?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J...

14
?6 - VV : i)li. oUi^ H6 / VYA i^iy.Jb £i>"- W/ VU : JJ^J ~.>- « V t ij>- ^\ji)*j$s[f- (_gLji (jL*jJ^ ^^i'^i i.s*^*-^'' J <4**^"' tijd^i C~J^~~a *~b cf^Jji j+0^" (j~*Jji j ' LJJJS j) (j-kj j jl>-i j) *^I)(£J2J TvT ajJT e ^ t **Jj-*J a aJT . C~ml ai t>(4J jolp U (^uJ^ J <****£' Oji*^ 4jt J) JSJO (5'y L^J^ JJ^ *i- c ^\ a ^ oilii^l AJA *ls j i (jl <u£^>- ^ ^ <G^*J ^ijj jl j Jjl A!5 j i (jl <UJP jl Lgjjlla.d ^JUJ j LS^JJ* •■* <tau^«jJ ,vl j j u u j icd'JJ . C**«l aJlJu aiUlu»i 4J jfilpUj 4J jfilp (^uJ^ <*j jjl> ^JJ^ i^>-j ^ j l i ^Jw <dajlj ( p<W* \ )6l^5oi ^I^J 4J^blp (j Lb *b iUlpI j ^15" ^5*)U-I ^^Jb cJ^wa j( p <* / *&) jl^Soi ^I^J 4J^talp ti^J-^ <4 ilSlPl L§U 4^ i l i jLiJ 0J+~»J2J J ^ t j j--L«l ^J aJLal C—«Jb ?H^ ^ ^ ^ LT^S *J\* . C-*«l 8>ijJ (_**^ [email protected] t J j^*o ^ e-LL«o_^ c j\y*>\ ^%^\ iljT el5JJli t^j_U^*«l jlS'i j T ^^l^iJlJJ <.i£j£s ^^JJ\^.) jl .JI c j l ^ a - ^ l t^^>*>L«l i l j I elS^Jb t( jlSw«l JJ5-) jl^i-^sl -i*-lj CjgjUjL- j ^JjC^a ^JCJAJJ OJJZ jl*iJli T jl J 11 jl^JL^sl t jl^jL^sl elS^Jb Cjg^-Lrflilj j oj.J ih*«l . f

Transcript of ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J...

Page 1: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

?6 -VV :i)li. o U i ^

H6/VYA i iy.Jb £i>"- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-

« V

t ij>- ^\ji)*j$s[f- (_gLji (jL*jJ^ ^^i'^i i.s*^*- '' J <4**^"' t i jd^i C~J ~~a *~b cf^Jji j+0^" (j~*Jji j ' LJJJS

j) (j-kj j jl>-i j) *^I)(£J2J TvT ajJT e ^ t **Jj-*J a aJT .C~ml ai t>(4J jolp U ( uJ^ J <****£' O j i * ^ 4jt J) JSJO (5'y

L ^ J ^ JJ^ *i-c^\a^ oilii^l AJA *ls j i (jl <u£ >- ^ ^ <G *J ^ i j j j l j J j l A!5 j i (jl <UJP

j l Lgjjlla.d ^JUJ j LS^JJ* •■* <tau^«jJ ,vl j j u u j icd'JJ .C**«l aJlJu aiUlu»i 4J jfilpUj 4J jfilp ( uJ^ <*j jjl> ^JJ^

i^>-j ^ j l i ^Jw <dajlj (p<W* \ )6l^5oi ^I^J 4J^blp (j Lb *b iUlpI j ^15" ^5*)U-I ^Jb cJ^wa j(p<* /*&)

jl^Soi ^I^J 4J talp ti^J-^ <4 ilSlPl L§U 4^ i l i jLiJ 0J+~»J2J J ^ t j j--L«l ^J aJLal C—«Jb ?H^ ^ ^ ^ LT^S • *J\*

. C-*«l 8>ijJ (_**^

[email protected] t J j^*o ^ e-LL«o_ c j\y*>\ %^\ iljT el5JJli t j_U *«l jlS'i j T ^^l^iJl J J <.i£j£s ^^JJ\^.)

j l .JI c j l ^a-^ l t ^>*>L«l i l j I elS^Jb t( jlSw«l J J 5 - ) j l^i-^sl - i * - l j CjgjUjL- j ^JjC^a ^JCJAJJ OJJZ j l * i J l i T

j l J 11 jl^JL^sl t jl^jL^sl elS^Jb Cjg^-Lrflil j j o j . J ih*«l . f

Page 2: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

d_ojJj_c

aoUJI JJ3S ^jU-oJi l j j > _ > l J^^o l (_yjl UJI^J ^JCLO^JS-I -JOMjj |t>-Jalj d j fO-^J ^ a ^ T o o j ^ yjsS. j i i La

do ^ j l ^ J 5 A I & JJ j ^ t^JL^ j j l / y t -o 'La j l ^-5o *& . , >n">ij2> C-a O>Q /y^ol UJH.^3 J j j . C uj| o o j j lo-o

j l j (V5J i^Lb d_ > j£. j l (^ jL- **o \^> .^SySL^o J]J3 Co l x - j oj3»a L 5 - ° 5 - * ^ J 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ b ^ J ) ^ ! jla-^^l

j ^L>o j l L^j| (_Jj lojL (_fl^J , ^ 3 ^ g-o5> o_jUo j l o l 9^ ^S^L i - l joL^>| d j Al&lo/>d L& AJ u j | ^51 (^5'oJj3

jLiSj j*k> jji»-L) j5*L jji»j>cj ujt j-^«J LC^*-0 ^4 c i ^ ^ L^J -^1^0 Cy~*~^ y • ^ j ' ^ ^3 -^3 >ooooo /&$&>■ d J

CUUJI ^S^L> I ( J - O I J 3 tJ^jS^ A J I ^ J L O . CUUJI L^Jl J L O C O > I ^ I ujjoLi L C-JLfi->- (_jLL;_a y J 3 - ° I 4 ^j^^y.s

L a^ - l o ^ j o d5" I C^ IS! ^ 3 ,_Jjl u^a L doVoLc ,_f£j^>-j i j j J s 3 J j > <slj A13L d j dS"

JooJLa J J > J ° is*JL'"i ^-"-^4 | J i l > l _^£- ( ^ 3 CuuJjO do rt3_»JLj j j ji l j (^jLi i J j > <slj rtj_»Jl^j ^ a La O^lSoJLa

j j >ij3-a j o ^S^L> I J-au 3 ( j i ^So . | _; i j j J L j A I j l y y y 3 y 24. J u j ^5T y> ( J - ^ 4 ( s ^ 5 ^ ^ " ^4 *«£S

.^ILuj job u C X J L i > ^13-a \£> do COUJI ,_AJOO 3 v i j l ^ .pL&jLuca ,_JL>CJ1 A-JL> L S J i j ^ 3 ^ CouJjOU u /J^>

.o~oju dIJA|o o&J>q / c -^ (C)Loca Job jQ-al

iS.Z>£ (^jb* l j i-T^JS" ^ 1 4 l ^ a ^ j i ^ j J j ^ J I3J ^ J 3 ^ > j k ^ t i ^ * ' J — ^ J l 0 ^ ^ 0 t 5 ^ — ^ ' j y

.C** j | (JL-9 I_P" L^° ^ <^-y^ LSS'^L>l^5lflj j l j j ad; ;^?^ jLy^o (c^JL^- y\S\ i o L J ^ S ' JaL>J j l L^Jl j l joldS'y!!

, ^ > o O /C )Q lo^LoJo .C^«J I ,^5 jL>l jJjL^wa ^)9-a jvi lyzs^^j jib JSJIJ / v J^ j OJJJLJ jyaJ^c-d^a <2d£* ys M - ^ 0 cV'

A J I .CX«JI d J l A £ ^ J 3 - ° J ^ L ^ ^ " ? " L 5 J 5 ^ ^ ^ L ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ J 5 ^ J ^ 'yr^ d j JiS t jJ l 0^ j j 0jL^)l ,\Lfi i i>w

CJ IAC j l d ^JIAJO L 4JV^>LC (_5LJ^ ,_5Laj3lj ^J i J C J I A C 4J Li3Jajta ,_5Laj3lj AI3J ^ 0 45" o >J (JL> j j

. ( ^ ^ U YjJ-ol) C J ^ Jaj j>i (^S^- l J V j J - J ^J^> dJ^iaJ A j | ^ 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ L b 41^,^ L ljs-1 AJ3JLC dj | j

^ j L ^ j > (_j j3iJ ( \ j | L j 1JI3J ^-a (—*J J3J 3 (_f I "4 .3J C J I J X . A3j»L«ji j j j ^5o>i (_j L& d c j ^ i i 3 J j l ^j^a

^a Lajl (_f>i^3 j j i ^ 5 " j J j j ^ (_s-°- -° ( j ^ > ' - a j 34 ' ( n i l ' ^y^y. 3 J - ^ - ° ) J L - ; - ^ , 4 -^3^^-° i c ^ - * - ' (JVJLLUJI

.(T * 11 i ^ 4 ) C-OUJLAJ| ^ u b j 3 u CJ3U5J j£> LJ l i . L A J L * J | 03l_flj 3 JLLT

iSljfll :CXuj| <5Joi d_^>^L> ^J^S A J I (^ ^ Y A ) j-L>-a 3 j j j j (_f3-uJ j l d jVi iLc ^ L J ^ d j ^ l i j L A^hyS (_fL-L^a

[jilsLa^c:;^ uj| dj>dl d j LC3J 2>\yS\ A I j ^ d5" J L U 5 " ^ a ( ^ 5 " ^ i c i L j ^ j ^ A I J U J J3L 4& A J I d j J J j l i j l J

3 ^ J ^ JSLIJ?" L d ^ - ^ dj j i l s | j .il^il c< J djV>ib L J i d5" J 3 L A J I .AULS" ^ IJLJ C< ^>i J J j b l j

J3L A J I A i A | ^ A3J0 . A i ^ i^Ji fo-liLa 3 C o b L^JQ;;^?;^ A J I <el£> d j (_jl dJ35

^ L i l j (_JL&JLL9J ( C ^ > L CJJL^ J _ J J LJ IJL&I A i i ^ f J L j o d j C uJ l j 03^5- C J 3 ^ UJ d j JJJI3J ^ ^ J o l ^ i l t

j l COUJI dJVolx. LJo dS-L)l d j J3L d j ^ L ^ c J l j l . J j j l uj w\AjtLa 0*-a j q » ^ ^ j j j j j o A l A ^ ^ L ^ L ^ - I 0w\ uj

a l ^ j I L&J3L A J I j l A j ^ i i COUJO (_jl_4 li l^sl COUJI j l i i j 3_>^ j ol^sl (_fl_4 j - ^ j j L u j fo- -a i i ^5 jLT A J J J > L S J

x^sU j o LJo JJbo / j L i o do 003-A 3 J d j 3 , ^JJb l3 A u dj>iSLL> jL* Io> l 3 o-L&o ^^-a A l <£o 03J> j l ( ^oL j

I jjtoLLi i A J I 0L4 .003-uj L^o JL^***J ^^5^02-UJI o jL>o J J J LS"°-> J-*^" ^-^->y 3 ro-*^ L£3J j l b 6 ^3 -H dJVoL;

A C I J i ) A *^ ' j - ^ 3 LJo A->io> CLotSU u dLLLa j£> l j ^C^-LwJuJl 3 , CJa9L?c-a Lg^3J dJVolx. ^ L J o (^Lbj3U

Joo j a C ^ J I o t ^ y j a j t-^o j A-Jo>L«Jb .( T * * Yt joLAjy9)ojl uj . .a j^Jbl ^3 I j o^J> C uJ^J *-uJ o / C A | j

1. Kohlberg 2. Emler 3. Miller & Bersoff 4. Pope 5. Lerner & Miller 6. Furnham

Page 3: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw>

3 ^ f J J J j l C u U j OJJJS i j r ^ i ( j i ^ j JJly ^ diV>ib ^ U i ( j l A j S L d _ f JJ | <ob A,L_i i 0 ^ P ) 1

Ljo Jajl^Jj ( j ^ diVoli- t_>L j . i lil^fll ^15" ,_f L&j^L dX- ^JJLai djVolx. ,_f L jo ,_f L&J^LJ jJo dli5" dX>hj>

/ I U J > L S | (—J^-l O dILJolo OJJ-LJ C - o | j - & C X J & L O A-J laJ L^A Ja j | j - Jo (_£JL^AAJ J ^ UbjOU A J I .C-OUJ| , _ 5 * j J j (^1 vJ

j ^ u u . A ^ x i CJISJ] ( ^ A I J /y»-*i .Ji&iS (^-o j l^S ^ - Ju CU^u / p l 3 j 3 L?jL>-9j ^ 4 j ' ' j ^1^1 ^J CXUJI J J - ^ ^ J

^ l j | j J3> 3 ^ I i ^ x j l d_;_Lj>- J0I3J j—o ^-J ( ^ A I J 3 J J j ^ 0 d_|j>3J t^G-jJ d j U3> J I J ^ ^ J d j C U ^ J I j iil^9l

dj j ja j 3 ^ £ja>3 j (_jL& dl3b ^Sj>i C>L^> j l iJj -^j}' 15-° J . ^ ^i '-'jS iS'y. ' j (_si3^a-° £ i ^ 3 d-' ^ ' ^

^JuuJj A-t-oLJj-O (OIJLJ j l JJLLO I&J3U Aj l ^ yS <l -^> d j ^Jl 0^3-O-J ,j >C»JLo &Z3 S C->jfy*& (^Lfc L^j'^^i

dj O UJI J3U (VI^J dl3^5 CJJ3^3 CJULJL^CJ ^J ^J^JA U(Y • • U ) J ^J I ^ - I J I dJ3_oJ (_fl J . O uj| ^ 3 ^ 0 3

(VI dj 3 l i j l i i djL'^5' C o l i 3 Lci^- CJ IJX . ^J ,_iIj_o (_jl djla (J3j>i _K-^-J djVii l i- (_fLjii dj J3L (_jl3^J?u

<CL9u , j j | . y j Lu j I yi . O j l o ^fyjjj^tJb 6 j L j 9 t ^ ' > ^ - ^ o l 5 * J j O j l Ja-uJ3^L« 3 j J U A J j j , L > I J - 0 U yS | j o Jau^tJ

,_fLj^ (_JL&J3L j l ,_f J 3 ^ " tS^i C^y^ ^ ' LSi^ I - - ^ I J L C ji is^-y° JVJLLUJI JJ^J Job 4& i j l i ^ 0 jl^Jol L*

a^^T A ^ L J (Y • • A)J_OJ 1^-03! 3 (Y • • V) (°L^J^s .jui>L d i ^ i b £$>■$ tvi^ju* ^LLIJIJ ^ ^ L > l J ^ J 3 diV^lc

dj 3 C-OUJI CJL*J ^ (^LJ^ U / j ^ - 1 ^ «dj>-lq o u (_ l dJjLLo j l j 3jl uj L 5 J M-ol CJ dJV^lx- ^ L J ^ (^U&J3U dJ JO]

(_£ LJ^ ,_f L&J3L JoAiljca (Y ♦ ♦ ) Ci^JliS (J3^> iS^J-' ( j La i> " , ^3 .,J&l>-l Jo i j ,_f l^j ,_f I d j ^a j ( j i -o

(_jIjliS 3 a^3J ^ V L ^cituj ^S^l>-I J V J L I ^ J I <j;\ji (_fI <4JL»-oJ ( j i^- i 3 C* UJI CJ IJX . ^ 3 ji J ^ I i ^ djV^lc

Jou dJV^lx- (^LJ^ (^U&J3U /)A*J ^^1*3^3 A-JL> j ^ .A^)L-^o j - J dJV^lx- ^\ 03- J) dj,L19j ^ 1 j j ^^71^03!^

JVJLLUJI ^ V L ■^yoj^i (1^53 dJ3^J (_jl^j . J «2>L Ja^Jj^ ^s^L>l JVJLLUJI ^ V L J ^ S ^ L > I ^3-ta UJ J ^>j L

j l ^ M i - I JVJCL-WJI j j ^ J J L J15L_ ,L (ySy^S ?£> J^lj-a ejU) Ji3J3 Ji^>) ^3—^ ^ o ^ L S 5 ^ " '

P3A J ^ l j ^ ^S^L>-I JVJJ-WJI . Al&Jo C ^ j l l j ^3^- O3S Job (_SJLC CXJ i ^ j ^ ^ ^ o J V j J WJI J ^

3 ^ J T ) CU^I l > l l CJlA£ j l j l — ^ L V 3 l k a ^ 1 ducab- i b o l ( j l ^ j dT ^ L ^ ^ j j l 3 J ^ l J j ^ L j l

j j jjLLoJ CJljX. OjL)j>i J^Lu^a (_jL^jj3l li I((03^J 3 ^3^ Ja^j) (_JiiliS jl^S 3 (_£iiliS j\j£ \j2 Ty^ u j J^

J j jXJ ^^-o ^ j -^S* L^A JP^-3 r$313J I-1 3 <V- ) j ' -U J 9 dj?cjl > ?o ^ J ' - i ri ^ L ^ J ^ ' j ' 5 ^ ^ ' j C -J I ^^ - l 0 ^ ) - 0 3 3 - ^

CJJ3^^> OJ o dIL9jj jo 03J> ^^S^l^-I (^LAJ&IJJOO (^LL*-O J J J 3 t—J ji- o u *£> LAJJ3I0 tT" d_L>»^ ,0 dJ_*JI.

l_fl^j djViilx. (_jLJii (_JL&J3U U CXUJI d l ^olii A I ji I j yjs\>- {J^Jts^~j± jjlaiL^La ^^3 i ^oJiu / j j | .J_^5" ^ ^

.(Y • 1 Yi L^L^LUJV3^UJI 3 (J3J.I t^La )joi)L ^ ^ Uj y\ (_Jjli) LPL*-* (_fljlii A^j dCLfl5" L>C-LJI dj LJ d j isyjl

j o ^^-Lxjt O uj| 3 J 3 ^ dS uj L 5 J dJVolx. (^LJo dj Jaj t—< ^*^"ri -J > L£- (^l"*J° ^ 134 CUA5* /5I3J <~A

£±^o j l l j ^^IJIJLC ^ J ^ L ; ^ o l j i l (_jl^j 1^11^13^ £333 dj ^^IJIJLC ^ J o l j i l C^J j j J J ^L^al d5" ^*s l^c

tjSLa^a o l j i l i C u i J j3Jola J U i ^ L ^ J j ( ^ j k ^ (^^'s-0 J ^ ^d ^ ^ t^-0 £^J ^V' ^ J ^ t ^ ^ J t ^ J ^

^ j l ^ U ^ J j (ji^olS" ( j l ^ j ^JLJIJ^S ^ J L J ( j i j j l ^ l j (_r->jj^ J^ - 0 LSJ^L^1 ^s:^^' LS^S^^J ^ ^

^ L J o d j J3L ,0 C-ouj| j l a ^ J cj^1^ J ^ •^•Jy^i j * w J j o l j tJ-C->.u-C^ A I JJ&l A 45 (^jlS^ ^)l J ^ I J I J ^

1. Dolbert & Zigler 2. Oppenheimer 3. Mcllveen & Schutheiss

Page 4: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

(_jLj>-> (_JL&J^1J L ^elo_l_>l 3 ^ 9>_>l (_J^jJo C u J j i -u_4> j j ^ d j o j l j , _ -o j^ j j - - i l -> ( j j -Ji-suj i j A j J ^ j h j

l i j ^ a . - IS" C J J ^ > d_> d (Viilx-L) (_JLjii 3 ^o^aS. djViil-C (_JLjii (_jl & j ^ L lAJ^X j i i n i ^ > (_jlj 1 d >Viil-C

.*_0 j j * L_9 J_?yj d_i_*»oj A j | ,_5 ^ & j > ^ o .J tJ lv j c>l_> j l ^__uJ>u u d_L9j j* j l ^ 5 .—u j j g

dj J^9 j l 3 d___-o|jJ £$>■$ L^jl j t t ^ L1.3 ( _ J j ^ " - ^ ( j ^ ° l ^ CX-ol (J-S^ "*•« _^-*-'-0) ^ViSlcU 3 djV.il--'

yS- q / ^ - 3 <cL& d_l_A. (0L0-) ( -5*o 5 A j 5 y ^ 9 **->.-> ) A u q_?c»_uj|.j d_*_l5 I . . J L & q ^ j A J I , £ .Lol d j c o L >

^-ujUL-O ,1? 3 ^-uj l_L-0 ,1? X-ka-Lo )^ ^ 4 ' i - f t ^o > i l j l o l - C i i l i S 3 A I S L U J I ) ¥ > ( c - * ^ ">l > i l j l (_jL*> ol-£ i - l i S <S^-9

j j j > . j AuaJ^L^uJ l^ C-u*-~-J 3 j_aj 1 * * Y Y ^ q j j > A D C u j | j a J > . j l j l olX~£Jl.J AuaJ^L^uJ l ^ .JJI 0.j|.J .L-S- iuJ J-_oJ

AuaJ^L^uJ l^ C-u*-_uJ 3 Jol 0.j|.J .L -S- iuJ l j j _ i j 1 A 1 T T j - J . j u l L-BS^J ol5C_uJl.J AuaJ>c->iJl^ .C-ouj| 1 d j Y w-uj d j

l_£2->- i i l i S Y A • • • ^ ^ J j > l j ^__il_> j j i - f l ^ j j (_f j L a l d j c a L > J 5 " P^aSya j ^ . O UJI \ d j Y y L > ^ d j j ^^j

i£j-*^ ^J^-OJ ( j *»3j 3 ^J^-OJ

i_iL>u a lX_ i j | ^ dlCl j l d_> dj>3j L dJ^^J d j ^ jL -L -o i i iS^ji

i_ijj>cj oLsC i j l i (_fly --So d j Y C o --J iC< -ota

1J-«->u (.- Lfl.; uj| (_jl d^Js <^£j^S dj^^J (j--3j j l r°3>J ^ ^ " j 1 ^ 3 (_?' >3 > tSji^ dj3^J (j--3j j l J3I (oL5j->

^ j LJ l ^ ^ . ^ l i ^La d-Lij j l IJJL.1 . e l l i j b yj> ^ df

o U ^ l l ? l (5J3I ^ ^ > t 5 ^ j ' > * '

A jjl^^Sjj) ^l^j djV^lc ( L*- (^L&J^IJ t j l ^ o JL& I j b * ^> ^lj.j dJV lc (^LJ^ (^L&J^IJ . c «j| oj sl J-OJU

3 ly>l 0 >UI

ojl—wj ^ l ^ j ( \ \h? i iS^ij£ 3 J 3 ^ . J ? ) (JLol^ ^L& J ^ " - ^ ^ — ^ ^ eg-0 f t i - ^ l ^ ">Lol5*3 T =ftoisl^o tY ftj-sLllpw

. C-«-«j| Okig-oJ <-J^JU I j (99-9 tCb& 4 ^ O 1 J J L J * J

.ii g ^ J - ^ 4Ja>-3 i^ ( 1) M g A ^ J i i L J L ^ - ^ ^

1. Savickas

Page 5: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw>

<i LiViU ^ L i i 5lA j 3b ^L -*Oi cs i ^^ -oJ j ^O) J 3 J L >

U^j

iJV.ilc ^ U J ^ U J S L ^ I f U O j i OsL*

1 {yj\S

6s Lrf ^LJSJS" ^L i i l iJV.ilc ^ U J ^ U J S L

•/V-& ■IV-b ■If Ms •/V-1 •/V-Y • / Y U i j i - ^ iW^U ^ U i ^ U J S L

A.lj£j.i ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ U i ^ U ^ L

^ 5 ^ t AJV^U ^ L J J ^ U ^ L

1

•Ifff ■If ft •/VYY •/YYY •/YV\ •/Yf?

i j i - ^ iW^U ^ U i ^ U J S L

A.lj£j.i ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ U i ^ U ^ L

^ 5 ^ t AJV^U ^ L J J ^ U ^ L

Y

•Iff- ■IfV) •/Y^? • / f -A ■IfXA • /VW

i j i - ^ iW^U ^ U i ^ U J S L

A.lj£j.i ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ U i ^ U ^ L

^ 5 ^ t AJV^U ^ L J J ^ U ^ L r ■If His ■Iff A ■BIT ■lis-A •/411 •W&1 ijv^icL- ^ U J ^ U ^ L f

, = c U ^ - l q JM+l C w j o CUJqJ; ^j^s d ^ L A ^ «J :. _£l x ^ > l a , - 9 ^ ' — i_j

^ j - p 9-uj AJ L^o j l 4 J CXUJI / O I d-oLL>i-uj j j / O | / e ^ j j g .<A&< ^ J 3 ,JX»J>CJ-UJ ^ J 9 - ° ( C ^ ^ ~ > ' L£^"*"^ « 1-*^J

[ j j | JL) j_k> j l K J J-*-LJ ._S>l>-l OgL i iS d-oLL>i-uj *J d j A I J JJ_&^ ^ - ^ 4 . ^Vlg-uJ j-c^uJb d j j£>ajj-o ^ ^ j J i ^ ^

^ u ^ j d j / j l a j ^ -o .yjLJLo A J I j l o^lfllLujI u AS JJ_&^ .—o j\yB Lo JLJ I J> I J ^ ,—UJLJLO t d-oLL>i-ujjj CJ|J-OJ

,JLJL?tJ . C*3u CXuJ^ L_JL**5'j j j u , _ J ^ g j j l *.gcLoJL>-l g ,_S>l>-l .JJL^U_O ^ j9-° J1^ J - ^ * ^ L - ^ y ^ - i 9 <-^*j j l

I d^L—i~^j AJI j l A, I j± iS <j\ dJ5l

. Jo^ta d»ol^l l j jq^fl^cj . j j l Jq3 O o v i g J5S-L^L^J / J J L J ' Y^ ( j . (3"^^-° ( V ' j ' ( J ^ * t -^ u J ' ^ ^ - ^ '>-?"'

(_jl dj>Li> ^ j j q is^J^ CJVl^uJ (_fIjlii j ^ J j )l -^o yn <iS JL^JU ^ ^ J l ^ uj I I ^ J ^ L i ^ 4^U '^Jjji (VI

.JL&JL^O / j L i o I j Pq^z?q-o T / j - ^ L J ^ J C-ouj|

A I ,^ d j C-ouJl C-*- -o»&l A l U-o / ^ - u u Mql £cla—uj .^q-Jo j—o f L ^ I 7U<2—^J qvi \£ Mlq uj *J& ^ j l JJ 0 *-oJ

^ t_)L>dj| l j L i A J j j T j l ^ ^ J O ^ j | fO- -o ^ 1 ^ > - 3 C ~ J fO- -o i C X ^ J fO- -o 2 ^ ^ i a ^ 6 ^ j ' l ^ ^ j !

dj q 1 a yo~i C-ouJl I^A-« A^J \S AJ q viq-Jo .,—0 O^lvi *^*^> (C 0*-o-) C-^*x*J i^A-« A^J \S Aj Al>-ys / y l J^ .JLLJ

^ L j ^ J i l ( j l j ^ AJ £J3 4 J (c-L;-!^ S ^ ^ * ^ " ^ ( j ' y ^ J^ '-0' -^3 ^ i_s^ ^ ^ l ^ ' <5j-oJ C* UJI rt>-^-« ( J ^ * - ^^i'y

Oq^L) .^ j -O ^^-o (^"-^ i^l OLAJ I^JL?C-O^ J3 AJ <oq^ A.L> yO *£> j - J J L & ^ ^ ^ ,j£>L> d j j j j * A I t—JL?L1J| d J d J

J ^ l j jl _^o dj^oJ ,_jl^j . CXUJI j j i ^u j ^ j jJ3> (_Jl^j ^ j u k U l (_jUfc 4-* i jJ 'il'Ajtj j j j l j 4^1_L^UJ^J / j j | (_Jj|jO <5J_OJ

S A I J L O J 4 I J j5" y3> J V J L I ^ J I d_Lj j5" ^ Y / j j | j i i Z J J I ^ J L J . CXUJI J V J L I ^ J I d_Lj j5 " ^ Y <_£Ijlii (O^^ d j j > j ^ j j

Joi) , jyjLXjlJl L& d_Lj j 5 / j j | j l LSO Jfc t_JL>tl)l . C< UJI ^ ^ L O I L > I q ^ J ^ L > I (_J p Jo CXJq i ** a j l LC^-^5 "J

( j j ^ V L (_fl^j)^Y Lj(^cia uj , \ J ^ j A ^ J J L (_f l^)^ C J I J L L O I j l j i ^ j J L & I ^ > ^5VJ?C UJL ^ i ^S^ l>- I ^ S l 9 l j

i CXUJI J J V J L I ^ J I d_Lj j5" ^ U e f ' j ' ^ ^ " Y (Jl^ UJ j i - l o j ( c jV I ^ UJ (_ j l^ LstJo. ^ ^ 5 " ^ o JjJuu , j l d j (^Ja uj

.CXUJI <5A i) l ^> l ^ <LaS>y /yyj j^> j L ; (V-I3I tS'ji "^^^^ji (V.I -1—' ">l ( j ' ^3^ j>i 1 U u 1 j l Cjl jL^Lal

q jl_^l£.| j l <\5 C-OUJI 0JU>^) d_^ujL?c-o jq^fl^cj A J I A I j5CAAq^J Ja ujqj <A»oU ^ u j j j A j | ^ U U q jL*H£.| /ilj-*-fl

J d j CXUJI v5>i d j (OjV.ii i i^J ^ ^ d j | ,1 dLawl .^ ( Y ) J q J ^ v^> d j "OJyii iu ^ ^ , l i i , ^ > > j ^_;_ujl_La ^ J U U

I»A*5 LoJ j lq JuOUtlLo ijuj> yS> j l O^LfllLujI U q , J_^>I (C^A d_ajq»o Oq-i-Jo d j M^lq£. A^JSXLS d»oLL^uj j j A j l (Cqj

1. Keith Collin 2. JohnGibbs 3. Karen Basinger and Dick

Page 6: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

jo>i/ %\jkLj ^1 jl(2) JSJ^> C r i AJ Job 4^ *S c i / o j 3 ^

L ^ j

0/64

L J j J j ^ I f £ 3 l j j (>OJ~J

0/64 0/545

L J j J j

0 /61 0/61 0/64 0/545 1

0/652 0/66 0/67 0/625 0/62 0 / 6 1

o 1 ^ 2

0/511 0/54 0/61 0/491 0/485 0/52 3

0/628 0/652 0 / 6 2 5 0 /673 0/677 0/557 4

,_S^L^2J Cjjg-^> <AJ i^uI L_flJ>u g AL>luj|jgJ> JL>-lg ,—ojLujI ^ I j l (_£l& olSLlJl^ JuujJ ,—UJLLJJJLJ g ,—UJULJJJIJ

,_S>l>-l ( ^ j j Jo CXJgJL^u-o d-oLL>i-uj *J g JuJwJj c->u?cl»j| (°g^ <A-L>j-o j«^ ^ 1 4JL-L? g Mgl d.L>j-o j ^ ^ 1 d-JjgJ>

,JLJL?tJ j ^ A I J J J J J C u ul) J L J I J > I J ^ 4 J V ^ I £ - ( ^ L J ^ (^L&jgu ^C;\jb d-oULJt-uJ j j g / J - J I J CSS ,-£-LOJI_>-I g

3 aJV^U. t^L-J^ (^I&J^IJ d-oL ^^.i JI5 *J 27 ^ I JJJ ^J a_L_9 25 - 20 ^ v /JLoj d.L >Li L3O J ^ dJ11oJ

. jui JJL>J ^ ^ 3 3 i ^SIJLAI <-~^> j> 3 SPSS-13 (j^Ll )y>\ fji jl o^Ui l L U

( j S i i**^«Ji <^sJ>_yJ2 ^ k > L _ L l uJl ?C.

.JuJo O^LfllLujI /1L0J-0J& Aa-^uJ j j j M-Jj^cJ tAa-uJ*-U

^Lj^ i s ^ 3 ^ 0^3^. <b ^ I 3 J > S ^3^- (jl^j) ^V>ib ^LJ*} ( j lA j SL 3 ^ ^ U - l A ^ J ^ :JSI A ^ y

Page 7: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw>

iJVilcU ^ L i i ^ 3 ^ iJV^U ^LJ^ O'J5'-'5 ^ " ^ iS1*^ ^ ^ " ^ iS 1 ^ A T ^ U ^ U J ^ U «L

^ j b l i ^ ^fiL^^j* ^ j b l i ^ ^. f tL™^ ^jbbLu ^ . S ^ ^ a ^ j b l i * * ^. f tL™^ t T 1 ^ ^ >

•/nr --/AY •/•n -nn * •/••v • /^•* -/-Yf • /n?* ^ - ^ ^ o ; : ; ••' AU^J 3 J^JJ JL i

•/YY& - • / • ^ -/^VS. --l--\ -/YVf •/•£? -/-A - M u ' J ^ ^_ - " '

• mv -•/•?? •/•v? ' /nd* - M - /KY* -nf& •/•Ya ' "

•/•<JT - • M ' \ •/•Yf - M Y •/••Y -IMiK" •/••Y -hXK" ' "

•p<./.& "P< - / - 1

4SV>ib ^LJ>i t ^ j S ^ L *(r= ' l \ \ f . P>' h&\) ^>^> ^Ij—i uV>iL-: LJ>i t ^ j S ^ L A,L_J 3 - ^ * J

L ? l > ( r = « / U , l ,P>«/«( i )^3^<LJV>iU L ?LJ>i L ?Ls> J3L;L;3( r=«/^ ' ,P>«/« ^ X j l j - X o ^

^ • ^ 3 1 ^ 0 .(< ♦ P /» &)CAJJ*J;J (_JJIISLL«X AJOJIJ (_fljl>i d->V.iHj (_fLj>i ^ j l & ^ L L J 3 jli iLuix 3 C^i-a <Uaj|j

c u ^ J ,_fjl^bjM AJOJIJ (_fljl>i d->V.iL (_fLJ>i ^ I A ^ L L«JI j l t^o g ^ L A I ^ S J ^ J M * J>S ,J&l>-l ( _ J ^ J ^

AJ^SJ.J (_JI J aJV.iL ^jLi. i ^ I A ^ L L t j ^ j l ^ J L i j . i ^ c L ^ - l 3 ^s^L>-l ^ j ^ j o d-J3 i^« . (<P ♦/♦ A)

c^Lc ^ l j (jljb (r=WU& .P >♦/♦&) ^ 3 - ^ <uV.iL U i ^ I A ^ I L. 3 (r=«nVY ,P >•/• \) (_jjliSbjM <*-LJIJ <_j'jL <*->V.iLlj (_jl j j ^ (_JL&J3L 3 ^3^- (_jl J djViilx. (_fL->>i (_JL&J3L) I ; J 3 j l i l oca 3

(_jl^j aJV^Lc ^ L j > i ^ L & J 3 I J L l i ^ o _^J ^15" ^cLo^Ls-l 3 ^s^L>-l ^ ^ J J J d J 3 i ^ ^ a . 0 ^ ( < P »/»A)

4kj|j ( j l jb (r=«nAA ,P >♦/♦ ^) J^_>s ^V>iU L J ^ (j lA^L L 3 (r=«/WA ,P >• /• ^ ) ^ (_jjliSbjM AJaJlj tS'J'^ AJVISICU (_jLj>i (_j'-aj3lj 3 ^«3^C djViilx. (_jLJiS ^IJSIJ^IJ L .J3 JIISLUM 3 CU^La

. C ^ J ( P < - / - A )

( j ^ j j o c J j L ^ . >iUj| ^ L O j j i ^ j ^ ^ L j ^ A ^ 3 . ^ J J ^ j du J s ^ j ^ ^ U i 4_iflU<Lobl j j

.^3^i ^ 0 djl j l aJV^Lc ^LJ>i ^l&jjli i^ije j\ ^CUCL>-I 3 ^s^L>-l

^ L u > l 3 j-S^l^l ,_£jj j j CuJ^ jyuA A-O 4jLf JuJ> Lg -L.j,.-;.Q. y j j j i ( f ) J jJ^f

dJVi l f i (jLo>i ( j l A j j I j 3 U - o 3 Ji^* j ' JL-9 j>i

U/VfY - / - U •/•YA - / ^H •/•Y'\ Y/VYA jU>ja

. c ^_J ( F = Y / Y Y A 5 P > ♦/♦A) ^ U ^ J 3 A^JJ J L i J ( i ^ U i ^ - I 3 ^ ^ U - l ej>„j>j ^ - 1 ^ —« ^ ^

3 ^^S^l^-I (_£j j jo CuJo luo^ oA^) A - ^ ^ * J ^ J A J U J U 3 C-OUJI 0^3J * / i P l J ^ L - o <\J\S A-L> LgX^->.u^-oJ& t^-^jj j^:

. Ju iL (_a Jo^>j^ Y/A d j V ^ L (_fL>^ ,_fL&J3L i L o l j l ^ S J J i l j i ^ - Sa^iy ( j L * i i 3 ^ ^ J " J M * J ^ LSC ' - 0 - : J?" '

Page 8: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

^ j b b L u t i j l j j l ^ . 1 j^C k-Jj-S

^^^ O ^ t b

7/786

B ^^^

0 / 0 0 0 3 / 6 0 5 - 7/786 28/068 Coti J j i o 1

0/696 0 / 3 9 1 0 / 0 2 6 2/032 0/795 i j s - ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ L i i ^ U ^ L

^ I J S J J ^ AJV^U ^ U J ^ U J S L

2

0 / 0 4 3 1/862 0 / 1 4 6 * 2/268 4/224 *

i j s - ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ L i i ^ U ^ L

^ I J S J J ^ AJV^U ^ U J ^ U J S L 3

0/814 - 0 / 2 3 5 - 0 / 0 1 8 2/142 - 0 / 5 0 4

i j s - ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ L i i ^ U ^ L

^ I J S J J ^ AJV^U ^ U J ^ U J S L

4

0 /370 - 0 / 8 9 8 - 0 / 0 4 7 1/341 - 1 / 2 0 4

i j s - ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ L i i ^ U ^ L

^ I J S J J ^ AJV^U ^ U J ^ U J S L

5

cO^j 0 / 1 4 6 A I ^ X J ^ (_jl^ djV^lx. (_fLJ>i ,_fL&j^lj ^JIJJLLUJI

a-i-u.i-0 A - U

^ j b l i ^ F u j j i

33/315 0 / 0 2 3 0/033 0/183 0/013 3/229 0 S j S l , ) A L > J >

L 5_LJ ( j i ^ j AJ j i l s ^uV>iU .L i * } ( j l a 3 L >iL«jl 9 l j^So 0/0sl^> ^ 3 ^ (^o o±>_& (6)JsJ^?- j ^ ^ L ^ r

. Ju iL (_a Jo^>j^ 3 / 3 d jV^ lx . (_fLj>i (^L&jgL) ^L«j| j l

l i j I j u L u y j l J ^ 3 >ij1juLuuj1 L ^ J j j i ( V ) J j J U >

^ j b b L u

0 / 0 0 0

0/288

0 / 0 4 3 *

0 / 3 8 0

0 / 2 1 0

ijljJl^.1 jJ. ^Jj^=

ijljJh-.! ^Iki-

7/591

1/064

1/867

- 0 / 8 7 9

-1/257

13 /840 105/058

n^°

CJH jlAi^

0 / 0 7 1

0/146 *

-0/065

-0/066

3/612 3/844 i j i - ^ I j j AJV^IC ^ U J ^ U J S L

4/032 7/527 o ' j ^ i ' 5 i 5 ^ " ^ ^ i S 1 ^ LSKS 1 !

3/807 -3/345

2/383 -2/296

as^i0/146 A I ^ S J ^ (_jl^ dJViilx. (_fLJ>i (_JL&J31J ^ j l j jb-uj l b j

«*>■ _ J ^ S ^ > l JLJOJ A L a j ^ J i (J3 : ; uj^5 j JJJJ^CJ guLlJ j j l uJ ^LJ^i (jlAj3L A ^ j j i ^ j ^ j ^ v

t B

Page 9: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

(_JL&J^U j l t A j j ^ j i d j (C- ; J I -0 o i ^ - ^ ^ 4 i c * J <_?j'^ i_s-'Jl-0 ^ ° i ' j <_?'j'^ ^ '3-°-' "S.p J - ^ <_?'^ 'V i i l f i

aJJbJ d j l j l L^j| g i b . ) IJJ <5^^J (VJl^S d j dL>y J L i j ^ ^ C L O J J > I 3 ^S^L> I

(p<♦/♦ A) ^ 3 - a ^ d iV^L <jLj>i 3 ( p W « ^ ) ^ l ^ ^ ^ l ^ 5 ( p < W ' A ) ^ 3 ^ ^ l ^ d j V > i b L j L j > i L j U ! j 3 l j l j

( p > , / , ( i ) AjytjiS (_JI^J aJV^Lc ^LJ>i L tj^jl^s *J ^ y _p t^c '-0^?"' 3 t ^ ^ " ' iSji^i l—*^>' 'JjM Cj5i 3

C^La djajl j (p< • / • \ ) A.lytj >} L?'j—! <&l^ t ^ L j ^ ^ ( ^ " L S ^ I " 0 ^ 3 t ^ ^ " l L?>-^i ^ ^ 3 ^ ^ ° O—^ 3

n^^a^ ^ y . ' 0 ^AA) djil^Ti (^ ^PA) <5JLJ (_JIA A^SL L . J L & ^ i A J I ,_jL& d i i L . ^ j b ^3-^-3 j b b -« 3

j J l ^ a d5" COUJI ^S^ l>- I j j j j j l ,_f I d_;_L_> ( j U - o 3 J L ^ J J JL-9 j>i (_sc'-0-:j?"' 3 i c ^ ^ iSji^i C^-A^uja

A J Jo . JJ30 ^ O / j L i J I j J-LI uJ3> J_L) ,_fL JJLAiS ^ o A I ^ X J ^ d j d5" _JL^J^9 3 lfl> J L ^ £ d j C o oJ lil^fll d5"

JL^JJ J L S J ^ ^CLO^J>I 3 ^s^L>l ,_f^j J J CeJ3-U^a j ^ i j J j b ^ l o i f l dJV^Ix. (_flJ>i dj d5" ^jLo5" <-^iy

J j , l i i (J3-°l vr i <_?W^ ^ (_JiiL»Icl dLktujL d j VLoIL>l LAJI .SiyS ^a iS^f (_J f - ^ 4 ^ o h " ' )>i ( j ' -0^- i 3

.J-Li i ^ ^ j y j l u^>l , ) £ J 3 _ > ^3-^3 j>i ^3-*- (_jL&jl^s 3 J 3 5 d j (_JJ_L;J1J JL-S j i i l j (_f_ > i ^ - ; CXJ3J u^a >

C-u*-u J £>}j3] A A J U PLEJJI J ^ jji»J>tj jj'l ,15 3 jLuj L 5 J AI3-LC. d j dJV^lx- ( ^ L J ^ ^ U O J 3 U LLUJIJ A J I J£> A j | VJLLJ

J ^ ^ C L « J J > - I 3 ^S^ l i > l ,_f^j j j CSLJJZ o^a L) djV^lx.L) ^ j l f t ^ L l a l .J j5" 0 J-o-C ( j i j 3 - > J3S 3 ( jLo-J d j

i l j j (_JjliiLLjca d_kaj| . A L O - J 3 A A J J JL^fi

3I ^ C L O C J > I (_jl_Jii 3 ii^S A j j ^ ^ j ^ o l ) l i l i i jljS L X J AI3IJL) AI3J (^-o \j d jVi i lx . (_jl_Jii d j J3U p^aSya j j

^ i b j l^s A , ; ; . ^ j$\ joljJI C O L ; ^ i j j^ iL) d i ^ i b jjb dJV>iLc ^LJ>i dj i l ^ i l ^ L i ^ d5" dj> ys . o ^JSJ

J ^ c d jV^ lx . ,_fI a^. OJ d j LJ J_LT ^ 0 |Ojlo I j ^ y cs^y ^ L ? ^ ' ^ j ^ t l r ^ S " £^ '3 j ^ -^3 ^ 15-° '—*i5*^

iJJ OJL d l u j ' i d jVi i lx . (_fLj>i d j ( _ j y j _La3^J J3L i l^ f l l d5" d j> y b JLLa (_fl^J . J - L T J a i > l j A I 3 JJLOJ

I , Ja;;^?;^ d j ^L^Lcl ,yjLu^_>l ^ i L f j j i i A J J J > .J_LlT ^_a CJ lJx . (_jll uj| , , i i £>&^- &>zj d j (_J j^i i^-J (j*>^J

3 4 C-ouj| ^ ^ ^ A ^^ j ^Lo l / j i ^ J \\ tc&V dJV^lx- ( ^ L J ^ d j ,30 td_^)>li>- 53!^ d j . ^ j j ^ o V u A ! u Jl (^1 vJ

djLi»^La J£I3S L J j j l l ao ^ j L & j l l i j i J j j W djVi i lx . (_fLj>i d j , ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 3 ^ ^Lf iSj^L d ? ^ i l ^ f l l A I jX^jj d j

i i ^SL-a j l y j j u iAj>d y J L^Jl <5j^ j3 j JLo-cl 3 (-cLoCL^-l j L l S j J ^ " c r t * j^ 3 ^ - ^ ^ 15-° <j ' ^ ^3-> j l

[yjLuJ>l A l i j L & j l y 3 J3S d j C u uJ l i l y l (_jJ_L;jlj ( j l y - « L S ^ i ( J ^ * i i S ^ V " >J (_S^^° J J LS^*^ '

.via-A .^-o A-oLuJ L u I j A l jJOvi ( j ^ - S ) ^ L X J A ^ ^

aJX-U y t j y j L j l ^ J (j£»JL5'l^ j l (_f>iljl (WjLuJ>l (_fl^J (JiL»J eJuLAiS ( j L i J djViilx.L> (_fLj>i d j J3L J-jLa-a j i i

^ L & j L l S j 3 (^j-XJ L 5 i l o d ^ - u C-OUJI A ^ O » O dJV^lx-lJ ( ^ L J ^ d j J3L A J I jjLL) . C-UWJI (^1 dJV^lx- 3 dJlfl^aJLo

C-uJ3-t^u-o (Li-o)dJl_fl^aJLo JXI35 , y j l uj| j j J L I ^ J j^> fiy* (yjLjjJ>] A3J-J L5^a;:^ ^ £ ^ LS^J " ^ j ^3 ^

^ L & J 3 U (^1 j j J3>^?"o ^^ A*Luj ^ L & j . o L u A J I VJLLJ . ^3 A ^ ^ t^j^uSS] j j ( JOLL^O 3 A L O - U JJLA-9 J ^ AAJU3

d5" ^3^0 ^ ^ dLti>^La j y j l uj| /yJji.p^S <5JL&I O a diVi i lx- l i (_J L j ^ ^Lf iSj^L (_jl^J ^->j-^ ' j d jVi i lx . (_J L j j

IT A L O - J 3 J^JtJ J W ^ J ^ i_sc'-0-*;?"' 3 c s ^ ^ ' " ' L ? ^ i ^ i C^jJji^j^o 3 d jVi i lx . (_fLJ>i ^Lf is j^L A ^ J dLkaj'j A J J ;

Page 10: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

£>£>J? L^A A L O - U 3 OXAJLJ (]L*_S j*J ,_£.L*^J>l 3 ,_3}L>l (^*J j o CuJo luo^ cLa-uJ cLEjjl d*£-U (/~-ij U ^ J d j a

^cLo^j>l 3 ^s^L>l ,_f^j Jo d J ^ J *^a ?Ja UJ t U l j l t i ^ L dJV^Ix.lj ,_f L J ^ ,_£ L&J^L ( j i ^ l f d5" , JL> J>J •

l_fIj l i i ALO_O 3 A ^ j J j ^i_U_« ^cL<^I_>l 3 ^S^L> I CXJ^ i ^ ^au 3 CXUJI <5ii^J j l i i Luca J a L j j l A J I J 3 G^^i

.Juuju (--oJ L £ J ' ^ Loco ^-k^ ' j

dj"(Y • •& ) J-OJL^-L^I ^(Y • • Y)|ol ^j^s i ( ^ A A ) j j iL& j u t - i L> £+&>£ iS^ d ^-i '_) (_A^ 6 i'

^yj^SJuo ^ ° i ' j icc ' -0-* ;?"' 3 i s ^ ^ - " " ' LSJ i ^ i l - ^ r 5 ' "*-0 3 d jV i iLc l j (_jLj i i (_fL&j^L) J V J J j | Oiilii J l «JJ> I

•*Jg-*J J*jUL*»o j g j j uo d_Laj| . ,Jt_&g^J A j | .*J d j l y > wLojb ,,—oJ g-'.u.-p-fo *Jjl*J *jgj>g

dj .COUJI L-5_L«>LJ5> (Y • • \ ) C i ^ J b 3 0 ^YA) j .L^3 jJ^J ^L& d i i L L ^jjjt^ ^L& d i i L d5" ^J^> J^>

dj ^JuLxJU ^1^91 <]-J<J A-*_«jk d J 3 JJJ-^XJ Ja j J*J C J L J 3 ffc-klJ ( ^ ' j ' ^ L^1 -i *J>c-o Alg o u ._ C.L*IL>-I a

l_f^j Jo CXJ^ i ^^a j y j l uj| /yjy, 3 (Sii^oJ , - i " J LJ i i C J L J 3 rtj-IoJ j l .» i » u (jl^-LC- d j l j ! i ^ > A L O - J g J^S

LSLUJI JOLOJ (Jiilx. (_jLJiS (_JL&J^L) A J I g JJJIJL) CJ IJX . J\ J\ Zij^ 1^^-° ' j ^ J ^ ^\j3\ &S <^s> yt> AJ ' ^JUJ

g J ^ i d j C o oJ l j ^ ^ > lil^fll 4 ? ^3 oj ^ o l i i c L (^15" 3 ^ j l j i C ^ t ^^js- j l ft^cl) >i_^-XJ ji j>i l j ( ^ " J J j

. JLLlJ ^UJUAA^-I 4L^o j A J I .vj <C J^-I.U-.J C^J gJi-t.u-o g JLLilJo ^jJLLxjb g WVAJLLO vjgj> <c\Jb S £

tZSj\ O a g (_Jjl£«ja> (_fLlj_a j j CJ I jX . d5" fi^SLo A J I i j o j j j j i o l ^ s l L) J (^ ^ P Y ) iSjdS' ^\sCs.\ dj

J ^ a j A l j i t j ^ d j CU^-uJ i l ^ f l l d5" (_JJL^JJ g J ^ S ' (J^-* i i • t > L i ' 15-° i^i. '^Ji^ 15-° J ^ - ^ ^ J " ^ ? - <-£J (_jLocl

J3S d j CU^-uJ djcaL> i l^ f l l d_oJi j5"l .JL&!J ^0 (jLi-> l j ic1--'-0-^?"' d 5 " j L L a g (_JjljC«ji ^5^3-1 d j i JJ_LT ^0

'yj L^-LQJL>-} C-U JLU^-O g ( ^ j L X o j i 4 JulJljo Agi-u^-o A I d j C-o u J l j vjgj> g JJ uju JuLxJU vjgj> (^L&jl^9 g

. Job ^ ^ j j i o l ^S l i^uJy A_i_«ja> d j

L o ^ . ^ J M J ^ t ^ - 5 ^ 1 L ? > - ^ C^Jj. ' i c d5" JA>i ^ ^ L _ i J (Y J S J ^ - ) d ^ , ^ 3 ApJ S o i ^ i ^ a

. CXUJI dCLoj|jJ ( ^ j l i b j i x J a L j j l d jV i i lx . l j (_fLj>J 3 djVi i lx . (_fLj>J (_fL&j3lj ^LXJI j\ t^Lj^JSs

A J I j l . c* J\ L ^ L & U A (Y • ♦ A ^ O J I ^ J L J J I 5(Y • ♦V)|ol^j^fl 3 (^ ^AA) JJO IA ^ L a e j j L La disb A J I

CJLJ ^ J (_JLJ^ LJ A J oj dj>-l _o (_jl^j (_jI dJjLLa jLr3 j l UJ L^J J^ l oj djViiLc (_fLJ>J (_jL&J3L) La OLTJO^

j l ^ j L ^ o j j ^ ( ^ ^ A » ) J3-L j j l5 ' j() ^fij) <5JLJ . j U l c l d j .^S^L>-I J o j j (_jl^j (_jl d j ^ a j ( j *» i i ^ 3 ^ -»l

iSIjiil l i j l i i l j j j i l ^ i \ l ^ u j L i i i^s do (_jj-«l ( j '3^-* i l j >il^5l _y; <5iijl3 C<-i->^«.« 3 j - l - t j j j A V L U 5 " J ^ J JOJIJ^O

dj ^ L j L u j v j t»^u>-3-o LAJI ^^ i t l^ujLuj d j JJ -LJ ^^-O ^ ^ j J o j ^ L J v j jv j fcjl jj3l d3 C-^UJI A J I A ! A . A , ^ " ^^-LJU

dj d j>3j L) l j A I ^ X J ^ J L J J J ^ ^S^L> I (_J^j j j iA_J3-U^a iel5"jiJiS A J I d j ^ L a l i l .^3 oj ^ ^ L^ Joliilj 3 LIj^o

jo I ^ « i l^sl j UJ d5" (^J^L) L (jLttll j j i ^itj>j A L J dj .diS JL&I3J> j l^s ^J 'LJ CUTJ dJV^Lc (_fLJ^ ^jL&^Li

iZyuJ^l^jj^o J J U J3L A J I ^ U _ * - O yi £>j3 t»^u*j J A J J J 3 *J*J j j * ^^-o j u £>}j3] £>&>■ Csu^tS&A u JLL9J d j <^-$J d j

.wUiJ owUbLu -o ^J^L^jjl A-jL> j£>L*jjl cLa-uj jvj , ] L > ^ J (J3. l j j jw\- ; j IJ A '

(_JI^J dJV^Lc ^ L J ^ L ^ JI35 J L i j ^ ^s^L>-l 3 ^cU^js-l ^ y ^ ^ ) ^ - * * (V) J3^?- *J ^ y ' >

dj ^ L a l i l d5" C^hS AI3J ^ 0 A J I ^ J L J . O UJIIS ( p < * / * A ) j l iSbj ixSJaj l j ^ 3 ^ C d jV^Lc ,_fl J ^ 3 A I J 5oJ

dj d j>3j j£ ^.[^l>-\ 3 ^S^L> I (_J^j j j C-UJ3J u^a i ^o^aS. d jVi iLc (_ fL j ^ 3 A l^St j ^ i^'ji djVi iLc ( _ fL j j

. Juij>cj ^a tL f i j j l l j AJJI35

A J I j 3 l i L a . ^ 1 I f ^ o L A,3JIS dT ^ j b - y o . j j | a*^ j-i^Ai ^J^> *y> ^ t>j\^» C J I J ^ 3 ^ 3 - J l i

Page 11: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

iS JJ3J (—0 jLoJo do ^S^L> I J ' ^ J I ( ^Cy A-JI3S _>5tjij i-3jb j l . 03J0 CoLc-j Jolo L?ul j i i CJ I jX . iS o .

LAJJCJ I j c J l j X . 4J3 I JLSLi l 0 ^ P ( i ) OjLo .Jolo ,—o ( _ f j - ^ 4 j t^L> £cJa uJ j>i CJIJX. , j l o^>- L^ol t^tyb j l

. o o ^ f ^ 0 l ^y l 3 A ^ ^ O j j J £ jh-a ( 3 i j l a j l A ^ U . O J dC - J b O j j i ^oL-a j l C^LLol aySS\ ^ J ' l j

3 A i A i i ^ o j l ^S 4>3J >^J3-« ( j i ^ o ^ i_?3 "■> j l i lsH'5^ " — " i ^ . ; ^JU. y ' j cJ^ '5^ ^ ^T^ tSi^fll jS^£ ^ 3 UJ j l

do 4>3J 3 C o L c j j b uj'3^- i J L U 5 " COLC-J I J L^JI 3 JJ l i b dC l i b 4>3J A-JI3S do 3 ^ 45* djwol j l (j i^-J

^ ^ 3 ^ c doViiLc (_fLJio 3 A I ^ X J O (_f l^ doViiLc (_fLJio AJ iSlSlel I ^ ^ J ^ J A J J O . J-L1^J3> A I ^ X J O <_J3-UJ j ' L- J I

. C h i l l i JL&i3i- o l j ^ f t do l j A ^ J I ^ S do 4>3J j i i ^S^L> I J J O J sLaJjl t

3 *&1>-I ,_f^j Jo iJxJ^J; *^a L doVoLc (_fLJ>i (_JL&J3L SJOJIJ (V) J 3 ^ > » 0 ) ^ - ^ ^ ^Sj>i ,>£ ?u j o

(_jl^j doVoLc ^ f l o o L) c U ^ S - l 3 ^S^b i - I ^ ^ j o C i J ^ ^^a . O UJI dlS^S" j l^S ^ u j j ^ >ij3-a ^ c U ^ S - l

I O ^ A A ) J A J I A g i bJ L_j <ji^>33i <S^> ^^t- ( p < 4 / * ^ ) ^ j b L f j ' ^ ' '•M J=L j j ' o ' ^ i ^ i^Ltf 3 >i3-^>

c ^ J ^ i & L o J i (Y • • \ ) o ^ J b ^ I f t 4isL L> ^ 3 o ^J L-5_L&LJ3> (Y • • & ) J ^ J I ^ - L ^ I 3(Y • ♦ Y ) | o L ^ i

j l ^ S ^ > l Jo i j iiL«j| ( - IAJ (j*»ii tS'ji O ^ j - 0 ^ O^t^y^J "**! °5iy o^iyt L?'-* ^ -^4 j ' (_?^~^ o * * ^ "

.^3J djViilx. (_fLJ>i (_JL&J3IJ ( j i j ^ 3

dj j ^ U djV>ib ^LJ>i (_51AJ5IJ j l ^ g — ^ y ^J LS^=(f) ' ^ ^ 5 g—illJ d__^jL^>

,_jLJ.i ,_fL&j3lj ^ U J I d_J5" A ^ J j\t d i , j l i j o UJI (jLo-j 3 J ^ * J J M J ^ I S ^ ^ ^ " ' 3 <_sc'-0-:j:H iSji^

a^3J ^cLo^>- l 3 *&1>-I ,_f^j Jo ^ ^ 3 ^ ^^a (JLjjJ ( j ^ i i ( j l y e f ' j ^ ( j ' ^ i ^ <_?^ i j V ^ l x . (_fLj>i ' d j V ^ l c

i_f^j j o CXJ3 i i* a ( j l ^ i - 0 ( j ' ^ ~ L ^ <_?' J 4>Viilx. (_jl ;J i i d j J3L ( j l ^ i - 0 /ji>Ji j-9i l ; A i IS-;J<-« ( V ^ ; -1—> ">l

Li^i dj> y i d5" CUi5" j j l ^ j ^ 0 j^alji , j j Jo . COUJI d l i j V L ^ ( j U - J 3 J L ^ J J J L i J ^ ^S^ l>- I 3 ^c l o^ j s - l

j l i i )3^> v) (_f j V L ?da^j j l CJ lJx . 3 djVi i lx . )3-ol C-olx. 1 (Ojx. L C-olx. 1 JULJ j l A l fS j i i CX0LJ53 d j 4>3J >ii

t ^ : : ^>o ^ 0 3 ^ Jo JL»- d j 1 = 3 ^ ^ _^ol A j I 3. J i j C i b (JI b djl i x iSjSj_^ iS^ ^ h . ' a ^ ' ^ i j i ' t^'^H

dj j o l i d jVi i lx . (_fLj>i (_JL&J3L) (_fL& dLflJ3^ j] t ^ L j ^ u i d5" olo A I i j ( ( i ) ^ . ^ ^ 2 i ^ - J ^ ^ LS^ y ^ >

CJlJx. d j j l i j L du^o 3 A j | JCJUJ • J-i >L) (c-oJ ( j l t ^ i J J . J ^ L S ^ ^ * " <Sjt^ *—*irS* ^^° L S * ^ U** i i

^ ^ t _ ^ j jj* A J Jo .OJ-^XJ dj l O.^N o L—o . o .,0" J0I3I0 u Oj lo ^^-o olxS CXot53-o j l IJ^> l j 0 3 ^ o 3 . JJLoo ( ^ u

IJJ j j ^ i l o d i i b cijjW ^ J ^ 1 ^ 3 ^ LJ J-LLS" ^ 0 ^ UJ l^^itjo J L i j o i l^sl d5" ^JLPOI j l 4& c^hS ^\JJ

^ L ^ L u t i ^ 3 j l i i j ^ L J I ^ ol^sl ^ j>i LT J A O ^ J 3 ^ J C U ^ J AJJ do l j d > l doVoLc ^ U i ^ ^ 3 1

j - i j j j ( j i^- i ^-j j^Ls doVoLc (_fLJo (_jL&j3lo (_jL& dLaJ| j l t ^ L j ^ o i iS o b A I i J ^ J (p) d L ^ ^ i 2 " b j

j o j j iol^sl L ( j io i l5 ' 1 _^SJJ ^ J L H - ^ • ^ ^ " * ^ (VJl^J J L i j o ^ C L « J J > I 3 ^s^L>l ^ ^ J Jo CXJ3J ^ a

A ^ J ^ J L J j o *&1>-I 3 ^cLo^>- l ,_f^j Jo ^ ^ 3 ^ VJJS ji ( ^ ^ O ' L J o lo j ( j l j^ -a 4 J I doVoLc (_fLoo ,_fI k ^ l o

d j ^ l j A j | J L O J J > I J J J . CXUJI <5 i i o CUSIo A I L dol ijjs (^^Stjo (_fL& 4L9lo i 4^hj3 A j | (_jl^J . Jojloo

^^1^-LLA Jul)j ^cLa-uj j l jjLLo ^^S^l^-I Julij Joo jj* A3Jot d5 o S A - ^ ^ j 53!^ Aol AJ30 <~A I J 0J-0I C-^UJJO

^0 t—jlojlo LAJI J L * 3 J J O j - J A j L * * 5 * j j j 3 Au l3 j> 4 Aul3J>3J i A I J 03J ^ ^ I L ^ - L L A ^L^13u jo tC-^**A j - J 0^9

I j |OjV CjLaloJI 3 oJolo dCJ ib ^S^L> I J j L ^ a j l ^J_JO3J iJU>-Ll«i 45vJol rt>i.j ^ i c J l ^ 5 " j j J >J^3 ^ i - ^ k

03^5- j l ^S^L> I CXujjO J L - 9 J ^*>'3^J C-ouj| A5l«_a A^5"L)^5" J J V O do Lai iJ_ujb_io ^ J l j ^S^L> I j L l i j (_JljJ

J L ^ O j^ilS Aol (jl_)^« bol iA_uj| ^, '^a ^S^L>-I j L l i j j o d ^ ^ s o i ^S^L>-I J V J J - U J I A o l ^ b o .Jo»o J3_^

Page 12: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

(_JLJ>J ^ I A ^ L l i j ^> i d JVislc (_fLJ>i (_JL&J31J (_jla> d aJ|^ A L O j l d5" do A I £ j (Y) d^J^s g _ i b J

A J J j . C-ouj| 003J (J-J .-S^l^-I 3 ,_£.LoJj>l (^* j Jo CXJa l^^o J-uj j /c-^-o j i w J d j JOL9 AJ JXJO ^ 1 j j d j j o l £

^ C L O H J > I 3 ^ S ^ > l (_J^j j j CXJ3i^^a (jlj_»_o Al^Soi i (_?'^ djYi i lx- (_jLJii d j J3L A I ^ O i )*»i l j^ l 4 ^ 15^°

J J U j l A l JXJO CXUL*Z?3 dj>3j ,0 o j3 d j> J& d j CUA5* AI3J ,--« j o k? o ( V ^ ° . • ^ - ^ 1 dJL9u j L l L9| \-J (-15

3 ^S^L> I (_J j j j j CXJai-u^a t J o i u ,lo J 3 ^ > >J (_f j V u ■TTSCL^ j l CJ lJx . 3 djYi i lx- 13-01 C J I X - J A J X . L C o l f t

^_a dj>3j £ 3 ^ 3 ^ AjJ d j ^S^L> I j j j j P d L > j ^ j j iSljfll i <S jAS' <5l5"jjo j l . CXUJI _^J*VIJ j - J ( J ^ - IC^-L 0 -^?" !

j l^S dj>3j >ij3-a c J l J x . ^ 3 ^ 0 ' i\Ao ji \j j%~>_^5L>_ (_Jl& <5l5"jjo i_>l^>-l 3 l& 03^5" lil^fll dJ^X^- d ? J. u5"

CU^> j i i J0I3J j—0 A I ^ S O O (_ j l^ d j Vi i lx . (_jLJii (_JL&J3U J o i j do C*s& ( j i y ( < • i w ' ">l ( V I ^J J-L&ii j—c

. J_L5" iS^aS COUJI p ^CLLUJ 1>UJ3> d5" ^ s ^ L > l J J O J y^^> ^Aa^> d j L^j| s l i b j l 3 ol^sl ^ ^ L > l ^Ja^ j J J O J

u ^CJLLS d ^*jl_Lo JW-?"' ^ i^JL^o A I u j j i j & 3 ^ j A J I d ^*jl_Lo fi^^S L_5 (^4^^ C-003JOC-0 JiL>cJ d j

?zj y*& \A& d j JoL^) A l j j | j j ^ L i - ^ ^X lA jS Jaj|j-Jo d j dj>3j L3 C3S O J 3 ^ 3 ^f-yj^- d j L ^ o LL*-^J Cjl_fl-eL?o

A J I JJUJ.03-0J d^**jliLo ^f-ji^- d j L ^ o LL*-^J CJISLJSI^U U -.-fl ->.u-o 13-^ d j I , ,JL&3^j A J I ^\jb dIL9u / j l ^ -J

L I j d jVolx. ,_ fL jo (_JL&J3L 3 ^S^L> I J Joj J V J dakjl j 03 Jo ^ oL^.; i - j J_La dJ^U. , V u i a ^ u d j

.J-L&o j l ^5 ^^^ujj j j *JJ3-« ( ^ y ^-^uJ3 (^ jLol djcoL> u 3 ^ ^ L a ^ j ^ l (^L& j-otLo *JLUJ

U ^ 3 il^j ^3-J- U ^ M i : <Uo-y".( I A ^ J I T 3 fo—aiLia) J_^j ^LA dj^iij.( WAf) .^LJi3 {j-i£

.J_ujj C j l jLL lSh ( j l ^ J ' J 3 I Sr)'J?''(_ci'J?'J

. djV>ib ^ U J (JU.J3L ^ U * dLcl^.:!..,.,^ L ^Licl. ( YAA). U j j . ^ ^ ' t ^ H ^ s A ^ ^ ^ C ij5ji J f

.3J oljLiUl ^ l ^ j . J3I VL>.CJIJX 3 j ^ l i - l . (WAO-t^ j J - ^ " .A.L.S^OJ**

Branscomb, N.R., Owen, S., Garstka, T.A., & Coleman, J. (1996). Rape & occidental counterfactuals: Who might have done otherwise would it have changed the outcome? Journal of applied social Psychology, 26(12): 1042 -1067

Colby, A., & Kohlberg, L. (Eds.). (1987). The measurement of moral judgment (Vol.1). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Damon, W. (1977). The social World of the child, Jossy -Bass, Francisco Daugherty,T.K, & Esper, J.A. (1998). Victim characteristics and attributions of blame in male rape.

Traumatology, 4(2): 342-348 Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges and critical life events.

New York: Plenum Press. Demetriou, A., and Charities, L. (1986). The adolescent's construction of procedural justice as a function of

age, formal thought and sex.Int. j . Psychol.21: 333-353 Emler,N.(1991).What do children care about justice? The infuence of culture and cognitive development. In

Vermunt ,R.,and steensma ,.H(eds), social justice in human Relations. Vol.1: Societal and Psychological Origins of justice, Plenum, New York, pp123-150

Furnham, A. (2003). Belief in a just World: research progress over the past decade, Personality and Individual Differences, 34: 795-817

Page 13: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv

(^cUis-l ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw

Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley. Gilligan, C., (1977). In a different voice: omens conceptions of self and morality. Hayward educational

review, 47,481-517. Karniol, R. (1980). A conceptual analysis of immanent justice responses in children. Child Development, 51,

118-130 Kohlberg, L. (1963) The development of children's orientation toward a moral order: I. Sequence in the

development of moral thought. Human Development, 6,11-33. Karahe, B. (1988). victim & observer characteristics as determinants of responsibility attributions to victims

of rape .Journal of applied social psychology, 18(1), 50-58. Lerner, M.J. & Miller, D.T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead.

Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1050. Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world

for self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2: 666-677. Miller, j.G., and Bersoff, D.M. (1992). Culture and moral judgment: How are conficts between justice and

interpersonal responsibilities resolved, social Psychol ,62:541-554. McILveen,P . Schultheiss, D.E. (2012). Social constructivism in vocational psychology and career

development. Sense Publishers. Rotterdam: Boston. Oppenheimer, L. (2005). Identity and Social identity. Personality and Individual Differences, 38,1793-1803. Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child. New York : Free press. Pope,M.(2011). The career counseling with underserved population's model. Journal of Employment

Conseling, 48,153-156. Savickas.M. (2011). The self in vocational psychology: Construction, Object, subject, and project. In

P.J.Hartung & L.M.Subich (Eds.), develop self in work and career: Concepts, cases, and contexts (pp.17­33). Washington, DC: American Psychosocial Association.

Wlaker, l. J. (1948). sex differences in the development of moral reasoning: A critical review. Child development ,55: 677-691.

Page 14: ?6 -VV :i)li. oUi^ H6/VYA i^iy.Jb £i>- W/VU :JJ^J ~.>-psychology.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_532138_88dc8048c... · ,^> o O / )CQ lo^LoJo .C^«J ,^5jL>I l jJjL^w ^)9-a jv