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Future Activities

NEESR: International Hybrid Simulation of Tomorrows Braced Frame Systems

CMS-0619161 PI: Professor Charles Roeder, University of Washington, Seattle

Braced frame systems offer an attractive solution to satisfy multiple design criteria within a performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework. If detailed properly, their displacement and energydissipation capacities can meet severe demands resulting from extreme events. However, researchresults have indicated that current design methods prevent braced frames with traditional and buckling-restrained braces from achieving their potential. The dynamic behavior of three-dimensional steel braced

frame building systems is complex and often highly nonlinear. Assessing seismic performance in thecontext of the true system response and developing practical engineering tools are central objectives ofthis proposal.

Professor Stephen Mahin from the University of California, Berkeley will use advanced hybrid simulationresearch methods and international, cooperative investigation to develop performance-based tools andtechniques for advanced seismic engineering of steel braced frame systems. The hybrid simulations

planned for nees@berkeleyinvolve several full-scale brace frames, similar to the one shown below. Theframes, whose base shear capacity is almost 3,000 kips, will be tested to evaluate the interaction amongthe gusset plates and braces on one side and beams and columns on the other side of the gusset plateconnection during earthquakes.

NEESR: Innovative Applications of Damage Tolerant Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious

Materials for New Earthquake-Resistant Structural Systems and Retrofit of Existing

Structures CMS-0530383 PI: Professor J. Wight, University of Michigan

NEES testing facilities and associated simulation capabilities will be used to develop new coupled wallsystems and retrofit schemes for framed construction through the use of high-performance fiberreinforced cement composites (HPFRCC). This research was conceived from the idea that the nextgeneration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures should utilize ductile cementitious materials in criticalregions, rather than extensive reinforcement detailing, to provide shear resistance and concreteconfinement. The development of ductile precast HPFRCC infill panels will result in an effective andpractical method for enhancing the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capabilities of deficient steeland RC frame structures, while allowing them to remain in full service during rehabilitation activities. Theresults of this research will provide the NEES community with the capability of using more sophisticated

simulation models for hybrid testing of structural systems featuring HPFRCC.

Professor Sarah Billington from Stanford University is planning to conduct a hybrid simulation test toevaluate the seismic response of a steel moment-resisting frame filled-in using specially designedHPFRCC panels. Individual panels have been tested at the University of Michigan under static loading.The tests planned for nees@berkeleyare designed to examine the behavior of a system of panels andtheir interaction with the steel frame.

NEESR: Experimental Determination of Performance of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural

Systems under Seismic Loading CMS-0619157 PI: Professor K. McMullin, San Jose StateUniversity

This project addresses critical needs for the earthquake engineering community in providing quantifiedvalues for the force-displacement relationships of nonstructural building components systems includingfacades, plumbing and stairways. The data obtained from the project will allow building engineers tomodel performance of these systems in both existing and future building designs. Improved computermodeling tools for use with existing commercial software will be produced to simulate the response of

these systems to seismic excitation. Included in the performance of nonstructural components will be acase study of the deconstruction of the components for both re-use and recycling of materials. A repaircost analysis of a prototype nine-story steel frame building will be made to develop a relationship betweendamage cost of nonstructural components and peak drift a building experiences during an earthquake.

Professor Bozidar Stojadinovic from the University of California, Berkeley, is planning to conduct two testson a 2-story model of the building cladding, piping and ceiling nonstructural systems typical for steel

moment frame buildings. The REPEAT frame, a reconfigurable steel frame with coupon-clevisconnections, will be used to support the nonstructural elements. The first, quasi-static, test will be used toidentify the properties and failure modes of the nonstructural elements. The second test, a hybridsimulation, will be used to examine how the nonstructural elements will interact with each other during anearthquake.

NEESR-III: Large-Scale Testing and Micromechanical Simulation of Ultra-Low-Cycle Fatigue

Cracking in Steel Structures CMS-0421492 PI: Professor Amit Kanvinde, University ofCalifornia, Davis

The PI and collaborators have developed a plan to test column base plate connections to evaluateseismic performance. The next phase (Phase III) of research will be conducted at the nees@berkeleyequipment site between June and September 2007. A final phase (Phase IV) of research will beconducted from June August 2008. The NSF-NEESR project has been extended and now expires on 31October, 2008. The final phase will be conducted with the helped of NEESR as well as AISC funds. Theaim of the project is to investigate shear transfer mechanisms in column base plate details. Thespecimens are representative of column base plates in braced frames, and incorporate the effect of axialload on shear capacity. Various issues, including grout friction, anchor rod fracture and shear-key failurewill be investigated. Although the details have not been finalized yet, approximately six large scalespecimens of column base plates will be tested during Phase III, and six more during Phase IV. (Pleasesee illustrative figure below. Actual setup may differ.)

nees@berkeleyNEESR Activities

http://nees.berkeley.edu

Current ActivitiesHybrid Simulation of Base Isolated Structures

PI:Stephen Mahin (UC Berkeley)Graduate Student: Andreas Schellenberg (UC Berkeley)Description: The goal of this Equipment Enhancement and Improvement (EEI) project is to develop

a hybrid simulation algorithm for a 6 degree of freedom system that would produceresults well correlated to shaking table tests

Test time:December, 2006 - May, 2007Test laboratories:nees@berkeleyLaboratory; EERC Shaking Table Laboratory

Participant:UC Berkeley

Real-Time Geographically Distributed Hybrid Simulation Using the Internet

PIs:Stephen Mahin and Gregory Fenves (UCBerkeley)Graduate Student:Andreas Schellenberg (UCBerkeley)Description: Mr. Jon Lea, with help from Andreas Schellenberg, successfully conducted the

first-ever real-time hybrid simulation over the Internet. The structure was modeled usingOpenSees on a portable computer located in the NEES Inc. headquarters in Davis, CA.It had a physical component located in the micro-nees lab of the nees@berkeleyequipment site. The connection between the computer and the physical model wasestablished through a general-purpose Ethernet connection and managed using theOpenFresco framework. A 32-second long earthquake record was applied to the hybridmodel in a simulation that lasted 32 seconds.

Test time:December, 2006Test Laboratiories:NEES Inc; nees@berkeleyLaboratoryParticipants:NEES Inc; UC Berkeley

NEESR-I & II: Large-Scale Testing and Micromechanical Simulation of Ultra-Low-Cycle

Fatigue Cracking in Steel Structures

PI:Amit M. Kanvinde (UC Davis) andGregory G. Deierlein (Stanford University)Graduate Students: Benjamin V. Fell (UC Davis)and Andy T. Myers (Stanford University)Description: The aim of the project was to investigate Ultra-Low Cycle Fatigue (ULCF) in large-scale

welded steel columns. The extensive experimental study was complemented bydetailed continuum-based FEM and micromechanics-based models that capture the

fundamental processes of void growth, collapse, and damage responsible for ULCF.

Test time:Phase I: October-December, 2005; Phase II: August-September, 2006

Test laboratories:nees@berkeleyLaboratoryParticipants:UC Berkeley; UC Davis; Stanford University

The project team:

Bozidar Stojadinovic (PI), Nicholas Sitar (Co-PI)Don Clyde (Equipment Site Operations), Shakhzod Takhirov (Test Operations)Wesley Neighbour (System Operations)Nancy Nelson (Administration and EOT Coordinator)Donald Patterson and Debra Bartling (System & Network Administrators)David MacLam, Jose Robles and Nathaniel Knight (Tech Supports)Ninh Trinh (Administrative Assistant)

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Workshops

The nees@berkeley equipment site hosts workshops on hybrid simulation that attractresearchers from around the world interested in learning about this exciting technology. Hybridsimulation is a set of methods for examining the seismic response of structures using a modelcomprised of both physical and numerical substructures. These workshop are for NEESresearchers, both current and future.

During the workshop, the basics of hybrid simulation are reviewed, including similituderequirements for model design, model implementation including integration methods, andsimulation result interpretation. Demonstrations of hybrid simulation are conducted using thenees@berkeleyhardware and OpenSees and OpenFresco softwares. Hybrid simulations aredeveloped with the help of our staff, implemened and run at nees@berkeleyequipment site.

April 2007 Workshop December 2006 Workshop

Tours

The nees@berkeleyequipment site conducts tours for visiting researchers, engineeringprofessionals and members of the general public. Recent visitors to our facility have comefrom:

Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, Morocco Oakland Unified School District, Instructional Services, Oakland CA Halla Engineering and Construction Corp, Seoul, Korea Technical Mission of Chilean Professional Engineers (US State Dept.), Chile

Universidad Mariano Galvez de Guatemala, Guatemala Myongji University, Seoul, Korea School of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Hubei, China

University of San Francisco, architecture students, San Francisco, CA Nikken Sekkei LTD, Tokyo, Japan Graduate School of Journalism, The Knight New Media Center, UC Berkeley, Berkeley

CA Chancellors Office, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

We recently participated in two open house events: Celebration by the Bay, October 15, 2006, the watershed project, Richmond Field

Station, UCB. Cal Day Open House, April 22, 2007, U.C. Berkeley, Richmond Field Station, UCB.

K-12 Education

We are developing a field trip program for classes from local middle and high schools. Withthe assistance of a high school student intern and two undergraduate students from CAMP(California Alliance for Minority Participation in Science, Engineering and Mathematics), wehope to have a final program available for fall of 2007. This program will consist of a slideshow about earthquake engineering and a tour of the EERC and nees@berkeleyequipmentsites. Early drafts of scripts for both of these are being reviewed. We are also developing aconstruction project. This project involves a small structure that can be built in the classroomand brought to the EERC / nees@berkeleyequipment site to be tested on our small shakingtable as part of the tour. Alternatively, we can broadcast the tests of the structures so thestudents can watch from their classroom. We will be hosting 60+ teachers in late June for anafternoon of talks and tours about earthquake engineering which will end with a brainstormingsession about our proposed program. We are hopeful that this session will give us someinsight and will strengthen our program.

Video Nuggets

We are planning to work with a local high school teacher to develop a protocol for video

nuggets to be prepared for each project in our lab. These nuggets can then be used aseducational tools alone or as a part of a presentation on earthquake engineering. We hope touse this protocol to edit footage of older tests that are of interest to the earthquake engineeringcommunity as well as to educators.

Research Experience for Undergraduates

This summer, we are hosting undergraduates from the CAMP program and the NEES REUprogram. The CAMP students will be helping us with our K-12 outreach program. The NEESREU, Jorge Camacho, will be working with Amit Kanvinde on his NEES-R project.

NSLC Engineering Summer 2007 Program at UC Berkeley

The nees@berkeleyequipment site will host over 200 high school students from across thecountry this summer from the National Leadership Training Conference. They will viewpresentations about earthquake engineering and tour our laboratory facilities. In the summer of2006, we hosted 145 students for the same program.

The project team:

Bozidar Stojadinovic (PI), Nicholas Sitar (Co-PI)

Don Clyde (Equipment Site Operations), Shakhzod Takhirov (Test Operations)

Wesley Neighbour (System Operations)

Nancy Nelson (Administration & EOT Coordinator)

Donald Patterson and Debra Bartling (System & Network Administrators)

David MacLam, Jose Robles and Nathaniel Knight (Tech Supports)

Ninh Trinh (Administrative Assistant)

nees@berkeleyEducation and Outreach

http://nees.berkeley.edu