ISLAMI QANOON E IJARAH - Internet Archiver JSiJr. lil ^Jjjl «jCp 1/ U-iilXwl ^Ic
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Transcript of ISLAMI QANOON E IJARAH - Internet Archiver JSiJr. lil ^Jjjl «jCp 1/ U-iilXwl ^Ic
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A lease consist a four part. First, there is an agreement between the owner of an asset (the lessor) and the pospective or current user of the asset (the lessee). Second. Pursuant to the agreement, the lessor transfer the use (but not the ownership) of the asset to the lessee.Third, the lessee compansates the lessor for the use of the asset, usually in the form of rent. Finally, after the predetermined period of use (the leas term) wich is less th^n the asset'seconomic life, the lessee returns the asset
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Amambal & Holiday Sail take city U.S.A. V.II Page No. 110)
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1- Gratuity and Pension if we go by the dictionary meaning, then of course
I: Published by ideal labour laws, Karachi. 1998. P : 6
gratuity appears to be a payment in the nature of gift, or reward paid to the emplayee by his employers in apriciation of his long and meritorious service, but in view of the modern nation of fair indestrial relations a claim for gratuity is a statutary right. It is to be paid in view of the service renderd in the past.A1 though gratuity is periodically, as long as pensioner is alive. How ever, the quantum of gratuity like pension bear relation to the lenth of service of the pensioners and amluments drawn by him while in service. But the payment on account of gratuity and pension are retiral benefits, the difference is that while gratuity is paid only once ar retirment pension is payable periodiclly during the life time of retired employee. (Union of India and others vail India service pensionassociat -Airl988sc -501 <1998 (2) See 580, 1988 (2) LLJ 196, 1988 (1) SLR 353)
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A Communication Satellite Channel Capacity and Leasing
Communication Satellite and SubsystemsA Communication Satellite is a wide band, high traffic capacity relay with continuity of service. The main sybsystems of a Communication
Satellite include Communication subssystem, (Antenna + Repeater), Telemetry Command and Ranging subsystem, Attitude Determintion and Control Subsystem, Electrical Power subsystem, Structure, Thermal Control subsystem and Pro pulsion subsystem.
ADVANTAGES AND SERVICES
Communication via satellites have established very rapidly due to its inherent advantages over other Communication media. These advantages include point-to-multipoint access, distance insensitivity, rapid installation flexbility and reliability, diverse applications etc. The services offered by Communication satellites include telephony, telex, television distribution and broadcasting, data transmission, mobile emergency Communication, radio/TV networking, air-traffic control, teleconferencing, distance education, medical and agricultural aids service, business services etc.
SATELLITE TRANSPONDER AND CHANNEL
In a Communication satallite the repeator subsystem perform the functions of amplification, processing and frequency translation for the of a satellite link is typically specified in terms of its cannel capacity, A channel is a one-way linkform a transmiting earth station through the satellite to the receiving earth station. The term channel may also apply fo television and data circuits as well. A circuit is a full-duplex link between two earth stations. The capacity of a link is specified by the types and number of channels.
TRANSPONDER LEASING
The leased satellite channel/transponder is described as making one or more satellite channels/transponders available to a customer for his dedicated use on the terms and conditions which may be setout in a lease agreement between the customer and the (satellite) Administration. User/Customer who leases
satellite channel/transponder from (satellite) administration may find that afer meeting its on needs it has excess transmission capacity on its dedicated network and may wants to resell some of that capacity to other users. It could collect revenuse by charging the secondary user a fee for a portion of its unused capacity. In international practice there are however, some strict porohibitions against this kind of resale, A list of satellite operators in Asia pacific region is attached.
Transponder Leasing
Through data compression, satellite capacity is expected to increase at some future date. This would create a potential opportunity to lease additional transponder space. The analysis projects a possible income stream for public television of about million in 1996 growing to about 7 million by 2000.The leasing of any excess capacit, however, will diminish the ability of public television to serve its fundamental educational mission, and would potentially displace other members of the
nreducational community that utilize the transponder capacity of public broadcasting for distance learning, instructional television, and educational outreach.It is assumed that all unassigned transponder growth capacity would be leased at market rates, which are assumed to decline to 550 per hour as future trandponder supply increases.To the extent that PBS has already indicated in public comments that it intends to use available satellite capacity for educational nerworks, BPS believes that it could attract criticism for leasing unused satellite capacity for commercial use. Addtionally, PBS belives that it may be able to generate more funds overall by leasing unused satellite capacity to educational networks, which would generate both leasing revenue (atbelowmarket rates) and corporate and foundation
. (1) grants.
(1): http: www.cpb.org/library/commonbenseassums08.html.
(Finance Leasing
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(1): Islamic finance, Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Karachi. Idaratul Maarif 1998. Page: 163.Theoratic Studies Islamic Banking and Finance Mohsin Khan and Abbas Mirakhor Institute of Recearch and Islamic Studies 1987. Hoston. USA. Page: 171.
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<£Li/F£-lrlf jf’b&r'Z!-dd&djt(Ta.x)iJ*jZ<z-kstlf‘(I) : Europena perception of Islamic Banking Institute of Islamic
Banking, Institute of Islamic Banking Insurance. 1996, London, Page:105
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1: Chitty on Contracts, sweet and max weel LTD, London Edition 24
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TV,^!: >tY<= iIslamic Finance. Page. No. 176
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