the manner of solidarit$ and dedication towards one's neighbour . F&%#c"

$"L&#$"% !a ""$o" %!o&* " a*" o "@o !"#$ o /oo% a $#/!%; !#% ca "

co%#"$" !" '##'&' '"a%&$" of *o".D7=4E Boc#a* *#f" "co'"% 'o$" !&'a !" 'o$" #

#% c!a$ac"$#C" "ffo$% o $#/ ao& a 'o$" 'a&$" aa$""%% of !" #"a* oa$%

!#c! # %!o&* " o$#"", !#c! #% !" c##*#Ca#o of *o".D7=5E

The human being is a person not 5ust an individual .D7=6E The term person indicates a

nature endowed with intelligence and free will : D7=7E he is therefore a realit$ that is far

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


superior to that of a sub5ect defined b$ the needs arising solel$ from his material dimension.

T!" !&'a "$%o, # fac, a*!o&/! a$#c#a#/ ac#"* # $o@"c% "%#/" o %a#%f !#%

""% #!# !" fa'#* a #!# c##* a o*##ca* %oc#", o"% o f# co'*"" %"*f-

f&*f#*'" &#* !" 'o"% "o !" '"a*# of ""% a ""$% #o !a of

/$a&#o&%"%% a /#f, !#c! f&** co$$"%o% o !#% "%%"c" a co''&# oca#o.

,)2. The gospel precept of charit$ enlightens Christians as to the deepest meaning of

political life. o$"$ o 'a" # $&* !&'a, o ""$ a "#%% ... !a fo%"$#/ a

#"$ %"%" of @&%#c", ""o*"c" a %"$#c" fo$ !" co''o /oo, a %$"/!"#/

a%#c "*#"f% ao& !" $&" a&$" of !" o*##ca* co''&# a ao& !" $o"$ ""$c#%"

a *#'#% of &*#c a&!o$#.D7=8E T!" /oa* !#c! "*#""$% '&% & "fo$" !"'%"*"% #%

!a of establishing communit$ relationships among people. T!" !$#%#a #%#o of o*##ca*

%oc#" *ac"% a$a'o& #'o$ac" o !" a*&" of communit$, o! a% a 'o"* fo$

o$/a#C#/ *#f" # %oc#" a a% a %*" of ""$a *##/.

III. PLITICAL A0THRIT

a. The foundation of :olitical authority

,),. The Church has alwa$s considered different wa$s of understanding authorit$ taking

care to defend and propose a model of authorit$ that is founded on the social nature of the

person& B#c" +o 'a" '" %oc#a* a&$", a %#c" o %oc#" ca !o* o/"!"$

&*"%% %o'" o" " o"$ a**, #$"c#/ a** o %$#" "a$"%* fo$ !" co''o /oo, ""$c##*#C" co''&# '&% !a" a $&*#/ a&!o$#, a !#% a&!o$#, o *"%% !a %oc#"

#%"*f, !a% #% %o&$c" # a&$", a !a%, co%"L&"*, +o fo$ #% a&!o$.D7==E Political

authorit$ is therefore necessar$ D800E because of the responsibilities assigned to it& Political

authorit$ is and must be a positive and irreplaceable component of civil life.D801E

,)-. Political authorit$ must guarantee an ordered and upright communit$ life without

usurping the free activit$ of individuals and groups but disciplining and orienting this

freedom b$ respecting and defending the independence of the individual and social sub5ects

for the attainment of the common good . o*##ca* a&!o$# #% a #%$&'" of coo$#a#oa #$"c#o '"a% of !#c! !" 'a ###&a*% a #"$'"#a" o#"% '&% 'o"

oa$% a o$"$ # !#c! $"*a#o%!#%, #%#&#o% a $oc"&$"% a$" & a !" %"$#c" of

#"/$a* !&'a /$o!. o*##ca* a&!o$#, # fac, !"!"$ # !" co''&# a% %&c! o$ #

#%#&#o% $"$"%"#/ !" Ba", '&% a*a% " ""$c#%" #!# !" *#'#% of 'o$a*# a

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o "!a*f of !" a'#ca** coc"#" co''o /oo, acco$#/ o a @&$##ca* o$"$

"@o#/ *"/a* %a&%. W!" %&c! #% !" ca%" c##C"% a$" co%c#"c"-o& o o".D802E

,)5. The sub5ect of political authorit$ is the people considered in its entiret$ as those who

have sovereignt$. a$#o&% fo$'%, !#% "o*" $a%f"$% !" ""$c#%" of %o"$"#/ o !o%"!o' # f$""* "*"c% a% #% $"$"%"a#"%, & # $"%"$"% !" $"$o/a#" o a%%"$ !#%

%o"$"#/ # "a*&a#/ !" o$ of !o%" c!a$/" #! /o"$#/ a a*%o # $"*ac#/

!"' !" !" o o f&*f#* !"#$ f&c#o% %a#%faco$#*. A*!o&/! !#% $#/! #% o"$a#" #

""$ Ba" a # ""$ # of o*##ca* $"/#'", a "'oc$a#c fo$' of /o"$'", &" o

#% $oc"&$"% fo$ "$#f#ca#o, a**o% a /&a$a""% #% f&**"% a*#ca#o.D803E T!" '"$"

co%" of !" "o*" #% o, !o""$, %&ff#c#" fo$ co%#"$#/ @&% !" a% # !#c!

o*##ca* a&!o$# #% ""$c#%".

. Authority a$ &oral force

,). 8uthorit$ must be guided b$ the moral law& 8ll of its dignit$ derives from its being

e!ercised within the conte!t of the moral order ,D804E .which in turn has God for its first

source and final end/.D805E "ca&%" of #% "c"%%a$ $"f"$"c" o !" 'o$a* o$"$, !#c!

$"c""% # a #% #% a%#%, a "ca&%" of #% &$o%" a !" "o*" o !o' # #% #$"c",

a&!o$# cao " &"$%oo a% a o"$ ""$'#" c$#"$#a of a %o*"* %oc#o*o/#ca* o$

!#%o$#ca* c!a$ac"$. T!"$" a$" %o'" #"" !o /o %o fa$ a% o " !" "#%"c" of a

'o$a* o$"$ !#c! #% $a%c"", a%o*&", &#"$%a* a "L&a** ##/ &o a**. A

!"$" !" %a'" *a of @&%#c" #% o a!"$" o a**, '" cao !o" o co'" o o" af&** a/$""'" o #a* #%%&"%.D806E T!#% o$"$ !a% o "#%"c" "c" # +o; c& off

f$o' +o # '&% "c"%%a$#* #%#"/$a".D807E #% f$o' !" 'o$a* o$"$ !a a&!o$#

"$#"% #% o"$ o #'o%" o*#/a#o% D808E a #% 'o$a* *"/##'ac,D80=E o f$o' %o'"

a$#$a$ #** o$ f$o' !" !#$% fo$ o"$,D810E a # #% o $a%*a" !#% o$"$ #o coc$""

ac#o% o ac!#"" !" co''o /oo.D811E

,)!. 8uthorit$ must recogni6e respect and promote essential human and moral values.

T!"%" a$" #a" a f*o f$o' !" "$ $&! of !" !&'a "#/ a "$"%% a

%af"/&a$ !" #/# of !" "$%o; a*&"% !#c! o ###&a*, o 'a@o$# a o Ba" ca

""$ c$"a", 'o#f o$ "%$o.D812E T!"%" a*&"% o o !a" !"#$ fo&a#o #

$o#%#oa* a c!a/"a*" 'a@o$# o##o%, & '&% %#'* " $"co/#C", $"%"c"

a $o'o" a% "*"'"% of a o@"c#" 'o$a* *a, !" a&$a* *a $#" # !" !&'a

!"a$ (cf. -om2:15), a a% !" o$'a#" o# of $"f"$"c" fo$ c##* *a #%"*f.D813E f, a% a

$"%&* of !" $a/#c c*o&#/ of !" co**"c#" co%c#"c", %c"#c#%' "$" o %&cc"" #

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


ca%#/ o& o !" a%#c $#c#*"% of !" 'o$a* *a,D814E !" *"/a* %$&c&$" of !" Ba"

#%"*f o&* " %!a" o #% "$ fo&a#o%, "#/ $"&c" o o!#/ 'o$" !a a

'"c!a#%' fo$ !" $a/'a#c $"/&*a#o of #ff"$" a oo%#/ #"$"%%.D815E

,)". 8uthorit$ must enact 5ust laws that is laws that correspond to the dignit$ of the human person and to what is re2uired b$ right reason. H&'a *a #% *a #%ofa$ a% # co$$"%o%

o $#/! $"a%o a !"$"fo$" #% "$#" f$o' !" ""$a* *a. W!", !o""$, a *a #%

co$a$ o $"a%o, # #% ca**" a &@&% *a; # %&c! a ca%" # c"a%"% o " *a a "co'"%

#%"a a ac of #o*"c".D816E A&!o$# !a /o"$% acco$#/ o $"a%o *ac"% c##C"%

# a $"*a#o%!# o %o '&c! of %&@"c#o o ao!"$ "$%o a% of o"#"c" o !" 'o$a*

o$"$ a, !"$"fo$", o +o !#'%"*f !o #% #% &*#'a" %o&$c".D817E W!o""$ $"f&%"% o

o" a a&!o$# !a #% ac#/ # acco$ac" #! !" 'o$a* o$"$ $"%#%% !a +o !a%

ao#" ( -om 13:2).D818E Aa*o/o&%*, !"""$ &*#c a&!o$# > !#c! !a% #%

fo&a#o # !&'a a&$" a "*o/% o !" o$"$ $"-o$a#" +o D81=E > fa#*% o%"" !" co''o /oo, # aao% #% $o"$ &$o%" a %o "*"/##'#C"% #%"*f.

c. The ri;ht to con$cientiou$ o89ection

,)). Citi6ens are not obligated in conscience to follow the prescriptions of civil authorities if

their precepts are contrar$ to the demands of the moral order to the fundamental rights of

persons or to the teachings of the Gospel .D820E U@&% *a% o%" $a'a#c $o*"'% of

co%c#"c" fo$ 'o$a** &$#/! "o*": when the$ are called to cooperate in morall$ evil acts

the$ must refuse.D821E "%#"% "#/ a 'o$a* &, %&c! a $"f&%a* #% a*%o a a%#c !&'a $#/!!#c!, $"c#%"* a% %&c!, c##* *a #%"*f #% o*#/" o $"co/#C" a $o"c. T!o%" !o

!a" $"co&$%" o co%c#"#o&% o@"c#o '&% " $o"c" o o* f$o' *"/a* "a*#"% &

a*%o f$o' a "/a#" "ff"c% o !" *"/a*, #%c#*#a$, f#ac#a* a $of"%%#oa* *a".

D822E

It is a grave dut$ of conscience not to cooperate not even formall$ in practices which

although permitted b$ civil legislation are contrar$ to the +aw of God . B&c! coo"$a#o #

fac ca ""$ " @&%#f#", o #o#/ $"%"c fo$ !" f$""o' of o!"$% o$

a"a*#/ o !" fac !a # #% fo$"%"" a $"L&#$" c##* *a. No o" ca "%ca" !"

'o$a* $"%o%##*# fo$ ac#o% a", a a** #** " @&/" +o !#'%"*f a%" o !#%

$"%o%##*# (cf. -om 2:6; 14:12).

c. The ri;ht to re$i$t

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


-**. -ecogni6ing that natural law is the basis for and places limits on positive law means

admitting that it is legitimate to resist authorit$ should it violate in a serious or repeated

manner the essential principles of natural law. Ba# T!o'a% AL&#a% $#"% !a o" #%

o*#/" o o" ... #%ofa$ a% # #% $"L&#$" !" o$"$ of @&%#c".D823E Na&$a* *a #%

!"$"fo$" !" a%#% of !" $#/! o $"%#%ac".

T!"$" ca " 'a #ff"$" coc$"" a% !#% $#/! 'a " ""$c#%"; !"$" a$" a*%o 'a

#ff"$" ends !a 'a " &$%&". R"%#%ac" o a&!o$# #% '"a o a"% o !" a*##

of a #ff"$" a of *oo#/ a !#/%, !"!"$ !" #" #% o ac!#"" a$#a* c!a/", fo$

"a'*", 'o#f#/ c"$a# *a%, o$ o f#/! fo$ a $a#ca* c!a/" # !" %#&a#o.

-*+. The Church's social doctrine indicates the criteria for e!ercising the right to resistance:

A$'" $"%#%ac" o o$"%%#o o*##ca* a&!o$# #% o *"/##'a", &*"%% a** !"

fo**o#/ co##o% a$" '": 1) !"$" #% c"$a#, /$a" a $o*o/" #o*a#o off&a'"a* $#/!%, 2) a** o!"$ '"a% of $"$"%% !a" "" "!a&%", 3) %&c! $"%#%ac" #**

o $oo" o$%" #%o$"$%, 4) !"$" #% "**-fo&" !o" of %&cc"%%; a 5) # #% #'o%%#*"

$"a%oa* o fo$"%"" a ""$ %o*&#o.D824E R"co&$%" o a$'% #% %"" a% a "$"'"

$"'" fo$ &#/ a " o a 'a#f"%, *o/-%a#/ $a !#c! o&* o /$"a

a'a/" o f&a'"a* "$%oa* $#/!% a a/"$o&% !a$' o !" co''o /oo of !"

co&$.D825E T!" /$a# of !" a/"$ !a $"co&$%" o #o*"c" "a#*% oa 'a"% #

$"f"$a*" # a ca%" !a passive resistance " $ac#%", !#c! #% a a 'o$"

cofo$'a*" o 'o$a* $#c#*"% a !a#/ o *"%% $o%"c% fo$ %&cc"%%.D826E

". Inflictin; :uni$h&ent

-*2. In order to protect the common good the lawful public authorit$ must e!ercise the right

and the dut$ to inflict punishments according to the seriousness of the crimes

committed D827E. T!" Ba" !a% !" ofo* $"%o%##*# o discourage "!a#o&$ !a #%

!a$'f&* o !&'a $#/!% a !" f&a'"a* o$'% of c##* *#f", a o repair , !$o&/! !"

"a* %%"', !" #%o$"$ c$"a" c$#'#a* ac##. a (tate ruled b$ law !" o"$ o

#f*#c &#%!'" #% co$$"c* "$&%" o !" o&$%: "f##/ !" $o"$ $"*a#o%!#%

""" !" *"/#%*a#", ""c&#" a @&#c#a* o"$%, !" o%#&#o% of 'o"$ Ba"%

/&a$a"" !" @&#c#a* o"$ !" "c"%%a$ #"""c" # !" $"a*' of *a.D828E

-*,. &#%!'" o"% o %"$" '"$"* !" &$o%" of "f"#/ !" &*#c o$"$ a

/&a$a""#/ !" %af" of "$%o%; # "co'"% a% "** a #%$&'" fo$ !" co$$"c#o of !"

off""$, a co$$"c#o !a a*%o a"% o !" 'o$a* a*&" of "#a#o !" !" /&#* a$

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o*&a$#* acc"% !#% &#%!'".D82=E T!"$" #% a ofo* &$o%" !"$". O !" o" !a,

"co&$a/#/ !" $"-#%"$#o of !" co"'" "$%o #o %oc#"; o !" o!"$, fo%"$#/ a

@&%#c" !a $"coc#*"%, a @&%#c" caa*" of $"%o$#/ !a$'o # %oc#a* $"*a#o%!#%

#%$&" !" c$#'#a* ac co''#".

In this regard the activit$ that prison chaplains are called to undertake is important not

onl$ in the specificall$ religious dimension of this activit$ but also in defence of the dignit$

of those detained . Ufo$&a"*, !" co##o% &"$ !#c! $#%o"$% %"$" !"#$ #'" o

o a*a% fo%"$ $"%"c fo$ !"#$ #/#; a of", $#%o% "co'" *ac"% !"$" "

c$#'"% a$" co''#". No"!"*"%%, !" "#$o'" of "a* #%#&#o% off"$% a $##*"/"

fo$&' fo$ "a$#/ #"%% oc" 'o$" o !$#%#a coc"$ fo$ %oc#a* #%%&"%: a% ... #

$#%o a o& ca'" o '" ( *t 25:35-36).

-*-. The activit$ of offices charged with establishing criminal responsibilit$ which is alwa$s personal in character must strive to be a meticulous search for truth and must be conducted

in full respect for the dignit$ and rights of the human person# !#% '"a% /&a$a""#/ !"

$#/!% of !" /&#* a% "** a% !o%" of !" #oc". T!" @&$##ca* $#c#*" !#c!

&#%!'" cao " #f*#c" #f a c$#'" !a% o f#$% "" $o" '&% " o$" # '#.

ca$$#/ o& #"%#/a#o%, !" $"/&*a#o a/a#% !" &%" of o$&$", "" # !" ca%" of

%"$#o&% c$#'"%, '&% " %$#c* o%"$": !$#%% #%c#*" $"f&%"% ""$ $"co&$%" o %&c!

'"!o%, !#c! o!#/ co&* @&%#f a # !#c! !" #/# of 'a #% a% '&c! "a%" #

!#% o$&$"$ a% # !" o$&$"$% #c#'.D830E "$a#oa* @&$##ca* #%$&'"% coc"$#/!&'a $#/!% co$$"c* ##ca" a $o!###o a/a#% o$&$" a% a $#c#*" !#c! cao "

co$a"" &"$ a c#$c&'%ac"%.

?#"#%" $&*" o& #% !" &%" of ""#o fo$ !" %o*" &$o%" of $#/ o oa# %#/#f#ca

#fo$'a#o fo$ !" $#a*.D831E Mo$"o"$, # '&% " "%&$" !a $#a*% a$" co&c"

%#f*: !"#$ "c"%%#" *"/! #% "co'#/ #o*"$a*" fo$ c##C"% a $"%&*% # a $"a*

#@&%#c".D832E

Officials of the court are especiall$ called to e!ercise due discretion in their investigations %oa% o o #o*a" !" $#/!% of !" acc&%" o cof#"#a*# a # o$"$ o o &"$'#" !"

$#c#*" of !" $"%&'#o of #oc"c". B#c" "" @&/"% ca 'a" '#%a"%, # #% $o"$

!a !" *a $o#" fo$ %&#a*" co'"%a#o fo$ #c#'% of @&#c#a* "$$o$%.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


-*5. The Church sees as a sign of hope .a growing public opposition to the death penalt$,

"" !" %&c! a "a* #% %"" a% a # of I*"/##'a" "f"c" o !" a$ of %oc#".

Mo"$ %oc#" # fac !a% !" '"a% of "ff"c#"* %&$"%%#/ c$#'" $""$#/ c$#'#a*%

!a$'*"%% #!o& "f###"* "#/ !"' !" c!ac" o $"fo$'.D833E W!"$"a%, $"%&'#/

!" f&** a%c"$a#'" of !" #"# a $"%o%##*# of !" /&#* a$, !" $a##oa*"ac!#/ of !" !&$c! o"% o "c*&" !" "a! "a* !" !#% #% !" o* $ac#ca*"

a o "f" !" *#"% of !&'a "#/% "ff"c#"* a/a#% !" a//$"%%o$.D834E *oo*"%%

'"!o% of ""$$"c" a &#%!'" a$" $"f"$$" a% !" ""$ co$$"%o o !"

coc$"" co##o% of !" co''o /oo a a$" 'o$" # cofo$'# o !" #/# of !"

!&'a "$%o.D835E T!" /$o#/ &'"$ of co&$#"% ao#/ $o#%#o% o ao*#%! !"

"a! "a* o$ %&%" #% a*#ca#o #% a*%o $oof of !" fac !a ca%"% # !#c! # #%

a%o*&"* "c"%%a$ o ""c&" !" off""$ a$" "$ $a$", #f o $ac#ca** o-"#%".

D836E T!" /$o#/ a"$%#o of &*#c o##o oa$% !" "a! "a* a !" a$#o&%

$o#%#o% a#'" a ao*#%!#/ # o$ %&%"#/ #% a*#ca#o co%#&" #%#*"

'a#f"%a#o% of a !"#/!"" 'o$a* aa$""%%.

I/. THE E<CRATIC SSTE<

-*. The Enc$clical Centesimus 8nnus contains an e!plicit and articulate 5udgment with

regard to democrac$: T!" !&$c! a*&"% !" "'oc$a#c %%"' #a%'&c! a% # "%&$"% !"

a$#c#a#o of c##C"% # 'a#/ o*##ca* c!o#c"%, /&a$a""% o !" /o"$" !"

o%%##*# o! of "*"c#/ a !o*#/ acco&a*" !o%" !o /o"$ !"', a of $"*ac#/

!"' !$o&/! "ac"f&* '"a% !" a$o$#a". T!&% %!" cao "co&$a/" !" fo$'a#o of

a$$o $&*#/ /$o&% !#c! &%&$ !" o"$ of !" Ba" fo$ ###&a* #"$"%% o$ fo$

#"o*o/#ca* "%. A&!"#c "'oc$ac #% o%%#*" o* # a Ba" $&*" *a, a o !"

a%#% of a co$$"c coc"#o of !" !&'a "$%o. $"L&#$"% !a !" "c"%%a$ co##o%

" $"%" fo$ !" aac"'" o! of !" ###&a* !$o&/! "&ca#o a fo$'a#o #

$&" #"a*%, a of !" I%&@"c## of %oc#" !$o&/! !" c$"a#o of %$&c&$"% of

a$#c#a#o a %!a$" $"%o%##*#.D837E

a. /alue$ and de&ocracy

-*!. A a&!"#c "'oc$ac #% o '"$"* !" $"%&* of a fo$'a* o%"$a#o of a %" of $&*"%

& #% !" f$&# of a co#c" acc"ac" of !" a*&"% !a #%#$" "'oc$a#c $oc"&$"%:

!" #/# of ""$ !&'a "$%o, !" $"%"c of !&'a $#/!%, co''#'" o !" co''o

/oo a% !" &$o%" a /&##/ c$#"$#o fo$ o*##ca* *#f". f !"$" #% o /""$a* co%"%&%

o !"%" a*&"%, !" """% '"a#/ of "'oc$ac #% *o% a #% %a#*# #% co'$o'#%".




7/26/2019 678 yaranon


The Church's social doctrine sees ethical relativism which maintains that there are no

ob5ective or universal criteria for establishing the foundations of a correct hierarch$ of

values as one of the greatest threats to modern7da$ democracies. Noaa% !"$" #% a

""c o c*a#' !a a/o%#c#%' a %"#ca* $"*a##%' a$" !" !#*o%o! a !" a%#c

a#&" !#c! co$$"%o o "'oc$a#c fo$'% of o*##ca* *#f". T!o%" !o a$" co#c"!a !" o !" $&! a f#$'* a!"$" o # a$" co%#"$" &$"*#a*" f$o' a "'oc$a#c

o# of #", %#c" !" o o acc" !a $&! #% ""$'#" !" 'a@o$#, o$ !a # #%

%&@"c o a$#a#o acco$#/ o #ff"$" o*##ca* $"%. '&% " o%"$" # !#% $"/a$

!a #f !"$" #% o &*#'a" $&! o /&#" a #$"c o*##ca* ac#o, !" #"a% a

co#c#o% ca "a%#* " 'a#&*a" fo$ $"a%o% of o"$. A% !#%o$ "'o%$a"%, a

"'oc$ac #!o& a*&"% "a%#* &$% #o o" o$ !#* #%/&#%" oa*#a$#a#%'.D838E

G"'oc$ac #% f&a'"a** a I%%"' a a% %&c! #% a '"a% a o a ". % I'o$a*

a*&" #% o a&o'a#c, & ""% o cofo$'# o !" 'o$a* *a o !#c! #, *#" ""$

o!"$ fo$' of !&'a "!a#o&$, '&% " %&@"c: # o!"$ o$%, #% 'o$a*# ""% o !"

'o$a*# of !" "% !#c! # &$%&"% a of !" '"a% !#c! # "'*o%.D83=E

. In$titution$ and de&ocracy

-*". The *agisterium recogni6es the validit$ of the principle concerning the division of

powers in a (tate: # #% $"f"$a*" !a "ac! o"$ " a*ac" o!"$ o"$% a o!"$

%!"$"% of $"%o%##*# !#c! "" # #!# $o"$ o&%. T!#% #% !" $#c#*" of !"

I$&*" of *a, # !#c! !" *a #% %o"$"#/, a o !" a$#$a$ #** of ###&a*%.D840E

In the democratic s$stem political authorit$ is accountable to the people. R"$"%"a#"

o#"% '&% " %&@"c" o "ff"c#" %oc#a* co$o*. T!#% co$o* ca " ca$$#" o& ao" a**

# f$"" "*"c#o% !#c! a**o !" %"*"c#o a c!a/" of $"$"%"a#"%. T!" o*#/a#o o

!" a$ of !o%" "*"c" o give an accounting of !"#$ o$ > !#c! #% /&a$a""

$"%"c#/ "*"co$a* "$'% > #% a co%#&#" "*"'" of "'oc$a#c $"$"%"a#o.

-*). In their specific areas ?drafting laws governing setting up s$stems of checks and

balances@ elected officials must strive to seek and attain that which will contribute to

making civil life proceed well in its overall course.D841E

T!o%" !o /o"$ !a" !" o*#/a#o o a%"$ o !o%" /o"$", & !#% o"% o # !"

*"a% #'* !a $"$"%"a#"% a$" '"$"* a%%#" a/"% of !" "*"co$%. T!" co$o*

""$c#%" !" c##C"% o"% o # fac "c*&" !" f$""o' !a "*"c" off#c#a*% '&%

"@o # o$"$ o f&*f#* !"#$ 'aa" #! $"%"c o !" o@"c#"% o " &$%&". T!"%" o

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


o "" "c*&%#"* o %"c#a* #"$"%%, & # a '&c! /$"a"$ a$ o !" f&c#o of

%!"%#% a '"#a#o !a %"$" !" co''o /oo, o" of !" "%%"#a* a ##%"%a*"

/oa*% of o*##ca* a&!o$#.

c. <oral co&:onent$ of :olitical re:re$entation

-+*. Those with political responsibilities must not forget or underestimate the moral

dimension of political representation, !#c! co%#%% # !" co''#'" o %!a$" f&** # !"

"%# of !" "o*" a o %"" %o*&#o% o %oc#a* $o*"'%. !#% "$%"c#",

$"%o%#*" a&!o$# a*%o '"a% a&!o$# ""$c#%" #! !o%" #$&"% !a 'a" # o%%#*"

o put power into practice as service D842E (a#"c", 'o"%, 'o"$a#o, c!a$#, "ffo$% o

%!a$"), a a&!o$# ""$c#%" "$%o% !o a$" a*" o acc" !" co''o /oo, a o

$"%#/" o$ !" /a##/ of "$%oa* aaa/"%, a% !" $&" /oa* of !"#$ o$.

-++. 8mong the deformities of the democratic s$stem political corruption is one of the most

serious D843E because it betra$s at one and the same time both moral principles and the

norms of social 5ustice& co'$o'#%"% !" co$$"c f&c#o#/ of !" Ba", !a#/ a

"/a#" #f*&"c" o !" $"*a#o%!# """ !o%" !o /o"$ a !" /o"$". ca&%"%

a /$o#/ #%$&% #! $"%"c o &*#c #%#&#o%, $#/#/ ao& a $o/$"%%#"

#%aff"c#o # !" c##C"% #! $"/a$ o o*##c% a #% $"$"%"a#"%, #! a $"%&*#/

"a"#/ of #%#&#o%. o$$&#o $a#ca** #%o$% !" $o*" of $"$"%"a#" #%#&#o%,

"ca&%" !" "co'" a a$"a fo$ o*##ca* a$"$#/ """ c*#"% $"L&"%% a

/o"$'"a* %"$#c"%. !#% a o*##ca* c!o#c"% fao&$ !" a$$o o@"c#"% of !o%"!o o%%"%% !" '"a% o #f*&"c" !"%" c!o#c"% a a$" a o%ac*" o $#/#/ ao& !"

co''o /oo of a** c##C"%.

-+2. A% a #%$&'" of !" Ba", &*#c a'##%$a#o a a *""* > a#oa*, $"/#oa*,

co''&# > #% o$#"" oa$% !" %"$#c" of c##C"%: "#/ a !" %"$#c" of #% c##C"%,

!" Ba" #% !" %"a$ of !" "o*"% $"%o&$c"%, !#c! # '&% a'##%"$ #! a #" o !"

co''o /oo.D844E c"%%#" &$"a&c$a#Ca#o #% co$a$ o !#% #%#o a a$#%"% !"

#%#&#o% "co'" co'*" # !"#$ o$/a#Ca#o a $"" o 'aa/" ""$ a$"a a

!a. !" " !" *o%" !"#$ "ff"c#""%% a% a $"%&* of a #'"$%oa* f&c#oa*#%', a

o"$/$o &$"a&c$ac, &@&% $#a" #"$"%% a a a**-oo-"a% a /""$a*#C"

#%"/a/"'" f$o' a %"%" of &.D845E T!" $o*" of !o%" o$#/ # &*#c

a'##%$a#o #% o o " coc"#" a% #'"$%oa* o$ &$"a&c$a#c, & $a!"$ a% a ac of

/""$o&% a%%#%ac" fo$ c##C"%, &"$a" #! a %#$# of %"$#c".

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


. In$tru&ent$ for :olitical :artici:ation

-+,. Political parties have the task of fostering widespread participation and making public

responsibilities accessible to all . o*##ca* a$#"% a$" ca**" o #"$$" !" a%#$a#o% of

c##* %oc#", o$#"#/ !"' oa$% !" co''o /oo,D846E off"$#/ c##C"% !" "ff"c#" o%%##*# of co$#&#/ o !" fo$'&*a#o of o*##ca* c!o#c"%. T!" '&% " "'oc$a#c

# !"#$ #"$a* %$&c&$", a caa*" of o*##ca* %!"%#% a *a#/.

8nother instrument of political participation is the referendum, !"$" a fo$' of #$"c

acc"%% o o*##ca* "c#%#o% #% $ac#%". T!" #%#&#o of $"$"%"a#o # fac o"% o

"c*&" !" o%%##*# of a%#/ c##C"% #$"c* ao& !" "c#%#o% of /$"a #'o$ac" fo$

%oc#a* *#f".

". Infor&ation and de&ocracy

-+-. Information is among the principal instruments of democratic participation.

a$#c#a#o #!o& a &"$%a#/ of !" %#&a#o of !" o*##ca* co''&#, !" fac%

a !" $oo%" %o*&#o% o $o*"'% #% &!#a*". #% "c"%%a$ o /&a$a"" a $"a*

*&$a*#%' # !#% "*#ca" a$"a of %oc#a* *#f", "%&$#/ !a !"$" a$" 'a fo$'% a

#%$&'"% of #fo$'a#o a co''&#ca#o%. #% *#"#%" "c"%%a$ o fac#*#a"

co##o% of "L&a*# # !" o%%"%%#o a &%" of !"%" #%$&'"% '"a% of a$o$#a"

*a%. A'o/ !" o%ac*"% !a !#"$ !" f&** ""$c#%" of !" $#/! o o@"c## #

#fo$'a#o,D847E %"c#a* a"#o '&% " /#" o !" !"o'"o of !" "% '"#a "#/ co$o**" @&% a f" "o*" o$ /$o&%. T!#% !a% a/"$o&% "ff"c% fo$ !" "#$"

"'oc$a#c %%"' !" !#% !"o'"o #% acco'a#" ""$ c*o%"$ #"% """

/o"$'"a* ac## a !" f#ac#a* a #fo$'a#o "%a*#%!'"%.

-+5. T!" '"#a '&% " &%" o &#* & a %&%a# !" !&'a co''&# # #% #ff"$"

%"co$%: "coo'#c, o*##ca*, c&*&$a*, "&ca#oa* a $"*#/#o&%.D848E T!" #fo$'a#o

$o#" !" '"#a #% a !" %"$#c" of !" co''o /oo. Boc#" !a% a $#/! o

#fo$'a#o a%" o $&!, f$""o', @&%#c" a %o*#a$#.D84=E

T!" "%%"#a* L&"%#o #% !"!"$ !" c&$$" #fo$'a#o %%"' #% co$#&#/ o !"

""$'" of !" !&'a "$%o; !a #%, o"% # 'a" "o*" 'o$" %#$#&a** 'a&$", 'o$"

aa$" of !" #/# of !"#$ !&'a#, 'o$" $"%o%#*" o$ 'o$" o" o o!"$%, # a$#c&*a$

o !" ""#"% a !" "a"%. A f&$!"$ a%"c of /$"a #'o$ac" #% !" $"L&#%#" !a "

"c!o*o/#"% $"%"c *"/##'a" c&*&$a* #ff"$"c"%.

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


-+. In the world of the media the intrinsic difficulties of communications are often

e!acerbated b$ ideolog$ the desire for profit and political control rivalr$ and conflicts

between groups and other social evils. Mo$a* a*&"% a $#c#*"% a* a*%o o !" '"#a.

T!" "!#ca* #'"%#o $"*a"% o @&% o !" co" of co''&#ca#o (!" '"%%a/") a

!" $oc"%% of co''&#ca#o (!o !" co''&#ca#/ #% o") & o f&a'"a*%$&c&$a* a %%"'#c #%%&"%, of" #o*#/ *a$/" L&"%#o% of o*#c "a$#/ &o !"

#%$#&#o of %o!#%#ca" "c!o*o/ a $o&c (!o %!a** " #fo$'a#o $#c! a !o

%!a** " #fo$'a#o oo$).D850E

In all three areas the message the process and structural issues one fundamental

moral principle alwa$s applies4 the human person and the human communit$ are the end

and measure of the use of the media. 8 second principle is complementar$ to the first4 the

good of human beings cannot be attained independentl$ of the common good of the

communit$ to which the$ belong .D851E #% "c"%%a$ !a c##C"% a$#c#a" # !" "c#%#o-'a#/ $oc"%% coc"$#/ '"#a o*#c#"%. T!#% a$#c#a#o, !#c! #% o " &*#c, !a% o

" /"&#"* $"$"%"a#" a o %"" # fao&$ of %"c#a* #"$"% /$o&% !" !"

'"#a a$" a 'o"-'a#/ "&$".D852E

/. THE PLITICAL C<<04IT

AT THE SER/ICE 1 CI/IL SCIET

a. /alue of civil $ociety

-+!. The political communit$ is established to be of service to civil societ$ from which it

originates. T!" !&$c! !a% co$#&" o !" #%#c#o """ !" o*##ca* co''&#

a c##* %oc#" ao" a** !"$ #%#o of 'a, &"$%oo a% a a&oo'o&%, $"*a#oa*

"#/ !o #% o" o !" T$a%c"". T!#% #%#o #% c!a**"/" o*##ca* #"o*o/#"% of a

###&a*#%#c a&$" a !o%" of a oa*#a$#a c!a$ac"$, !#c! " o a%o$ c##* %oc#"

#o !" %!"$" of !" Ba". T!" !&$c!% co''#'" o "!a*f of %oc#a* *&$a*#%' a#'% a

$#/#/ ao& a 'o$" f##/ aa#'" of !" co''o /oo a "'oc$ac #%"*f,

acco$#/ o !" $#c#*"% of %o*#a$#, %&%##a$# a @&%#c".

Civil societ$ is the sum of relationships and resources cultural and associative that are

relativel$ independent from the political sphere and the economic sector . T!" &$o%" of

c##* %oc#" #% &#"$%a*, %#c" # coc"$% !" co''o /oo, o !#c! "ac! a ""$

c##C" !a% a $#/! # &" $oo$#o.D853E T!#% #% 'a$" a *a#/ caac# !a a#'%

a fo%"$#/ a f$""$ a 'o$" @&% %oc#a* *#f", # !#c! !" a$#o&% /$o&% of c##C"% ca fo$'

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


a%%oc#a#o%, o$#/ o ""*o a "$"%% !"#$ $"f"$"c"%, # o$"$ o '"" !"#$

f&a'"a* ""% a "f" !"#$ *"/##'a" #"$"%%.

. Priority of civil $ociety

-+". The political communit$ and civil societ$ although mutuall$ connected and

interdependent are not e2ual in the hierarch$ of ends. T!" o*##ca* co''&# #% "%%"#a**

a !" %"$#c" of c##* %oc#" a, # !" f#a* aa*%#%, !" "$%o% a /$o&% of !#c! c##*

%oc#" #% co'o%".D854E ##* %oc#", !"$"fo$", cao " co%#"$" a ""%#o o$ a

c!a/#/ co'o" of !" o*##ca* co''&#; $a!"$, # !a% $#o$# "ca&%" # #% # c##*

%oc#" #%"*f !a !" o*##ca* co''&# f#% #% @&%#f#ca#o.

The (tate must provide an ade2uate legal framework for social sub5ects to engage freel$ in

their different activities and it must be read$ to intervene when necessar$ and with respect for the principle of subsidiarit$, %o !a !" #"$*a """ f$"" a%%oc#a#o% a

"'oc$a#c *#f" 'a " #$"c" o !" co''o /oo. ##* %oc#" #% # fac '&*#fac""

a #$$"/&*a$; # o"% o *ac #% a'#/&##"% a co$a#c#o%. #% a*%o !" a$"a !"$"

#ff"$" #"$"%% c*a%! #! o" ao!"$, #! !" $#% !a !" %$o/"$ #** $"a#* o"$ !"

"a"$.

c. A::lication of the :rinci:le of $u8$idiarity

-+). T!" o*##ca* co''&# #% $"%o%#*" fo$ $"/&*a#/ #% $"*a#o% #! c##* %oc#"acco$#/ o !" $#c#*" of %&%##a$#.D855E #% "%%"#a* !a !" /$o! of "'oc$a#c

*#f" "/# #!# !" fa$#c of %oc#". T!" ac###"% of c##* %oc#" > ao" a** o*&""$

o$/a#Ca#o% a coo"$a#" ""ao&$% # !" $#a"-%oc#a* %"co$, a** of !#c! a$"

%&cc#c* o a% !" !#$ %"co$, o #%#L&#%! f$o' !" Ba" a !" 'a$" >

$"$"%" !" 'o% a$o$#a" a% o ""*o !" %oc#a* #'"%#o of !" "$%o, !o f#%

# !"%" ac###"% !" "c"%%a$ %ac" o "$"%% !#'%"*f f&**. T!" $o/$"%%#" "a%#o of

%oc#a* ###a#"% "o !" Ba"- co$o**" %!"$" c$"a"% " a$"a% fo$ !" ac#"

$"%"c" a #$"c ac#o of c##C"%, #"/$a#/ !" f&c#o% of !" Ba". T!#% #'o$a

!"o'"o !a% of" co'" ao& *a$/"* !$o&/! #fo$'a* '"a% a !a% /#" $#%" o "a o%##" a% of ""$c#%#/ "$%oa* $#/!%, !#c! !a" $o&/! ao& a L&a*#a#"

"$#c!'" of "'oc$a#c *#f".

-2*. Cooperation even in its less structured forms shows itself to be one of the most

effective responses to a mentalit$ of conflict and unlimited competition that seems so

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


prevalent toda$. T!" $"*a#o%!#% !a a$" "%a*#%!" # a c*#'a" of coo"$a#o a

%o*#a$# o"$co'" #"o*o/#ca* ##%#o%, $o'#/ "o*" o %"" o& !a &#"% !"'

$a!"$ !a !a ##"% !"'.

*an$ e!periences of volunteer work are e!amples of great value that call people to lookupon civil societ$ as a place where it is possible to rebuild a public ethic based on solidarit$

concrete cooperation and fraternal dialogue. A** a$" ca**" o *oo #! cof#"c" o !"

o"#a*##"% !a !&% $"%" !"'%"*"% a o *" !"#$ o "$%oa* "ffo$% fo$ !" /oo

of !" co''&# # /""$a* a, # a$#c&*a$, fo$ !" /oo of !" "a"% a !" ""#"%.

!#% a, !" $#c#*" of !" %&@"c## of %oc#" #% a*%o aff#$'".D856E

/I. THE STATE A4 RELI3I0S C<<04ITIES

A. RELI3I0S 1REE<% A 104A<E4TAL H0<A4 RI3HT

-2+. The (econd Aatican Council committed the Catholic Church to the promotion of

religious freedom. T!" G"c*a$a#o 9ignitatis )umanae "*a#% # #% %&#*" !a # #"%

o $oc*a#' !" $#/! of !" "$%o a of co''&##"% o %oc#a* a c##* f$""o' #

$"*#/#o&% 'a"$%. o$"$ !a !#% f$""o', #**" +o a #%c$#" # !&'a a&$",

'a " ""$c#%", o o%ac*" %!o&* " *ac" # #% a, %#c" !" $&! cao "

#'o%" "c" #$&" of #% o $&!.D857E T!" #/# of !" "$%o a !" "$

a&$" of !" L&"% fo$ +o $"L&#$" !a a** '" a o'" %!o&* " f$"" f$o' ""$

co%$a# # !" a$"a of $"*#/#o.D858E Boc#" a !" Ba" '&% o fo$c" a "$%o o aca/a#% !#% co%c#"c" o$ $"" !#' f$o' ac#/ # cofo$'# #! #.D85=E R"*#/#o&%

f$""o' #% o a 'o$a* *#c"c" o a!"$" o "$$o$, o$ a% a #'*#c# $#/! o "$$o$.D860E

-22. 1reedom of conscience and religion .concerns man both individuall$ and sociall$.

D861E T!" $#/! o $"*#/#o&% f$""o' '&% " $"co/#C" # !" @&$##ca* o$"$ a %ac#o"

a% a c##* $#/!; D862E o"!"*"%%, # #% o of #%"*f a &*#'#" $#/!. T!" 5ust limits of !"

""$c#%" of $"*#/#o&% f$""o' '&% " ""$'#" # "ac! %oc#a* %#&a#o #! o*##ca*

$&"c", acco$#/ o !" $"L&#$"'"% of !" co''o /oo, a $a#f#" !" c##*

a&!o$# !$o&/! *"/a* o$'% co%#%" #! !" o@"c#" 'o$a* o$"$. B&c! o$'% a$"$"L&#$" !" "" fo$ !" "ff"c#" %af"/&a$#/ of !" $#/!% of a** c##C"% a fo$ !"

"ac"f&* %"*"'" of cof*#c% of $#/!%, a*%o !" "" fo$ a a"L&a" ca$" of /"&#"

&*#c "ac", !#c! co'"% ao& !" '" *#" o/"!"$ # /oo o$"$ a # $&" @&%#c",

a f#a** !" "" fo$ a $o"$ /&a$#a%!# of &*#c 'o$a*#.D863E

http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html

http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


-2,. %ecause of its historical and cultural ties to a nation a religious communit$ might be

given special recognition on the part of the (tate& (uch recognition must in no wa$ create

discrimination within the civil or social order for other religious groups.D864E T!" #%#o of

!" $"*a#o% """ Ba"% a $"*#/#o&% o$/a#Ca#o% $o'o" !" B"co a#ca

o&c#* co$$"%o% o !" $"L&#$"'"% of a Ba" $&*" *a a o !" o$'% of#"$a#oa* *a.D865E T!" !&$c! #% "** aa$" !a !#% #%#o #% o %!a$" a**; !"

$#/! o $"*#/#o&% f$""o', &fo$&a"*, #% "#/ #o*a" 'a Ba"%, "" o !" o#

!a #'a$#/ ca"c!"%#%, !a#/ # #'a$", a $"c"##/ # "co'" &#%!a*" off"c"%.

D866E

. THE CATHLIC CH0RCH A4 THE PLITICAL C<<04IT

a. Autono&y and inde:endence

-2-. 8lthough the Church and the political communit$ both manifest themselves in visible

organi6ational structures the$ are b$ nature different because of their configuration and

because of the ends the$ pursue& T!" B"co a#ca o&c#* %o*"'* $"aff#$'" !a, #

!"#$ $o"$ %!"$"%, !" o*##ca* co''&# a !" !&$c! a$" '&&a** #""" a

%"*f-/o"$#/.D867E T!" !&$c! #% o$/a#C" # a% !a a$" %&#a*" o '"" !" %#$#&a*

""% of !" fa#!f&*, !#*" !" #ff"$" o*##ca* co''&##"% /#" $#%" o $"*a#o%!#% a

#%#&#o% !a a$" a !" %"$#c" of ""$!#/ !a #% a$ of !" "'o$a* co''o /oo.

T!" a&oo' a #"""c" of !"%" o $"a*##"% #% a$#c&*a$* "#" #! $"/a$% o

!"#$ "%.

T!" & o $"%"c $"*#/#o&% f$""o' $"L&#$"% !a !" o*##ca* co''&# /&a$a"" !"

!&$c! !" %ac" """ o ca$$ o& !"$ '#%%#o. <o$ !"$ a$, !" !&$c! !a% o a$#c&*a$

a$"a of co'""c" coc"$#/ !" %$&c&$"% of !" o*##ca* co''&#: T!" !&$c!

$"%"c% !" legitimate autonom$ of the democratic order a #% o "#*" o "$"%%

$"f"$"c"% fo$ !#% o$ !a #%#&#oa* o$ co%#&#oa* %o*&#o,D868E o$ o"% # "*o/ o

!"$ o ""$ #o L&"%#o% of !" '"$# of o*##ca* $o/$a''"%, "c" a% coc"$% !"#$

$"*#/#o&% o$ 'o$a* #'*#ca#o%.

. Coo:eration

-25. The mutual autonom$ of the Church and the political communit$ does not entail a

separation that e!cludes cooperation& o! of !"', a*!o&/! #ff"$" #*"%, %"$" !"

"$%oa* a %oc#a* oca#o of !" %a'" !&'a "#/%. T!" !&$c! a !" o*##ca*

7/26/2019 678 yaranon


co''&#, # fac, "$"%% !"'%"*"% # o$/a#C" %$&c&$"% !a a$" o "% #

!"'%"*"% & a$" #"" fo$ !" %"$#c" of 'a, o !"* !#' o ""$c#%" !#% $#/!% f&**,

!o%" #!"$" # !#% $"a*# a% a c##C" a a !$#%#a, a o f&*f#* co$$"c* !#%

co$$"%o#/ &#"%. T!" !&$c! a !" o*##ca* co''&# ca 'o$" "ff"c#"* $""$

!#% %"$#c" fo$ !" /oo of a** #f "ac! o$% ""$ fo$ !o*"%o'" '&&a* coo"$a#o # aa %&#a*" o !" c#$c&'%ac"% of #'" a *ac".D86=E

-2. The Church has the right to the legal recognition of her proper identit$ . $"c#%"*

"ca&%" !"$ '#%%#o "'$ac"% a** of !&'a $"a*#, !" !&$c!, %"%#/ !a %!" #% $&* a

##'a"* *#" #! 'a# a #% !#%o$,D870E c*a#'% !" f$""o' o "$"%% !"$

'o$a* @&/'" o !#% $"a*#, !"""$ # 'a " $"L&#$" o "f" !" f&a'"a* $#/!%

of !" "$%o o$ fo$ !" %a*a#o of %o&*%.D871E

T!" !&$c! !"$"fo$" %""%: f$""o' of "$"%%#o, "ac!#/ a "a/"*#Ca#o; f$""o' of &*#c o$%!#; f$""o' of o$/a#Ca#o a of !"$ o #"$a* /o"$'"; f$""o' of

%"*"c#/, "&ca#/, a'#/ a $a%f"$$#/ !"$ '##%"$%; f$""o' fo$ co%$&c#/

$"*#/#o&% &#*#/%; f$""o' o acL&#$" a o%%"%% %&ff#c#" /oo% fo$ !"$ ac##; a

f$""o' o fo$' a%%oc#a#o% o o* fo$ $"*#/#o&% &$o%"% & a*%o fo$ "&ca#oa*,

c&*&$a*, !"a*! ca$" a c!a$#a*" &$o%"%.D872E

-2!. In order to prevent or attenuate possible conflicts between the Church and the political

communit$ the 5uridical e!perience of the Church and the (tate have variousl$ defined

stable forms of contact and suitable instruments for guaranteeing harmonious relations. T!#%""$#"c" #% a "%%"#a* $"f"$"c" o# fo$ a** ca%"% # !#c! !" Ba" !a% !" $"%&'#o

o #a" !" !&$c!% a$"a of ac#o, #'a#$#/ !" f$""o' of !"$ ac## o !" o# of

o"* "$%"c&#/ !"$ o$, #c" "$%a, fo$ ca%"% # !#c! c!&$c! o$/a#Ca#o% o o ac

$o"$* #! $"%"c o !" Ba".

678 yaranon

Documents

Transcript of 678 yaranon