For qualitative research, protocols and procedures are required to enable a successful study

In, Qualitative research design a phenomenon in its natural (real-life) setting is examined.◦ Researcher should take into consideration and cope with

‘real world’ events Qualitative research exhibits a set of distinctive but

constricting preoccupations◦ Reflect epistemologically grounded beliefs about what

constitutes acceptable knowledge For qualitative research, influenced by

interpretivism Interpretivism maintain three related stances:

◦ Interpretive understanding◦ Symbolic interactionism ◦ Phenomenology

In Qualitative research design, a phenomenon in its natural (real-life) setting is examined

A scientific research map Action plan

◦ How data should be gathered? Help in increasing consistency and focus in

the data gathering process

Acts as a data collection tool How?

◦ Identifying the main touch points ◦ Identifying factors that are associated with main

theme of the research problem ◦ Identifying stakeholders ◦ Identifying a portfolio of benefits, and barriers◦ Identifying evaluation criteria

Specify who/what need to be interviewed/observed

Identify appropriate data gathering research methods and establish line of inquiry

Develop a timetable Identify and discuss supplementary

framework procedures

Seeing through the eyes of the people being studied

Description and the emphasis on context

Emphasis on process

Flexibility and limited structure

Concepts and theory grounded in data

In social sciences, people do attribute to the meaning of events in relation to their surrounding environment

Qualitative researchers express commitment to viewing events and social world through the eyes of the people that they study

(capable of their own reflections on the social world)

Example:◦ Marshall (1984) describes her self as an

“Interpreter ” rather than a “manipulator” of data.

‘Concerned with people’s meanings rather than testing hypothesis’

Taking the position of people you are studying will raise the prospects◦ Will be viewed differently from an outsider with

less direct contact!

qualitative research provides a great deal of descriptive details in reports ◦ Concerned with explanation ◦ Often concerned with the understanding of political and

economic interests Trivial details in qualitative studies are

significant for the subject being studied ◦ These details provide an account to the context of

people’s behaviour ◦ Hence, providing a thick description of setting, events

and individuals Emphasis on the importance of contextual

understanding of social behaviour ◦ Behaviour, values ..etc must be understood in context.

Qualitative research view social life in terms of processes ◦ Concern to show how events and patterns unfold

over time Strong sense of change and flux

“Is a sequence of individual and collective events, actions and activities unfolding over time in context”

[Pettigrew 1997]

Associated with ethnography method In Structured and semi structured interviews:

◦ Reflection on the processes leading up to or following on from an event

No ‘prior contamination’ by rigid schedules Sensitizing concepts Loosely structured approach

◦ Investigator does not require to develop highly specific questions in advance

Flexibility in change of direction

Inductive approach of Qualitative research Theory build up

◦ Theories and concepts arrive from the data collected

Fluency الطالقة◦ The ability to think of MANY ideas.

والمعاني األفكار من ممكن قدر أكبر إنتاج على القدرة أي Flexibility المرونة

◦ The ability to think of VARIED ideas. looking at things from different angles and perspectives.

متنوعة أفكار وإنتاج التفكير زوايا تغيير على القدرة أي Elaboration اإلفاضة

◦ The ability to think of UNUSUAL ideas. ◦ produce novel responses and ideas◦ The more ideas produced (Fluency), the greater the chance of

having a novel idea.معينة فكرة حول التفاصيل من ممكن قدر أكبر توليد على القدرة أي

Originality األصالة ◦ The ability to ADD TO ideas to make them better. ◦ Enriching ideas by adding to, explaining or including more

information.مألوفة غير أفكار توليد على القدرة أي

In Qualitative research design, a phenomenon in its natural (real-life) setting is examined

A scientific research map (Action plan) Qualitative Research Protocols

◦ Identifying touch points, factors, stakeholders, portfolio, and evaluation criteria

Qualitative research Procedures◦ appropriate data gathering, timetable, and

supplementary framework procedures Preoccupations of Qualitative Researchers

◦ Seeing through the eyes, context, process, Flexibility and limited structure, and Concepts and theory grounded in data