1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 13-14
4.1 towards social equity and cohesion vezzoli
description
Transcript of 4.1 towards social equity and cohesion vezzoli
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 4. Design for social equity and cohesion
learning resource 4.1
Towards social equity and cohesion
carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
CONTENTS . the socio-ethical dimension of sustainability. PSS: sustainable opportunities even for low and middle-income contexts. distributed economies: a promising model for social equity and cohesion. distributed economies a promising PSS characteristic for sustainable innovation for all
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
[UN SUMMIT, RIO, JOHANNESBURG, RIO+20 (1992-2012)]EQUITY PRINCIPLE “every person, in a fair distribution of resources, has a right to the same environmental space, i.e. to the same availability of global natural resources”
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAIANBILITY
[EU, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, 2006/2009]SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION“promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive, healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities and combats discrimination in all its forms”
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
. eradicating of poverty
. promotion of principles and rules of democracy
. promotion of human rights and freedom
. achievement of peace and security
. access to information, training, employment
. respect for cultural diversity, regional identity
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAIANBILITY: ACTIONS
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
1996: Rome, FAO summit: 185 countries agreed and committed to cut by half the number of undernourished people
2000: UN Millenium summit >“Millenium decleration” signed by 191 member states:
1. Eradicate poverty and by for 2015: . reduce by half, form 1990 to 2015, the percentage of undernourished persons. grant a full and productive employment and a dignitous job for all, including women and yungseter…
ERADICATING POVERTYinternational commitments
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
2001: the world bank; United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). 1,1 billion people live on less than 1 US dollar a day. 2,7 billion people (half the world) live on less than 2 US dollar a
day. 1 billion children (1 in 2 children in the world) live in poverty. 11 million children die every year before fifth birthday. 18 million people a year (1/3 of deaths) are due to poverty. 400 million have no access to safe water. 800 million people are undernourished
. 80% of world population uses 20% of consumed natural resources
ERADICATING POVERTYinternational commitments
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
11.2012: FAOUNDERNURISHEMENT IN THE WORLD
ERADICATING POVERTYinternational commitments
Total= 868 milionTotal= 1 000 milion
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
11.2012: FAOUNDERNURISHEMENT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
ERADICATING POVERTYinternational commitments
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
11.2012: FAOUNDERNURISHEMENT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
ERADICATING POVERTYinternational commitments
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
IT IS NOT JUST A MATTER OF SO CALLED “DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”
. in a global market companies in industrialised countries are interacting with stakeholders of their supply chain, being in low-income and emerging countries
. even industrialised countries are facing poverty and problem with social cohesion
THIS IS WHY IT IS BETTER TO SPEAK ABOUT LOW-INCOME, MIDDLE-INCOME, INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS
SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION:A CONCERN FOR ALL
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS (PSS): SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES EVEN FOR LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
… in terms of (social-ethical) sustainability a question has been (UNEP, 2000-2002):
IS A PSS APPROACH APPLICABLE TO LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS TOO?
IF SO, COULD IT ALSO FACILITATE (TOGHETHER WITH ECO-EFFICENCY) SOCIO-ETHICAL ENHANCEMENT IN THESE CONTEXTS?
IF SO, WITH WHAT CHARACTERISTICS?
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
PSS IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS: CASES
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
VIRTUAL STATION (OFFICES)
Fortaleza, Brasilsupply a full range of products, infrastructure (owned by virtual station) and services for a complete office. clients only pay for the periods of use; spaces are equipped with computers, printers, scanners, access to internet, TV, copiers etc; reception, personalised phone answer, answering and remittance of fax reception/transmiss.
it is environmentally sustainable because infrastructure/equipment are shared (less needed) and most efficient are used + it is socio-economically sustainable because of no need for initial investiment facilitate the set-up of small company.
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
WHY PSSs ARE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS?
being more eco-efficient on a system level> are “cheaper” to implement, can respond to unsatisfied demands more easily in a low income context
focusing on a specific context of use > lead to local rather than global stakeholder (competent)
involvement (empowerment)
being more labour/relation intensive> lead to a rise in (local) employment and the diffusion of
skills
focusing on access rather than ownership> reduce/avoid the higher costs of initial investment, can be accessed more easily from all
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
“a product-service system innovation (approach) may act as a business opportunity to facilitate the process of a social-economical development in low and middle-income contexts - by jumping over the stage characterised by individual consumption/ownership of mass produced goods - towards a “satisfaction-based” and “low resource-intensity” advanced service-economy.”
UNEP, 2002: PSS AN OPPORTUNITY EVEN FOR LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS (FOR ALL)
free pdf at: http://www.unep.fr/scp/publications/details.asp?id=WEB/0081/PA
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
[assuming they PSS are promising in all contexts]
WITH WHAT CHARACTERISTICS A PSS APPROACH COULD FACILITATE -TOGHETHER WITH ECO-EFFICENCY - SOCIO-ETHICAL ENHANCEMENT IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS?
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES (DE): “selective share of production distributed to regions where activities are organized in the form of small scale, flexible units that are synergistically connected with each other” [JOHANSSON et al., IIIEE, SWEEDEN, 2005]
are there promising offer models for social equity and cohesion?
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES: TYPES
. to produce energy (i.e. distributed energy
generation)
. to produce informations (e.g. wikipedia)
. to produce software products (e.g. Linux)
. to produce (hardware) products (e.g. 3-D Printing)
…
. to design (e.g. open innovation/design and crowd-
sourcing)
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
ENTERPRISES/INITIATIVES IN DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES: CHARACTERISTICS
LOCALLY-BASED: start from sustainable local resources and needs, but could become open non-local or global systems
+NETWORK-STRUCTURED: gain critical mass and potential by their connections in network
SOCIOETHICAL POTENTIAL: direct access to resources > increased participation and power to individuals and local communities > democratisation of access to resources> poverty and inequality reduction
Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy
WORKING HYPOTHESIS: DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES A PROMISING PSS CHARACTERISTIC IN LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME CONTEXTS (FOR ALL):
LeNS book “PSS design for Sustainability”, Greenleaf, 2014
“a PSS approach may act as a business opportunity to facilitate the process of a social equity and economic development in low and middle-income contexts - by jumping over the stage characterised by individual consumption/ownership of mass produced goods - towards a more advanced service-economy with a low resource-intensity being “satisfaction-based”,characterized by the development of locally-based and network-structured enterprises and initiatives, for a sustainable re-globalisation process characterised by a democratisation of access to resources, goods and services”.