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Integrated PestIntegrated Pest

ManagementManagement(IPM)(IPM)

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM):Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a decision makingapproach to pest management that involves knowing thecrop, pest, ecosystem, and the relationship between thesecomponents. IPM focuses on long-term managementstrategies including biological control, cultural manipulation,

and using resistant varieties.

A pest management philosophy that utilizes all suitable pestmanagement techniues and methods to keep pest populationsbelow economicall! in"urious levels.

#ach pest management techniue must be environmentall!sound and compatible with producer ob"ectives.

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A pest management philosophyA pest management philosophy

$ecognizes that there is no %ure-all in pest control.

&ependence on an! one pest management method will have

undesirable effects.

&etermine and correct the cause of the pest problem.

'nderstanding pest biolog! and ecolog! is essential.

Manipulate the environment to the crops advantage and to

the detriment of the pest.

$ecognizes that eradication of a pest is seldom necessar! oreven desirable, and generall! not possible.

ome damage is unavoidable and acceptable

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IPM is a continuum, not an endIPM is a continuum, not an end

PoorPoor

*air*air

+ood+ood

etteretter

estest

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!earning "b#ecti$es!earning "b#ecti$es

%reate an understanding of IPMImportance of IPM to ProducersImportance of IPM to the environment

Importance of IPM to human health and safet!IPM strategiesdvantages and limitations to IPM

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Pest Management %acticsPest Management %actics

Pesticides %hemical control%ultural controlPh!sical and Mechanical controlanitar! control/atural controliological control0ost Plant $esistance

&"%': ome tactics all into se$eral categories

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Pesticides * +hemical controlPesticides * +hemical control

Pesticides %hemicals can be used in an IPM program,however onl! as a last resort and of course in a manner that islegal.

Pesticides are to be used when there is no risk ofenvironmental damage or when benefits outweigh the risks.

Monitoring pest populations in the field1...

Identif! the pest%ompare pest population and the economic threshold2ife stage susceptible to pesticide%rop stage and preventable loss

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+ultural +ontrol+ultural +ontrol

gronomic practices that are designed to34ptimize growing conditions for the crop.

5o increases a crops competitive edge which will result in

increased tolerance to pests often resulting in reduced

pesticide use.

%reate unfavorable conditions for the pest

Methods of pest control such as improving

ventilation to prevent attack b! termites or

improving h!giene and sanitation measures toreduce the risk of cockroach infestation should

alwa!s be undertaken, where possible, to make

conditions less favorable for pests.

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Physical Mechanical +ontrolPhysical Mechanical +ontrol

'ses machiner! andor other tools to control pestsPhysical barriers

%illage(+utting-+runching-Milling-.eating-/ebound)

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anitary +ontrolanitary +ontrol

Methods to avoid introducing a pest into a field%leaning field euipment

Planting certified seed

6uarantines

state, period or place of

isolation in which people or

animals that have been e7posed

to infectious or contagious

disease are placed.

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&atural +ontrol&atural +ontrol

#nhancement of naturall! occurring pest management

methods eneficial insects

eneficial microbes

Manipulation of biological organism to control pests

$elease of predatorsparasitesdisease of an insect or weed

%an be time consuming, e7pensive and difficult

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0ost Plant /esistance0ost Plant /esistanceManipulating the crop to withstand or tolerate pests/atural breeding method

+eneticall! modified plants

/ot a permanent method of control

#7amples3 +landular-haired lfalfa, t %orn

Bacillus thuringiensis

+ram-positive, soil-dwelling

bacterium, commonl! used as a

biological pesticide.

Gram-positive bacteria are

those that are stained dark blue

or violet b! +ram staining.

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'conomic In#ury !e$el'conomic In#ury !e$el

1eep pests below economic in#ury le$el'conomic In#ury !e$el:

+ost o control 2 Amount in rupees o damage caused by thepest Includes amount o pest damage

+ost o each control practice

+an be determined through e3tensi$e research

'conomic In#ury !e$el is the inormation that is necessary to

de$elop an 'conomic %hreshold, which is used by cropad$isors

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'conomic %hreshold'conomic %hreshold

5he densit! of a pest at which a control treatmentwill provide an economic return.Pest Population at which a grower must take action

to prevent a pest populations from reaching the

economic in"ur! level (#I2)'conomic threshold ('%) is slightly below the economic

in#ury le$el

Pest populations must be increasing

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Multidisciplinary ApproachMultidisciplinary Approach

A multi disciplinary approach to pestmanagement'ntomology

Plant Pathology

&ematology

4eed cience

+rop ciences (0orticulture*Agronomy)

oil cience

'cology

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IPM is not staticIPM is not static

&ew pestsoybean aphids * bean lea beetle

&ew races *strains o pests4estern corn rootworm

4eed species shits/oundup ready technology(5enetically Modiied Plants %echnology)

%illage systemPesticide resistance+olorado Potato .eetle

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6our .asic Principles o IPM6our .asic Principles o IPM 7nderstanding o the crop, pest, their en$ironment and

their inter relationships Ad$anced planning .alanced cost * beneits o all control practices /outine monitoring o crop and pest conditions

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7nderstanding +rop 5rowth and 8e$elopment7nderstanding +rop 5rowth and 8e$elopment

0ow to grow a healthy cropPotential pests o the crop4hen is the crop most susceptible to pest damage4hen is the crop under stress

Proper Identiication7nderstanding o Pest !ie cycle

4hen it is present4hen it is most susceptible to control

7nderstanding the Pest7nderstanding the Pest

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0ow does it aect crop growthtress

%ime within susceptible stage0ow it aects pest de$elopment

0igh mortality0igh sur$i$al

7nderstanding the 'n$ironment7nderstanding the 'n$ironment

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Protects en$ironment through elimination o unnecessary pesticideapplications

Impro$es Proitability /educes risk o crop loss by a pest Peace o Mind

Ad$antages o IPM ProgramAd$antages o IPM Program

8isad$antages8isad$antages /e9uires a higher degree o management

uccess can be weather dependent More labor intensi$e