* GB785553 (A)

Description: GB785553 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Clutch means for driving a textile spinning or twisting spindle or a yarncarrier thereon

Description of GB785553 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,553 I,, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 31, 1955. No 9351155. Application made in Germany on, A pril 6, 1954. Comn piete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 80 ( 2), C 1 (A 11 A E 4), P 4; and 120 ( 2), D 2 L( 5 SB: 5 D: SE: 6). International Classification:-Do 2 d Fo 6 d, h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Cluich Means for driving a Teste Spinning or Twisting Spindle or a Yarn Canriler thereon We, SCHIESS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Hansa-Allee 289, Duisseldorf-Oberkassel, Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to textile spinning or twisting spindles and, more particularly, to clutch means for use in connection therewith. Spinning and twisting spindles, particularly those which are driven by a driving shaft through a positive drive such as worm wheel drive, screw drive or spur gear drive, comprise a clutch by means of which the spindles may be driven or may be drivingly connected to or disconnected from the driving shaft The heretofore known clutches used in connection with such spinning or twisting spindles act by positive connection and/or frictional connection, for instance, while taking advantage of the centrifugal force of more or less heavy clutch members Therefore, clutches of this type are relatively sensitive to torque When large cop weights have to be dealt with, the clutches must

accordingly be dimensioned rather heavy and voluminous in order to assure a safe carrying along of the loaded spindle In as much as the space available for arranging the clutch and driving elements for each spindle of a spinning or twisting machine is limited and cannot be increased without considerable changes in the entire construction of the machine, it is an object of the present invention to provide a clutch for spinning or twisting spindles which will allow a reliable operation of the spindle, even when large cop weights and greatly varying speeds are concerned, without considerable changes in the spinning machine. It is another object of this invention to provide a spinning or twisting spindle with lPrice 3 s 6 d l clutch means which will make it possible to start operation of the spinning or twisting spindle without shock. It is still another object of this invention to provide a spinning or twisting spindle with 50 clutch means which requires relatively little space and which will automatically be braked when the spinning or twisting spindle is drivingly disconnected by means of the clutch pertaining thereto from the drive shaft for 55 said spinning or twisting spindle. According to the present invention clutch means comprises two clutch members on one and the same driven shaft, being relatively movable co-axially for engagement and dis 60 engagement and one being rotatable with said shaft and the other being freely mounted on the shaft and being in driving connection with the spindle or being part of the yarn carrier, one of said clutch members being 65 provided with positive-drive coupling teeth or jaws and also with a cylindrical outer friction surface, said teeth and friction surface being displaced axially with respect to one another, and the other clutch member being 70 provided with positive-drive coupling teeth or jaws feor co-operation with the coupling teeth or jaws of the first-named member and also being provided with an inner friction surface for co-operation with the friction sur 75 face of said first-named member, the arrangement being such that the coupling teeth or jaws of the respective clutch members, when the latter are disengaged, are axially spaced by a distance greater than the 80 axial spacing between the friction surfaces of the respective clutch members, so that when one clutch member is rotated and the two clutch members are moved relatively axially for engagement, the friction surfaces will 85 frictionally engage one within the other prior to the engagement of the coupling teeth or jaws. The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in 90 icn 1 ' which: Fig 1 represents a longitudinal section through the drive of a

positively driven spinning or twisting spindle provided with a clutch, according to the invention, said clutch being in its disengaged position. Fig 2 is a section similar to that of Fig 1 showing the clutch in its engaged position. Fig 3 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view illustrating the operating mechanism for the clutch of Figs 1 and 2. Fig 4 represents a longitudinal section through another embodiment of the invention. Fig 5 represents a longitudinal section through still another embodiment of the invention. The clutch according to the present invention for first establishing frictional driving connection and subsequently positive driving connection between the parts to be driven may be designed as hereinafter described. Thus, for instance, one member of such clutch may be embodied in a sleeve or slicing member which is drivingly connected with the driving shaft while being displaceable in axial direction thereof Said clutch member co-operates with a clutch member on a driven part which may either be an element of the drive itself or of a yarn carrier The sleeve or sliding member and the driven part are provided with frictional surfa S ard with means adapted to act as positive coupling members The said frictional surfaces and the positive coupling members are arranged relative to each other in such a manner that when the clutch is engaged, first frictional connection between the elements to be coupled together will be effected and subsequently positive driving connection will be established between said parts to be coupled to each other When driving a plurality of spindles from a single driving shaft, the clutch assembly is expediently so designed that it can be mounted as a unit on the drive shaft by means of an adjustable sleeve adapted to be fixedly connected to the drive shaft Thus, the clutch sleeve may be mounted on a resilient slotted sleeve adapted to be clamped to the drive shaft and provided with an abutment The arrangement may be such that said clutch sleeve is axially movable toward a drive wheel rotatably mounted on the same sleeve The clutch members are so designed that those surfaces thereof which first engage each other when the clutch is engaged are frictional surfaces of such width that the yarn carrier is carried along by frictional connection Said frictional surfaces of both clutch members are followed by positive clutch members, for instance, jaws which are adapted to engage each other with lateral play If desired the arrangement may be such that the driven part may be provided with frictional and positive drive connecting elements and is displaceable toward a similarly designed clutch member which is rotatably connected to the driving

part but is not displaceable thereon 70 The actuating member for the displaceable clutch part may also operatively be connected with spindle braking means, which, when disconnecting the clutch, will exert a braking force upon the yarn carrier so as 75 quickly to stop the same. Referring now to the drawings in detail and Figs 1 to 3 thereof in particular, the structure shown therein comprises a spindle rail 1 of a textile spinning or twisting machine 80 in which the spindle drive shaft 2 common to all of the spindles on the same side of the machine is journalled In conformity with the respective spacing of the spindles, drives for the drive of the individual spindles are 85 arranged on the drive shaft 2 According to the embodiment shown in Figs I to 3, said drives comprise helical wheels 3 arranged to mesh with the helical thread 5 at tile Ilwer end of the respective spindle 4 90 With this arrangement the drive wheel 3 is freely rotatably mounted on a sleeve or bushing 6 which serves as carrier for the entire clutch assembly so that the latter can be mounted as a self-contained unit upon the 95 drive shaft 2 To this end the sleeve 6 is provided with slots 7 which give resiliency to said end of the sleeve One end of the sleeve 6 is provided with a flange 8 which serves as an abutment at one end of the 100 sleeve, whereas the abutment at the other end of the sleeve is formed by a ring 9 by means of which the sleeve 6 can be clamped fast to the driving shaft 2 This arrangement allows a precise adjustment of all driv 105 ing wheels 3 on the drive shaft 2 with regard to the individual spindles 4 (one spindle only being shown). The drive wheel 3 is fixedly connected to a bearing bushing 10, which is freely rotat 110 able on shaft 2, by means of a key 11 so that the wheel 3 cannot rotate on the bushing 10. On that side of the drive wheel which is remete from the adjusting ring 9, there is arranged a clutch sleeve 12 which is non 115 rotatably connected to the sleeve 6 by means of a key 13, but which is axially displaceable so that the clutch sleeve 12 will be carried along by shaft 2 when the latter is rotated. The clutch sleeve 12 is so designed and 1 arranged that it is out of engagement with the drive wheel 3 when its outer surface abuts the flange 8 of the sleeve 6. In order to bring about driving engagement between the clutch sleeve 12 and the 125 drive wheel 3 in the manner intended by the present invention, the clutch sleeve 12 is according to the particular structure shown in the drawing designed hollow, whereas the drive wheel is provided with an extension 13 G extending in the direction toward said clutch sleeve 12 Said extension is adapted to enter a corresponding recess in the clutch sleeve 12 when the latter is moved

against the drive 785,553 While the clutch sleeve 12 is being moved further joward the drive shaft 3, the clutch teeth 19, 20 will engage each other without 70 shock, parti'cularly since they are arranged with peripheral play with regard to each other, whereby a positive engagement and drive of the spindle 4 to be driven is assured. After the clutch sleeve 12 has been com 75 pletely engaged, the friction ring 15 springs into the annular groove 18 a of the frictional member 18 connected to the clutch sleeve 12, thereby preventing accidental disengagement of the clutch parts (Fig 2) 80 If the spinning or twisting spindle is to be stopped, the clutch sleeve 12 is by means of the lever 24 shifted in the direction opposite to that indicated by arrow a, so that first the teeth 19 and 20 and only subse 85 quently the frictional surfaces 15 and 18 disengage each other Simultaneously with this operation, the spindle 4 is braked by the braking member 25. Fig 4 illustrates a spindle 4 which through 90 the intervention of a whorl 26 and a belt is driven directly and constitutes a driven shaft. The whorl 26 is shrunk upon the spindle 4 so as to be fixedly connected thereto or may in any other way be non-rotatably and non 95 disulaceably mounted on said spindle 4. Above the whorl there is a yarn carrier 27 or bobbin Icosely placed upon the spindle 4 in s-ch a manner that it can rotate about the spindle, if desired, by means of anti-friction 100 bearings (not shown in the drawing) This yarn carrier 27 is also adapted to be moved in the direction of the double arrow c The term "yarn carrier" is to be understood generally to indicate any member or part of 105 the spindle which receives the cop forming member such as yarn sleeve or bobbin. The whorl 26 is provided with a hub extending in the direction toward the yarn carrier 27 This hub carries a frictional 110 clutch member, namely, the friction ring 28, and also carries positive clutch elements, namely, the teeth or jaws 29 which are adapted to engage corresponding teeth or jaws 31 provided around the interior of a 115 cavity in the lower end of the yarn carrier 27 The operation of the arrangement according to Fig 4 is similar to that described in connection with Figs 1 to 3 When the yarn carrier 27 is moved downwardly from 120 the position shown in Fig 4 by any convenient means, first the friction ring 28 frictionally engages the jaw-like elements 31 so that the yarn carrier is smoothly brought up to the speed of the driving whorl 26 When 125 the yarn carrier 27 is moved further downwardly, the teeth or jaws 29 engage the teeth or jaws 31 so that the yarn carrier 27 is now positively carried along by the whorl 26 The friction ring 28 then snaps into the recess 30 130 and thus serves as safety holding devices for the clutch In order to stop the yarn carrier, the yarn carrier is lifted, preferably by the same

device by which it was lowered, wherewheel 3. The extension of the drive wheel 3 is formed by rings 14, 15 The ring 14 represents a spacer ring, whereas the ring 15 has its circumferential surface provided with a friction liner or is a frictional divided and expansible ring which by means of the key 11 common also to the wheel 3 is prevented from rotating about the bushing 10 The rings 14, 15 are 'prevented from moving in axial direction by a spring ring or circlip 16. The frictional ring 15 is expediently designed as a divided expansible and contractable spring ring having different cross-sections that makes it possible when being compressed to allow uniform deformation and thereby uniform pressing pressures. In the front portion of the recess 17 of the clutch sleeve 12 there is provided an annular frictional surface 18 That portion of said frictional surface 18 which is adjacent the front edge of the sleeve 12 has'a smaller diameter than the subsequent portion of said annular frictional surface or frictional member 18 Said last mentioned portion of said frictional member 18 thus forms a kind of annular groove 18 a as is clearly visible from Figs 1 and 2 When the clutch is engaged, the frictional ring 15 can snap into said annular groove as is clearly shown in Fig 2. When the clutch is engaged by moving the clutch sleeve 12 in the direction of the arrow a (Fig 1), the parts 15 and 18 establish frictional driving connection The positive driving connection is established by means of clutch teeth or clutch jaws 19 at the inner face of the sleeve 12 when said teeth or jaws 19 engage corresponding teeth or jaws 20 on the drive wheel 3 This will occur when the clutch sleeve 12 is moved in the direction of the arrow a until it abuts the drive wheel 3. The displacement or shifting of the clutch sleeve 12 is effected bv means of a fork 22 engaging the groove 21 of the clutch sleeve 12 The fork 22 is adapted to be actuated by means of a lever 24 which is connected to the fork 22 by means of a pin or shaft and an additional lever arm 23 The pin or shaft is journalled in and guided by a sleeve mounted in the spindle rail 1, as shown The lever 24 may be provided with an extension 25 extending in the direction toward the respective spinning or twisting spindle 4 This extension 25 may be designed as a braking member for frictionally engaging the spindle 4 when the lever 24 is moved angularly for withdrawing the clutch sleeve 12 from coupling engagement with the drive wheel 3, i e, when moving the clutch sleeve 12 in the opposite direction to the arrow a from the position shown in Fig 2. From the above, it will be evident that when engaging the clutch sleeve 12, first the frictional surfaces or members 15 and 18 will

frictionally engage each other, whereby the drive wheel 3 will be quickly but smoothly brought up to the speed of the drive shaft 2. 785,553 upon the coupling or clutch parts will be disengaged from each other in a manner inverse to that described above. If it is not desired or not permitted to move the yarn carrier in axial direction, the arrangement may be modified as shown in Fig 5 In this instance, the spindle shaft 4, either driven positively by a screw wheel drive 2, 3, 5, or in a direct manner by a whorl 26 (indicated in dash lines), is provided with a splined section 32 on which a sleeve 33 is axially displaceable in the direction of the double arrow d Above said sleeve 33 there is arranged the yarn carrier 271 which is rotatable about the spindle shaft 4 but is not axially movable thereon The sleeve 33 and yarn carrier 271 are provided with frictional and positive engaging elements 28 ' and 291, 311 respectively, which represent the coupling members designed and operating in a manner sirnilar to those described in connection with Figs 1 to 4 These clutch elements 28 ', 291, 311 will, depending on the axial movement of the sleeve 33 in one or the other direction, cause the yarn carrier 27 ' to be driven by the drive shaft 2 or to be stopped.

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* GB785554 (A)

Description: GB785554 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Thrust-bearing structure

Description of GB785554 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,554 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April

12,1955. No 10507/55. A plication made in France on April 14, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 12 ( 1), A( 2: 5 B 4). International Classification:-Fo 6 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION " 1 Thrust-bearing structure " We, SO Ci ETE ALSACIENNE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECANIQUES, a French Body Corporate, of Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin, France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to thrust bearing structures of the type in which a liquid set under pressure by centrifugal forces resulting from the rotation of a rotary member is interposed in an annular chamber provided for this purpose, between an annular surface of a fixed part and an annular surface of the rotary member, so as to maintain in the said annular chamber a liquid pressure increasing with the speed of the rotary member and tending to urge the rotating surface away from the fixed one, suitable means such as axial ball-bearings being provided to limit the relative axial displacement between said rotary member and fixed part, at least in one direction. In the known thrust-bearing structures of this type, the liquid is set under pressure in the annular chamber proper into which it is fed near the shaft, means being provided to cause rotation of the liquid, so as to generate centrifugal forces to urge the liquid towards the periphery of the chamber to thereby build up the desired liquid pressure in said chamber. Now, since, in such an annular chamber, the liquid remains in frictional contact with the fixed parts, in spite of the action of the means provided for ensuring its rotation and whatever may be the said means (blades attached to the rotary member, grooves in the wall of said member, etc), the action of the centrifugal force remains hindered, so that the average pressure of the liquid in the chamber cannot overcome, -in the best conditions, a value substantially equal to half the pressure near the outer periphery of said lPrice 3 b 46 d ' chamber. The present invention has for an object to provide a thrust bearing structure of the type described, wherein a liquid pressure is built up in the rotary member proper which is so 50 designed as to cause positive rotation of the liquid without any counteracting friction, the said pressure liquid being continuously fed into the usual annular chamber, to thereby maintain in the latter a far higher average 55 pressure than in the known thrust bearing structures.

For this purpose, there is provided according to the present invention a fluid thrust bearing for a rotary shaft comprising a 60 stationary member freely surrounding a part of the shaft and a rotor rotating with said shaft and providing with said stationary member a pair of mutually facing annular surfaces at least one of which is recessed to 65 form an annular liquid pressure chamber, characterised by the fact that the rotor com prises a plurality of radial liquid passages extending from the inner periphery of the rotor to a point near the outer periphery 70 thereof, and that an outer region of said liquid pressure chamber and the outer ends of the radial passages are interconnected by axial liquid passages, means being provided to conduct liquid to the inner ends of said 75 radial passages wherdby centrifugal force will cause the liquid in said radial passages to flow through said axial, passages into said outer region of the chamber to thereby create in said chamber a mean liquid pressure 80 higher than that which may be created by the sole centrifugal action of the liquid contained in the chamber. The annular chamber may be perfectly smooth and preferably contains fixed blades, 85 so as to reduce to a minimum the action of the centrifugal force in the said annular chamber, the pressure liquid from the rotor being fed near the periphery of the said annular chamber 90 Stationary liquid conducting means may be provided in the fixed part, to collect liquid at maximum pressure near the periphery of the annular chamber, the said liquid being then re-injected near the inner periphery of the said chamber. With this last arrangement, the high liquid pressure created in the outer region of the annular liquid pressure chamber by the centrifugal action of the liquid conducted to the radial liquid passages of the rotor may still be increased by centrifugal action of the liquid contained in the annular liquid pressure chamber. The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a thrust bearing structure according to the invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1 taken in the direction of the arrows, and, Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of two alternative embodiments. Re-erring first to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown at 2 a shaft subjected to an axial thrust acting in the direction of the arrow F of Figure 1, i e from the right towards the left in this Figure The shaft 2 is journalled on two ball-bearings 4 and 6, the inner races of which rotate with the shaft 2, while their outer races are mounted for free sliding in the bores 8 and 10 of two fixed supports 12 and 14 In other words, both ball-bearings 4 and 6 are exclusively provided to support

the radial loads of shaft 2, while they have no action whatever against the axial thrusts exerted on the said shaft. The fixed support 12 is fixedly secured in a frame 16 provided with a bore 18 in which is mounted a block 20 on which bears a plate 22 Screws such as 24 are provided to secure both the plate 22 on the block 20 and these two parts together on the frame 16 The frame 16 as well as the support 14 are fixedly secured on a base plate 161. The outer face 26 of the plate 22 is machined flat, to form a bearing surface. On the shaft 2 is keyed, as shown at 30, a rotary member or rotor 28. The left-hand face (in Figure 1) of the said rotor 28 is but slightly spaced from the face 26 of the plate 22 and is provided with a continuous annular recess 32 A nut 34 screwed on a threaded portion 36 of the shaft 2 holds the following stack assembly of parts on a shouldering 38 of the shaft 2: the inner race of the bearing 4, a spacing ring 40, the inner race 42 of a ball-bearing 44 provided with two rows of balls as described in detail hereinafter, a spacing sleeve 46 and the hub of the rotor 28. The plate 22 is provided with a radial passage 48 terminated outwardly by an innerly threaded portion in which is screwed a union 50 for attachment of a pipe 52 communicating with an oil reservoir (not shown). The rotor 28 keyed on the shaft -2 is provided with a number of radial ducts 54 (five 70 in the example shown) The said ducts communicate at their inner end with a bore 56 of the rotor 28, the said bore having a diameter higher than the outer diameter of the registering portion of the sleeve 46 The said ducts 75 54 do not open in the periphery of the rotor 28, but communicate with the recess 32 through nozzles 58 parallel with the axis of the shaft 2 For manufacturing facilities, each duct 54 is preferably machined by 80 drilling from outside a diametral hole through the rotor, up to a short distance to its periphery, the mouth of the said hole being subsequently obturated by means of a suitable plug, as shown at 60 As shown in 85 Figure 2, the ducts 54 are regularly spaced around the rotor 28, so that the same, when provided with the necessary plugs undergoes no perturbation of its balance Alternatively, it is also possible to provide the radial exten 90 sions of the ducts 54 with axial ports similar to 58, so as to use also the pressure generated in the said extensions by the rotation of the rotor 28. The plate 22 is provided with an axial bore 95 62 having the same diameter as the bore 56 of the rotor 28 The portions of the sleeve 46, registering with the passage 48 of the plate 22 and with the ducts 54 of the rotor 28, as well as the portion intermediate there 100 between, have an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the axial

bores 62 and 56. The liquid incoming through the pipe 52 is thus free to flow, through the passage 48 of the plate 22, into the inner ends of the radial 105 ducts 54 of the rotor 28. As previously mentioned, the device comprises, in the example shown, a ball bearing 44, the inner race 42 of which rotates with the shaft 2 The outer race 64 of the said 110 bearing is housed in a bore 66 of the block 20, the diameter of this last bore being materially larger than the diameter of the outer race 64 of the bearing 44, the function of which is merely to act as a mechanical 115 thrust-bearing during the starting period. For this purpose, the left-hand face of the outer race 64 of the bearing may be brought into contact with a shouldering 68 of the bore 66 of the block 20 Similarly, the other side 120 face of the said outer race may be brought into contact with the face 70 of the plate 22, so as to limit the action of the liquid pressure. In order to be capable of supporting axial loads in safe conditions, the ball bearing 44 125 is provided with deep rolling grooves Moreover, it includes two rows of balls, so as to be capable of acting as a thrust bearing in both axial directions. Any other suitable type of mechanical 130 thrust-bearing capable of ensuring the same function could be also clearly adopted. The above described thrust-bearing structure operates as follows: 785,554 of the annular chamber is reduced Assuming that the mean angular velocity of the liquid in the annular chamber is substantially 70 equal to half the angular velocity of the rotor, due to the fact that, while the rotating wall tends to set the liquid in rotation by friction, the stationary wall tends to oppose the said rotation also by friction and to the 75 same extent Since, on the other hand, the centrifugal force, as known, is proportional to the square of the angular velocity, it may be admitted that the said centrifugal force, at each point of the annular chamber, will 80 be equal to one fourth of the centrifugal force acting at a point of same radius on the liquid in the ducts of the rotor. As a result, it may be admitted that the pressure of the liquid near the periphery of 85 the annular chamber is substantially equal to four times the maximum pressure which would be built up therein, if the liquid in the annular chamber were submitted to the only action of the centrifugal forces acting in said 90 chamber In these conditions, the liquid is urged, in said chamber, from the outer towards the inner periphery under the action of the pressure built up in the rotor, against the action of the centrifugal forces in the 95 chamber, with a force equal to four times the last mentioned centrifugal action Thus, it may be admitted that near the shaft, the pressure in the chamber is

substantially equal to three fourth of the maximum pressure at 100 equilibrium, i e for example if the liquid escape at the periphery of the chamber is considered as negligible. Thus the average pressure in the annular chamber may be assumed to be about one 105 half the sum of the maximum pressure built up in the rotor and three fourth of the said pressure, or 7/8 of the said maximum pressure, which is a considerable improvement with respect to the known thrust bearing 110 structures wherein, as exposed in the preamble, the said average pressure is about one half of the said maximum pressure. In the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 3, an annular recess 71 provided in 115 the fixed plate 22 and opening in the outer peripheral zone of the annular chamber 32 in front of the nozzles 58 picks up the major portion of the pressure liquid projected by the said nozzles The liquid thus picked up 120 is re-injected through passages 72 into the inner peripheral zone of the chamber 32. Since the said liquid has kept substantially the maximum pressure previously built-up in the radial ducts 54, there is established in 125 the said inner peripheral zone a pressure substantially equal to the said maximum pressure As a result, eventually, the average pressure in the chamber 32 is but slightly lower than said maximum pressure Thus 130 with this last arrangement, the high liquid pressure created in the outer region of the annular liquid pressure chamber by the centrifugal action of the liquid conducted to At rest, all parts are in the positions shown in the drawing. In other words, in the presence of an axial thrust F, the outer race 64 of the ball bearing 44 bears against the shoulder 68 to support the said axial thrust The left-hand face (in Figure 1) of the rotor 28 lies in the immediate vicinity of the outer face 26 of the plate 22 without, however, any metal-to-metal contact therebetween The radial ducts 54 and the recess 32 of the rotor 28 are filled with liquid from the above mentioned reservoir through the pipe 52, the passage 48 of the plate 22 and the respective bores 62 and 56 of the plate 22 and rotor 28 The said liquid however is not under pressure, or more precisely, it is under but a very small pressure due to the difference between the levels of the said liquid in the rotor 28 and in the reservoir. As soon as the shaft 2 is set into rotation, the centrifugal force acting on the liquid contained in the radial ducts 54 of the rotor 28 progressively increases the pressure of the said liquid along the said ducts with a maximum near the periphery of the rotor 28. The said maximum liquid pressure is transmitted through the ports 58 of the rotor into the recess 32 The rotor 28, under the action of the said pressure, takes a bearing on the outer face 26 of the plate 22

and slightly pushes the shaft 2 towards the right (in Figure 1) The gap between the peripheral edge of the rotor 28 and the plate 22 enlarges, the resistance to the escape of the liquid therethrough is reduced, until a condition of equilibrium is reached for which the pressure of the liquid in the recess 32 of the rotor 28 has such a value that the resultant of the unit forces exerted longitudinally by the liquid pressure on the rotor becomes equal to the axial thrust F acting in the opposite direction It is to be noted that, in these conditions, the outer race 64 no longer bears on the shouldering 68 of the bore 66 of the block 20, so that the shaft 2, together with any other element rotating therewith, is held against shifting leftwards exclusively by the film of liquid comprised between the rotor 0 28 and the plate 22. In the case when the axial thrust has but a low value, the outer race 64 of the bearing 44 will come into contact with the face 70 of the plate 22. It is to be noted that in the above described arrangement, the liquid is fed near the periphery of the annular chamber with the maximum value of the pressure built up in the rotor, whereafter the liquid will tend to flow under the action of said pressure from the outer periphery of the annular chamber towards its inner periphery against the action of the centrifugal force therein. Since said annular chamber is smooth, any positive means to promote rotation of the liquid being omitted, the said centrifugal force urging the liquid towards the periphery 785,554 the radial liquid passages of the rotor may still be increased by centrifugal action of the liquid contained in the annular liquid pressure chamber. The re-entrant portion constituting the annular chamber may be obtained by recessing the fixed and/or the rotating annular surfaces. In Figure 3, both surfaces are recessed as shown at 32 a and 32 In Figure 4, only the fixed surface is recessed as shown in 32 a, while in Figure 1, as previously described, the chamber 32 is formed entirely in the rotating member 28 To obtain the desired re-entrant portion one or both of the mutually facing surfaces may be entirely flat with concentric ring members secured to one or both of said surfaces to form axially projecting flanges defining, with said flat surfaces, the liquid pressure chamber. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the particular constructions described above Thus, for supporting the axial thrust F during the starting period i e before the liquid has reached, in rotor 28, under the action of the centrifugal forces, a pressure sufficient to ensure the above described operation, it is possible, instead of using a ball bearing such as 44, to momentarily feed in a pressure liquid into the pipe 52 for aiding the provisorily insufficient

centrifugal forces in building-up in the recess 32 of the rotor a pressure sufficient to compensate the axial thrust F. It is also possible to provide any suitable packing means such as a labyrinth joint between the fixed and rotary parts and, in particular, between the rotor 28 and the plate 22 Similarly, it will be advantageous to provide a system for collecting the liquid escaping from the recess 32 between the rotor 28 and the plate 22, and if desired, a system for filtering and re-cycling the said liquid. it is also possible to provide in the annular chamber 32, means, such as fins or blades tending to prevent the liquid from rotating, so as to reduce to a minimum the centrifugal forces resisting to the building up in the whole chamber of the pressure existing near its periphery Moreover, the registering annular surfaces used are not necessarily rigorously normal to the axis of rotation; for example, they may be slightly conical.

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* GB785555 (A)

Description: GB785555 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to medicinal preparations

Description of GB785555 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

We, E GRIFFITHS HUGHES LIMITED, of Peru Street, Adelphi, Salford 3, in the County of Lancaster, a Company incorporated under the Laws of Great Britain, do S hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to preparations for the treatment of haemorrhoids. An object of the invention is to provide for the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation which can be self-administered more conveniently, cleanly and quickly than ointments and other means applied directly to the rectum with or without the aid of a suppository or plug, and gives at least as much relief and comfort and reduces bleeding at least as much as said ointments or other means. Another object is to provide for the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation which consists of or contains a substance which when swallowed exhibits the hitherto unknown property of exerting a soothing effect or releasing a substance or substances when acted on by internal secretions, which exerts or exert a soothing effect on haemorrhoids A still further object of the invention is to provide for the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation in which the said substance is associated with one or more laxatives which assist the said substance by expediting its passage or the passage of a substance or substances released therefrom to the rectum and by conducing towards a less hard condition of the faeces and therefore towards a reduction in the ability of the faeces to rub or wipe the already acting lPrice 3 s 6 d l substance or released substance or substances off the haemorrhoids when passing faeces. A still further object of the invention is to provide for the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation in which the said substance is absorbed or absorbed by the laxative or one of the laxatives and is therefore carried thereby in small particles and thus it or the released substance or substances becomes or become more uniformly distributed in the faeces and consequently inside the rectum. According to the invention there is provided a preparation for the

treatment of haemorrhoids, by oral administration, which includes as a medicinal ingredient 10-35 % by weight myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, an ester of any of said alcohols with myristic, palmitic or stearic acid, cetyl laurate or stearyl laurate, or a mixture thereof, which is only partly hydrolysed in the digestive tract so that the alcohols, either unchanged or formed by hydrolysis, and/or unchanged ester or esters will travel to the rectum and form a coating thereat, admixed with a carrier and, if desired, disintegrants, lubricants or the like. Of these substances, the naturally occurring wax svermaceti is preferred. The preparation may further include a laxative ingredient such as magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate, senna, rhubarb, extracts of cascara, phenolphthalein and liquid paraffin. Preferably the carrier comprises one or more laxative substances, such as cellulose derivatives including ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or agar. Preferably, the carrier carries the said alcohol or alcohols and/or ester or esters in 785,555 PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: -HAROLD WOODBOURNE. Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 29, 1956. Application Date: April 14, 1955 No 10727155. Comiplete Specification Publislh ed: Oct 30, 1957.

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* GB785556 (A)

Description: GB785556 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in decorticators for hulling grains

Description of GB785556 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION i @ A d Date of Applic U r I No12630/55 Application in (Patent of, Complete Spe Index at acceptance: -Class 58, A 2, AH 4 B. 785,556 :ation and filing Complete Specification May 2, 1955. ade in Belgium on May 18, 1954. Wdition to No 713,986 dated March 25, 1952). cification Published Oct 30, 1957. International Classification: -BO 2 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Decor ticators for Hulling Grains I, EDGARD GRIMARD, of 90, rue Louvrex, Liege, Belgium, a subject of the King of the Belgians, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- In my Patent Specification 713986, I have described a decorticator of the type comprising a vertical cylindrical vessel in which there revolves a vertical shaft carrying rubbing members. Now I have recognised-a surprising and unforeseen fact-that for the satisfactory operation of the apparatus and in order to obtain the desired yield it is advantageous that the apparatus should perform a sequence of intermittent operations of individually variable duration, these operations being repeated in accordance with a definite cycle; this has led to an improvement in or modification of the decorticator, whereby the charge of material, when once introduced into the decorticator, is treated therein without another introduction of material and/or evacuation thereof during the course of the treatment. In other words, the operations of admission, treatment and evacuation should each be effected completely, separately and successively for a desired period of time. Thus the invention is characterised in that the decorticator is provided with intermittently operating means for admission and evacuation of a charge of material, which when once admitted into the decorticator, remains enclosed therein during treatment, that is to say cut off from all communication with the exterior, for a variable period between the admission and evacuation, the periods of duration of which can themselves be made of any desired length by regulating said intermittently operating means, so that the working cycle, which can be continually repeated, comprises intermittent and individually variable periods of admission, treatment and evacuation of the material. To this characteristic feature of the invention there is added the provision of automatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l and adjustable means for

regulating the length of the periods for admission of material into the decorticator, for its treatment therein and for its evacuation. This object will be achieved by the addition to the decorticator of electrical switches under the control of timing relays with variable operation periods, controlling the intermittently operating means for the admission and evacuation of the material The variable timing relays are interconnected so as to operate in sequence in such a manner that when the relay controlling the admission of material is in operation, the relays controlling the periods of treatment and evacuation are out of operation, but when the treatment relay is in operation the relays controlling the admission and evacuation are out of operation, and finally when the relay controlling the evacuation is in operation the treatment and admission relays are out of operation This is made apparent by the provision of pilot lamps which remain lit up while the operation io which they are allocated lasts. Thus, by way of explanation and not of limitation, when for example a charge of 12 to 15 kg of material is introduced, the admission can extend over a period of 5 to 20 seconds, the treatment over a period of 2 to 4 minutes and the evacuation over a period of 2 to 10 seconds, after which the cycle of operations recommences as described. The invention is hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show diagrammatically an embodiment of the invention. In these drawings, Fig 1 represents an elevation of the apparatus, with the arrangement of its internal elements shown in broken lines; Fig 2 is an elevational section on a larger scale, in the upper part of the machine, showing the admission means in the form of a slide operated by an electromagnet; Fig 3 is a horizontal section on a larger scale, along the line III-III in Fig 1, showing the evacuation means in the form of a partcylindrical slide, seen in closed position; 785,556 Fig 4 is a diagram, showing a number of electrical relays with variable times of operation, for regulating the durations of the different operations in the course of the treatment of the material; Fig 5 is a diagrammatic elevation of the control box containing the variable timing relays and electrical switches, and having a series of pilot lamps indicating the operations in progress in the decorticator. With reference to Figs 1, 2 and 3, the numeral 1 represents the outer casing of the decorticator, the decorticator itself comprising a vessel 2 and a vertical driving shaft 3 actuated, through the intermediary of a cear train, by an electric motor 4 The entire apparatus is housed in the outer casing 1, as represented in Fig 1 The internal arrangement of the decorticator is similar to the ernbodiments appearing in the drawings of the Specification 713,986. On the top of the decorticator, as shown in Figs 1 and 2, there is

arranged a hopper 5 for the supply of the material, which drops into a cup 6 having a transparent sid avall 7. The bottom of this cup 6 is formed l?-c two superposed plates 8, 9, provided with axial passages 8 a, 9 a respectively, between which plates there is disposed a slide 10 wyith an aperture 13 The projecting end of fthe slide has a transverse spindle 11 engaged in a fork 14 forming one end of a bell-crank lever pivoted at 16 on the vessel 2 Unon the other end 17 of the lever 15 there is ni-v-otally attached a rod 18 secured to the movable core of an electromagnet 21 Upon the Mod 18 there is fixed a plate 19, upon which there abuts one end of a compression spring 20, the other end of which bears on the upper face of the electromagnet 21 Thus the slide 10 forms the material admission means, being operated directly by the electromagnet 21 in the embodiment here represented; it would also be possible to use an electromagnet for operating a valve controlling a supply of compressed air to a cylinder having a piston arranged to operate the slide, where such an air-supply is available, thus operating the slide indirectly. Fig 3 represents the arrangement of the material evacuation means represent-d by a slide 22 of part-clindrical shape, mo-'ing in a vertical direction across an evacuation conduit 25 which is disposed tangentiall-:, as seen in this Fig 3, and not radially as night appear from Fig 1 This part-cylindrical slide 22 closes or opens the communication between the bottom of the vessel 2, by way of the opening in its side wall as seen in ig 3, and the evacuation conduit 25 leadiing out rough the wall of the casing 1 The slide 22 is surmounted laterally and e ternallv of the vessel 2 by a flange or plate 23, upon which there is fixed the lower end of a rod 24 secured to the core of an electromagnet 27 As in the case of the rod 18, the rod 24 is prov dad with a stop-plate engaged by a compression spring 26, which tends to return the slide to closed position Again, the electromagnet 27 may operate the slide 22 indirectly by means of a 70 valve controlling a supply of compressed air to a cylinder for operating the slide. The casing 1, as seen in Fig 1, has fixed thereon and partially engaged therein a control box 28, in which the electric leads and 75 relays controlling the electromagnets are disposed This box 28, as seen in Fig 5, is fitted with two external push buttons, one button 29 for starting the main motor 4 driving the decorticator, and the second button 30 ener 80 gizing three variable timing relays RA, RT, RE, interconnected so as to operate in sequence The admission relay RA effects the closure of a switch CA, which feeds, through the connection 31, the electromagnet 21 85 operating the material admission slide 10; at the end of the admission period, this relay

switches off the electromagnet 21 and energizes the treatment or working relay RT At the end of the period of treatment selected by 90 the adjustment of this relay RT, it energizes the relav RE for the closure of a switch CE, which feeds, through the connection 32, the electromagnet 27 operating the material evacuation slide 22 At the end of its timing 95 period, the relay RE switches off the electromagnet 27 and re-energizes the relay RA for another admission period, and so on Thus the period for treatment of the material in the decorticator is the time elapsing between the Ion cutting out of the admission switch CA and the closure of the evacuation switch CE The compression springs 20 and 26 operate respectively to stop the admission and evacuation of th material, when the relavs RA and RE 105 are de-energized and their switches open the respective (electromagnet circuits The switches may be of anv suitable tvre, for example co-operating contacts upon the relays. L,, Le, L,, L, represent pilot lamps which 110 light up during the operation to which they are allocated Thus when the lamp L, is alight, it indicates that the driving motor 4 is in operation; the lamp L will indicate, when it is alight, the admission of material, con 115 trolled by the relay RA the lamp L will indicate, when it is alight the working time of the apparatus controlled by the relav RT; and finally the lamp L, will indicate, while it is alight, the evacuation of the material, con 120 trolled by the relay RE. Thus a simple glance at the lamps will inform an observer of the operation which is being carried out. In Fig 4 the vertical lines represent the 125 periods of two consecutive cycles of operation, each having a duration of t seconds, the cvcle beirg repeated continuously Each cycle is sub-divided to represent the times of operation of the variable relays RA, RT, RE the 130 785,556 horizontal line A represents the admission period, line T the treatment period, and line E the evacuation period. As already indicated, the periods represented by the horizontal lines A, T, E, which correspond to the durations of the several operations, are variable at will by adjustment of the respective timing relays. As may be observed, the operations will be repeated successively in the order indicated, each operation having a duration which can be regulated, according to the nature of the material its qualities or other considerations which must be taken into account for the treatment The periods mentioned by way of example at the commencement of the present description, indicate the order of magnitude of the durations which it is appropriate to adopt for obtaining the optimum output of the machine, but these periods may of course be regulated to suit particular cases.

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* GB785557 (A)

Description: GB785557 (A) ? 1957-10-30

A new or improved lintel block

Description of GB785557 (A)

We, GUEST, KEEN & NETTLEFOLDS (SOUTH WALES) LIMITED, a British Company, of Castle Works, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to lintel blocks which are adapted to be mounted above the opening in a fireplace Such blocks cooperate with the fireback to provide a restricted throat in the flue. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction. According to the present invention, we provide a lintel block wherein the block is of wide angle V section, whereby the block may be disposed in position with one limb thereof in a horizontal plane and with the other limb thereof inclined upwardly toward the back of the fireplace. Preferably the block is provided, at each end thereof, with a centrally disposed projecting boss, the one side limb of the block having the outer portion thereof of shorter length than the corresponding portion of the other side limb, whereby the block can be used with fireplaces having openings of different widths. For example, the outer portion of the one limb may be 16 inches long and the outer portion of the other limb 18 inches long.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein:Figure 1 is a plan view of the lintel block; Figure 2 is an end elevation; and Figure 3 is a sectional view showing the block in Dosition in a fireplace. In the form of our invention illustrated the lintel block 10 is manufactured in fireclay and is of wide angle V section, the limbs 11, 12 of the block being approxilPrice 3 s 6 d l mately 1 inches thick The angle between the limbs 11 and 12 of the block may be of the order of 1300. Instead of making the block of fireclay material it may be made of refractory concrete or other suitable material. The two outer corners of each of the limbs 11 and 12 of the block are cut away, as shown at 13 and 14 respectively, so that the block is provided at each end thereof with a centrally disposed projecting boss 15, the outer portions of each limb being thus of less length than the inner portions thereof. The outer portion of the one limb 11 is shorter than the corresponding portion of the other limb 12 and, for example, the outer portion of the limb 11 may be 16 inches long whilst the outer portion of the limb 12 is 18 inches long Thus, the block can be used with either a 16 inch fireplace or with an 18 inch fireplace. When the block 10 is positioned in a fireplace 16 as shown in Figure 3, the one limb thereof, that is to say in the case of an 18 inch fireplace, the longer limb 12, is disposed in a horizontal plane The other limb 11 of the block 10 will project upwardly and rearwardly toward the rear of the fireplace 16 so that it forms a restricted throat 17 in the flue In addition to providing a restricted throat 17 in the flue, the lintel block 10 prevents hot gases from the fire coming into contact with the back of a tiled fireplace 18 and thus prevents cracking and discoloration of the tiles.

* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p