Ann

ual T

ax P

er C

apit

a (£

ste

rlin

g)

Years

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

17751760174017201700

6-1 Tax Rates in Boston, 1645–1774

0

50

64

277

324

55

267

33

536

85100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Num

ber

of N

ew E

ngla

nder

s C

aptu

red

Kin

g Will

iam

's W

ar

Que

en A

nne'

s War

Kin

g G

eorg

e's W

ar

Seve

n Ye

ars'

War

Period

Befo

re 1

689

1689

-169

716

97-1

702

1702

-171

317

13-1

744

1744

-174

817

48-1

754

1754

-176

3Unk

nown

date

of ca

ptur

e

0

6-2 New England Captives, 1675–1763

Detroit

FortDuquesne

Fort Pitt

Wyandot Town (1747–50)

(1745–1748)

Kuskuski (Iroquois to 1755)Kuskuskies (Delawares) Logg’s

Town

LowerTown

Pickawillany(to 1753)

Fort Venango

Fort Niagara

Geneseo

FortOswego(to 1756)

Fort Ontario (1759)

Fort Presque IsleFort Le Boeuf

FortNecessity(1754)

FortLigonier

Kittanning(to 1756)

Fort CumberlandFort Bedford

AughwickCarlisle

Harris’ Ferry

Lancaster

Philadelphia

M I A M I S

MUNSEES-DELAWARES

SHAWNEES

T

T

T

Lake

Huron

L a k e

L a k e O n t a r i o

E r i e

Fort

Indian town

Colonial town

Trading postT

S EN

E C A S

0 100 Miles50

0 100 Kilometers50

DELAWARES

MaumeeR.

Miam

i R.

SciotoR.

Muskingum R .

Ohi

oR. M

onongahela

R.

Beaver R.

Cuyahoga R.

French Creek

Allegheny R. W

est Branc

h Susquehanna R.

Penn’s Cr.

Juniata R.

Susquehanna R.

Potomac R.

Delaware R.

Gene

see

R.

Hudson

R.

6-1 The Ohio River Valley, 1747–1758

0

0 50 100 Kilometers

50 100 Miles

French fort

British fort

British advance

French advance

French withdrawal

Battle (British victory)

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

ISLEROYALE

ISLEMADELEINE

ISLE ST. JEAN

PENNSYLVANIA

NEWYORK

CONNECTICUT

RHODE ISLAND

MASSACHUSETTS

NEWHAMPSHIRE

NEWBRUNSWICK

NEWFRANCE

NOVASCOTIA

MAINE(part of

Massachusetts)

NEW

JERSEY

MARYLAND

GASPEPENINSULA

Tadoussac

Quebec

Saurel

Falmouth

AnnapolisRoyal

Grand Pré

Halifax

Fort GaspereauFort CumberlandFort Lawrence

Fort St. Jean

Fort Pownall

Fort ChamblyFort St. JeanFort Isle Aux Noix

Fort La Galette

Fort George

Fort OswegoFort Niagara

Fort Little Niagara

Fort Presqu’isleFort Le Boeuf

Fort Le Boeuf

Fort Duquesne

Fort Carlyle

Harris’ Ferry

RaystownRedstone Old Fort

Fort NecessityFort Cumberland

Fort Stanwix

FortHerkimer

FortSt. Frédéric

SchenectadyAlbany Fort Dummer

Fort EdwardFort George

Fort Carillon

Crown Point

Fort Lévis

Fort Frontenac

Fort HalifaxFort Western

Fort Frederick

Louisbourg

Salem

Boston

New York

Trois Rivière

MontrealLachine

Delaw

areR.

Hud

son

R.

Conn

ectic

utR

St.Lawrence R.

Ottawa R.

1759

Amhe

rst 1

759

Amherst1760

Amherst 1758

Amherst 17

58

Wolfe 1759

L a k e E r i e

La k e O n t a r i o

Lak

eH

uro

n

Lake Attigonautan

6-2 The Second Phase of the French and Indian War, 1758–1763

0 300 Miles150

0 300 Kilometers150

0 300 Miles150

0 300 Kilometers150

BR

ITIS

HA

ME

RIC

AN

CO

LO

NIE

S

FRENCH BRITISHINDIAN

TERRITORY

SPANISH

FLOR

IDA

SPANISHTEXAS

Disputedby Great

Britain andFrance

Ceded by France 1762

Disputed by GreatBritain and France

LO

UI S I A N A

CA

NA

D AM

ississ

ippi

R.

Sabine R.

Missouri

R.Ohio R.

Ottawa R.

St.La

wren

ceR.

Miss

issip

piR.

Sabine R.

Missouri

R.

Ohio R.

Ottawa R.

St.La

wren

ceR.

G U L F O F M E X I C O

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

G U L F O F M E X I C O

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

SPANISH

Procla

matio

nLi

neof

1763

Lake Superior

Lake

Mich

igan

LakeH

uron

LakeErie

L. Ontario

Lake Superior

Lake

Mich

igan

LakeH

uron

LakeErie

L. Ontario

Hudson ’ s B ay Compan y

6-3 The North American Colonies Before and After the French and Indian War

NEWYORK

NEWJERSEY

PENNSYLVANIA

MARYLAND

VIRGINIA

NORTH CAROLINA

DELAWARE

0 100 200 Miles

0 100 200 Kilometers

La

ke

Mic

hi g

an

L a k eH

u r on

L a k e

E r i e

Lake Ontar io

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

Mis

sissip

pi

R.

Ohio R.

Wabash R.

Forts attacked or beseiged by Indians, held by British

Forts destroyed or abandoned, Indian victory

Edward Augustus

Michilimackinac

Detroit

St. JosephSandusky

Venango

Pitt

Le Boeuf

BedfordLigonier

Presque Isle

Miami

Ouiatenon

Missouri R.

Hudson

R.Green Bay

6-4 Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763

Val

ue (

£ st

erlin

g)

Years

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

Imports

1775177017651760

Imports

Exports

6-3 Trade Between England and the Colonies

Major Events Leading to the Revolutionary War, 1763–17741763 Proclamation of 1763 Confines colonists to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the Allegheny Mountains.1764 Sugar Act Drops duty on molasses to 3¢/gallon, but institutes procedures to make sure it is collected, such as

trial at Admiralty Court (closest is in Nova Scotia), where burden of proof is on defendant and verdictis rendered by judge rather than jury.

1764 Currency Act Forbids issuing of any colonial currency.1765 Stamp Act Places a tax on 15 classes of documents, including newspapers and legal documents; clear objective is

to raise revenue.1765 Quartering Act Requires colonies to provide housing in public buildings and certain provisions for troops.1766 Declaratory Act Repeals Stamp Act, but insists that Parliament retains the right to legislate for the colonies “in all cases

whatsoever.”1767 Townshend Revenue Act Places import duty on lead, paint, glass, paper, and tea; objective is to raise money from the colonies.1770 Boston Massacre Several citizens killed by British soldiers whom they had pelted with snowballs; grew out of tensions

caused by quartering of four army regiments in Boston to enforce customs regulations.1773 Tea Act After Townshend duties on all items other than tea are removed, British East India Company is given a

monopoly on the sale of tea, enabling it to drop price—and cut out middlemen.1773 Boston Tea Party To protest Tea Act, Bostonians dump 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor.1774 Intolerable Acts To punish Massachusetts in general and Boston in particular for the “Tea Party”:

1). Port of Boston closed until East India Company repaid for dumped tea.2). King to appoint Massachusetts’ Council; town meetings to require written permission of Governor;Governor will appoint judges and sheriffs, and sheriffs will now select juries.3). Governor can send officials and soldiers accused of capital crimes out of Massachusetts for their trials.4).Troops may be quartered in private homes.

1774 Quebec Act Gives Ohio River valley to Quebec; Britain allows Quebec to be governed by French tradition andtolerates Catholic religion there.

1774 First Continental Congress Representatives of twelve colonies meet in Philadelphia and call for a boycott of trade with Britain, adopta Declaration of Rights, and agree to meet in a year.

TABLE 6-1