5 Green Technology

8/21/2019 5 Green Technology

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http://www.sert.nu.ac.th

SCHOOL OF

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY

Green Technology

Presented by

Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich

Head of Solar Thermal Research Unit

School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)

Naresuan University

The 7thCRISU-CUPT Conference Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World

Naresuan University

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2School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University

Outline

Defining Green Technology

Major Types of Green Technology

Green IndustryGreen Building

Green IT

Green Energy

Some Case Studies of Green TechnologiesGreen Industry

Green Building

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Defining Green Technology

Evolution, methods and materials used to amendand configure equipment to get better function or

cleanness without problem

Target of development leads to the following benefitsEncouragement: meeting to create future society without

damage and natural destruction

Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be

Cycle of product which can be also recycled

Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being

recreated to be new product and consumption

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Defining Green Technology (Contd)

Innovation: development for technology

Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit

with technology and product to be proper with environment

Energy: recognizing information about green technologyincluding the fuel development, meaning of generating energy

and effect of energy usage

Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact

on environment

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Major types of Green Technology

Green Industry

Global Change Climate change

Resource Depletion increasingly viable

technological for Renewable resources

Food Supply Agricultural methods & wastes

Toxic in the Environment design for reduced

hazards

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Green Industry is about reducing

Waste Materials Hazard Risk Energy Cost

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Green Building

To reduce impact of building to environment and

human health which green building yields friendlyenvironment by

1. Increasing energy and other resources

efficiencies

2. Improving working environment to support

performance both indoor and outdoor

3. Reducing wastes and pollution which are

released to environment

4. Use of electrical appliances for energy

conservation

5. Selecting construction material with friendly

environment

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Design of Green and Sustainable Building

-Followed as USAs standard of LEED or Leadership

in Energy and Environment design which was

developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC

Committee)

- The following project checklists had to be examined:

- Sustainable Sites (SS)

- Water Efficiency (WE)

- Energy & Atmosphere (EA)

- Materials & Resources (MR)

- Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)

- Innovation & Design Process (ID)

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Project Checklists

LEED

Indoor Environmental Quality

(EQ)17 items

Innovation & Design Process

(ID)

2 items

Material & Resources

(MR)

14 items

Sustainable Sites(SS)

15 itemsWater Efficiency

(WE)

5 items

Energy & Atmosphere(EA)

9 items

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand

- consisting of 6 main points as follows:

1. Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and

encouragement for use of mass transportation

2. Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly

efficient energy and considering utilization ofrenewable energy, configuring engineering system

and non-CFC refrigerant usage

3. Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity

which is lower than standard usage4. Construction material: selecting material which is

friendly environment, use of recycled and locally

available material to reduce fuel consumption for

transportation

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Contd)

5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good airquality without gas, smell or dust, selecting

decorated/furnished material without releasing

volatile matter and having properly indoor

temperature, humidity, clearness6. Innovation: applying innovative construction

product or modern construction engineering system

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Contd)

5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air

quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting

decorated/furnished material without releasing

volatile matter and having properly indoor

temperature, humidity, clearness

6. Innovation: applying innovative construction

product or modern construction engineering system

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Green IT

Reasons for the Need of Green IT are

Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce operational

costs

Compliance with the regulatory bodies and reducingthe carbon footprints

Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so

as to reduce the environmental impact of IT

utilization

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Green IT

Ways to Implement

Unutilized and underutilized resources to be

decommissioned

If possible using a single power efficient server

Power management: Automation of shutdown and

power on processes

Upgradation to power efficient hardware

Advantages Reduces greatly the operational costs

Put forward a noble image in front of client and

other stakeholders

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Green Energy

Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are Natural Resources used in energy generation

process

Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable

sources

Ways to implement

Setting up power plants using renewable energy

sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass

Increased government spending on sustainable

sources of energy

Infrastructure and manpower development

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Green Energy

Advantages

Cleaner and healthier environment

Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized

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Green Energy

In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided byThai Government as follows:

Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be

next generation value-creator

Securing countrys energy supply Pricing energy right

Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years

Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on

2010 level) within 20 years

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Green Energy

From National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest version

of Thailands master plan on renewable energy (Alternative

Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years)

was developed by Department of Alternative Energy

Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy as

shown in the next slide

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Green Energy19


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Many human activities cause to generate the increase of

CO2in the world carbon cycle

Deforestation and

burning forest causeto release CO2

Forest is the source to

absorb and releaseCO2

- Economy development

- Production

- Industrial process

- Transportation

are reasons to generateCO2

20Some Case Studies of Green Technologies


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Water

Energy(Electricity, oil)

Raw material

Process in Industry

Waste water Solid waste Danger/

Risk

Product

Sound

Exhaust

gas

Production process

odor

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Current Problem of Energy System

Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming

How do we reduce CO2emission to atmosphere?

Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of

Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas)Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency

Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.)

Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to

atmosphere such as

Increasing energy efficiency (EE)

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Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry)

and Clean Technology

Cleaner Production

Pollution Prevention

Waste Minimization

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That is :


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Benefits obtained from using concept of Green

Industry to manage for various industries

Economic Benefit

Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation

Create image of organizationISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign

Environmental Benefit

Obtain decreased quantities of resources and

waste (Unit/year) from calculation

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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage

for Industry

Find source of waste

Create diagram of production process

(When substances enter the process, product and any wasteswill be produced)

considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, management

product and waste

Analyze the cause

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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage

for Industry

considering source of 5 causes as:

1. change/improve raw material

2. change/improve technology or equipment3. use suitable production method and management

4. change/improve the product

5. reuse and recycle

Find the effective ways to defend and solve

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Concept of Green Industry

Concept

Reduce contamination

at source

Efficient management

of sourceCharacteristic of this

Technology

Solve at the origin

Reduce cost of wasteTreatment

Correspond to marketneed

Reduction at source

Recycle

Treatment Method

Releasing

Green T

Gov.Policy

SavingsPayback

CostReduction

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Steps of applying with Green Industry

Plan and Set organization Preliminary evaluation

Exquisite evaluationFeasibility study

Start to do Follow to evaluate results

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Steps of Plan and Set Organization

Encourage from executive of industrial company

Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry

Set working group to manage the Green Project

Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle

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Objectives

1. To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem

2. To select interest issue for examining with exquisite

evaluation

Preliminary evaluation

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Steps of Preliminary evaluation

Determine inflow-outflowmass in process


Select problem issue

Collect and review data from document

Gather data from survey


-General data of

company and product

-Use of raw materialand waste

-Examine correctness

of production process

-Focus area having loss

-Investigate realworking condition

-Roughly evaluatequantity of raw

material, energy and

waste in each line ofprocess

-Consider 3 points:

Possibility of technique,

economic andenvironment

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Steps of this evaluation:

Exquisite evaluation

Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances

Find cause of any losses in process

Propose alternative of Green Industry

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Steps of this study:

Feasibility Study

Evaluate possibility of technique, economicand environment

Select the effectively possible option

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Possibility of technique can be calculated from

Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index

Best Index100

Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste

Monthly quantity of product

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Possibility of economic can be calculated from

Possibility = (Average Index - Best Index)

Average production capacity

Capital cost per unit

Possibility of Economic (%) = Possibility

Sum of Possibilities

100

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Impact on Environment can be considered in 3 points

Quantity (Q)

Effect (E)

Diffusivity (D)

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Steps of this study:

Practice and Follow to evaluate results

Contact and coordinate with focused department

Set duration period for real practice

Concentrate the results of the following parameters Quantity of resource used

Quantity of waste and pollution

Quantity of changed benefit

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Case Study I

The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)

works together with Department of Industrial Promotion

in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand.

MPE Industry Co., Ltd

General Information

Major Product Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam)

Production Capacity Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year

PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/year

Real Production Cap. ~ 75% of Total capacity

Major raw material Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE)Minor raw material Butane , Talcom

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Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam

Preparation of raw material

Set Machine

Raw material passes quality standardRoll raw material and butane gas prepared

Time used to run machine beforestarting process ~ 1 hr.

Produce

Yes

No

Check quality: weight, width, thickness, colorsurface

Store productKeep product (stock) in warehouse

Take to transform

Take to sell

Dispose ofwaste from production

Distribute product to customer

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Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE FoamPE-Foam, Air bubble

Preparation of raw material

Set Machine

Check raw material before transformationGive plan to transform

Time used to run machine before

starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminated

machine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine

Transform

Yes

No

Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color

surface

With passing through cutting, seal, increase

thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelopethermal insulator

Store product Keep product (stock) in warehouse

Taking waste torecycle

Distribute product to customer

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Data of Energy used

No. of transformer 2

Size of transformer (1) 1,000 kVA

Voltage (1) 22-33 kV

Size of transformer (2) 800 kVAVoltage (2) 22-33 kV

Meter number 1832406

Annual total electricity consumption 1,504,400 kWh/year

Annual thermal energy used 5,415,840 MJ/year

Average monthly electricity consumption 125,366.66 kWh/m

Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings

Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.

for size of transformer of 800 kVA

Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5

and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,

as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.

Size of Transformer : 800 kVATab is set at no. 3

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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395


Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V

for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure

voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure.

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Voltage measured is betweenthe adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

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Results of adjustment

Electrical energy savings 936.60 kWh/year

3,371.6 MJ/year

Cost of savings 2,922.20 Baht/year

Investment cost - BahtPayback period - Year

Items Value

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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.


Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3

and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,

as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.

Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA Tab is set at no. 3

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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395


Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V

for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure

voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure.

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Voltage measured is betweenthe adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

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Electrical energy savings 1,345.85 kWh/year

4,845.06 MJ/year



Items Value

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Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85

Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without

suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68)

at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss

and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure.

Switch is set at O (OFF) Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85

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Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85

Solve: Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85)

at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as

shown in Figure.

Switch is set at A (Auto) Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)

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17,722.26 MJ/year



Items Value

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Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC

than environment temperature

Problem: At present, air compressor is located at outdoor place whichaverage environment temperature is measured at 45.9 oC

This result is that the higher outdoor temperature, the more

energy consumption of air compressor, as shown in Figure.

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Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC

than environment temperature

Solve: Installing sunroof for air compressor which this results in

environment temperature around compressor reduced to be

34

o

C and yielding higher energy savings, as shown in Figure

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4,871.12 MJ/year



Items Value

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Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set

over 6 bar

Problem: At present, air pressure is set more than 6 bar (8 bar) and

electrical motor capacity is 11.19 kW which is over in reality.

and compressor is placed far away from working point

without maintenance, as shown in Figure

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Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set

over 6 bar

Solve: Air pressure is set to be 5 bar and installed with air accumulator

and adjust pressure component

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15,113.38 MJ/year



Items Value

Regression Analysis 57


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Month Electrical Energy (kWh)Quantity of foam used to produce bubble

(kg.)

Quantity of pellet to produce foam

(kg.)

Jan.-2008 95980 63000 72000

Feb.-

2008

103380

67000

101000

Mar.-2008 102480 52000 99950

Apr.-2008 88440 32000 90000

May.-2008 91440 56000 83000

June-2008 102240 57900 93000

July-2008

92420

73975

50975

Aug-2008 88180 51000 75800

Sept-2008 97960 54975 75975

Oct-2008 90360 43000 88250

Regression Analysis

Regression equation is determined to find correlation among

electrical energy, quantity of foam used to produce bubble and

quantity of pellet to produce foam which corresponds to table below

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The regression equation will be obtained from regressionanalysis as

Electricity energy (kWh) = 50892 + 0.374 QB+ 0.266QF

whereQB = Quantity of foam to produce bubble, kgQF = Quantity of pellet to produce foam, kg

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Conclusion of potential of Energy Conservation

Items Value

Cost of energy savings 127,541.95 MJ/year

Quantity of energy consumed 2,146,222.8 MJ/year

Percentage of energy reduced 5.94% or 158,364.99 B/year

Payback period (PP) 0.001 year

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Case Study II SK Interfood Co., Ltd

General Information: Slicing Pig to various components

Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit

Raw material 3,570.9 Ton/y 185,686,800 B/y

Water 46,343 m3/y 0 B/yElectricity 810,933 kWh/y 2,623,157 B/y

Fuel 33,715 kg/y 590,010 B/yWaste 30.7 Ton/m

Average quantity of components of pig produced 266 Ton/month

P li i l ti61


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Preliminary evaluation

Data for resource used and waste generated in 2010

Items UnitTotal

(Unit/year)Avg/month

Product Ton 3,191.0 266

Pig

Ton

3,570.9

297.6

Electricity KWh 810,933 67,578

LPG Kg 33,715 2,810

Water

m3

46,343

3,862

Waste Ton 368.4 31

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Items Unit Avg Index Best Index

PigTon/Ton of product 1.119 1.113

ElectricitykWh/Ton of product 255.66 217.25

LPG

kg/Ton of product

11.10 8.69

Waterm3/Ton of product 14.526 14.506

Waste Ton/Ton of product 0.1157 0.0908

Data of Index for resource used and waste generated in 2010

Average Index = Quantity of resource or waste in each month

Quantity of product in each month

R l f T h i l l i

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Items UnitAvg

Index

Best

Index

Avg IndexBestIndex

Best Index

Technical

Possibility(%)

Score

Pig Ton/Tonof product 1.119 1.113 0.0054 0.539 1

Electricity

kWh/Tonof product

255.6

6217.25 0.1768 17.680 2

LPG kg/Ton ofproduct 11.1 8.69 0.2773 27.733 3

Water m3/Ton ofproduct

14.52

614.506 0.0014 0.138 1

Waste

Ton/Tonof product

0.1157

0.0908 0.2742 27.423 3

Results for Technical evaluation

R l f E i l i

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Results for Economic evaluation

Items

Cost

(B/Unit)

(1)

Avg

Index(2)

Best

Index(3)

(4)=(2)-

(3)

I (B/Month)

(5)=(4)(1)(capacity)

F %F Score

Pig 52,000 1.119 1.113 0.006 82,992 0.6523 65.233 3

Electricity 3.23 255.66 217.25 38.41 33,001.10 0.2594 25.939 2

LPG

17.5 11.1 8.69 2.41 11,218.55 0.0882 8.818 1

Water - 14.526 14.506 0.02 5.324.1816E

-050.0042 1

Waste - 0.1157 0.0908 0.0249 6.62345.21E-

050.0052 1

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Items Unit Quantity/month Q E D Q E D Score

Pig Ton 266 3 1 1 3 1

Electricity KWh 297.6 3 2 2 12 3

LPG

kg 67,578 2 2 3 12 3

Water m3 2,810 3 2 2 12 3

Waste Ton 3,862 2 2 2 8 2

Criteria to evaluate environment: EV = (Q)x (E)x (D)

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Ranking the importance among Technical, Economic andEnvironment Problems

Items

Technique Economic EnvironmentTotal

(1)*(2)+(3)*(4)+(5)*

(6)

Sequence

no.Score

(1)

A

(2)

(3)

B

(4)

(5)

C

(6)

Pig

1

3

3

3

1

2

14 3

Electricity2 3 2 3 3 2 18 1

LPG3 3 1 3 3 2 18 1

Water1 3 1 3 3 2 12 4

Waste3 3 1 3 2 2 16 2

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Results of Preliminary evaluation

Electricity and LPG usage are the most impact on

production process

LPG usage yields technical possibility

Reduction of loss of raw material yields high technical

and economic possibilities.

Water usage has the high impact on environment

Exquisite evaluation68


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Exquisite evaluation

Mass balance in each steps of process is performed

Step1: Boiling and cleaning pigs

Cause: 1. Loss of water quantity while waiting for various

components of pig

2. In case of high production capacity (~120 pigs), water

pressure in cleaning is not sufficient resulting in nowater used and other steps being stopped.

Method to reduce loss

1. Install injector at the end of hose

2. Install water pump to increase water pressure3. Control water pressure in water reservoir more than 0.5

bar by adjusting pressure difference of water generatingsystem to high generate water

Step2: Freezing any components of pig

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p g y p p g

Cause: Components of pig before delivering to freezing room

have high humidity. Freezing room have to reduce water

temperature which results in excessively used electricity

Method to reduce lossDrain water away from freezing room

Step3: Cutting any components of pigCause: 1. Some components of pig fall on area of slice machine

2. Water tap used for cleaning hand

has oversize resulting in loss of

water

Method to reduce lossInstall panels to prevent falling of

pigs components

Install water distributors to increase water volume for cleaning

hand

St 5 C li T

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Step5: Cooling Tower

Cause: - Efficiency of cooling tower is decreased due to dregs and

moss generated

Method to reduce loss

- Cleaning cooling pack

Feasibility of method to reduce loss in the factory 71


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Results of applying Green Industry for Industry72


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Results of applying Green Industry for Industry

C S d III

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Case Study III Green Buildings

School of Renewable EnergyTechnology (SERT) has missions to

research and development of renewable

energy including energy conservation

which relates to Green Building.

Naresuan University (NU) has been

assigned SERT to take responsibilities to

set model scheme of Green Building for

all buildings around NU area.

Defining Green Building74


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Defining Green Building

has friendly environmental construction process without

impact on ecosystemgives energy savings

has suitable air, humidity, and lighting qualities

use low-energy construction or recycled material

apply modern and innovative technologies to building

7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building

Management to be Green Building- emphasizing intention to be Green Office Building

(Total score = 5)

Remark :These Criterions is based on Department of Pollution Control

7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building75


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g

Region Plan and Landscape Architecture

- emphasizing evaluation of region plan and landscapearchitecture (Total score = 7)

Water Usage

- emphasizing evaluation of water usage

(Total score = 6)

Energy

- emphasizing evaluation of energy management,

assigning personnel to take responsibility for energyconservation, quantity of energy used and air conditioner(Total score = 14)



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g

Indoor Environment Condition

- emphasizing evaluation of illumination in low stage,

Indoor air quality, preventing cigar smoke in building area,

sound level, building security, and use of low pollutionmaterials (Total score = 4)

Preventing impact on environment from outdoor

- emphasizing evaluation of air pollution, waste water,

dangerous waste, heat and reduction of reflecting light(Total score = 12)



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g

Innovation

- emphasizing evaluation of developing energyconservation and indoor and outdoor environment ofbuilding (Total score = 3)

Table 1 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management

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g g

for Office of NU President

Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013

MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015

LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016

Table 2 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management

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g g

for Office Building of Library




Table 3 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management80


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g g

for Office of NU indoor Stadium




Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green81


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Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green

building is set to be model scheme to obtain complete Green

Building between 2013-2016.

For the rest of buildings around NU area, We (SERT) are

ongoing to manage them to be green building soon such as

student dormitories and various Faculties.

We try to use renewable energy technology applying to

Green Building for NU Green Building Project and hope to

collaborate in research between Thai and Indonesia in themeof Energy Efficiency in the near future

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Thank you for your kind attention

5 Green Technology

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