1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 14-15

Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / DESIGN dept. / DIS / School of Design / Italy

course System Design for Sustainability

TODAY:1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN:

THE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK1.1 Sustainable development and system

innovation1.2 Evolution of sustainability within design

carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)


course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 1. Sustainable development and design: the reference framework

learning resource 1.1

Sustainable development and system innovation

carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . DESIGN dept. . DIS . School of Design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability (EU asia-link)Learning Network on Sustainabile energy systems (EU edulink)


CONTENTS . a context in strong evolution (and crises). the sustainable development

. environmental sustainability

. socio-ethical sustainability

. economic/legislative sustainability. size and quality of change for a sustainable development. system innovation for sustainability


A CONTEXT IN A STRONG EVOLUTION

. advent of information and comunication technologies (technologies of knowledge are at the based of productivity, competition and power)

. interconnection (people, ideas, images, goods, money, are circulating like never before)

. network society (not anymore only divided into independent and isolated nations or communities)

. enterprises in network (teamwork, networking, outsourcing, subcontracting, delocalisation,…)

. …


A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (1/2)

ECONOMIC CRISIS (AND SOCIAL) 2008-201X:[STRUCTURAL, NOT JUST FINANCIAL]. crisis of the industrial model based on material consumption: services (not products) produce 50% Europe GDP and 75% of U.S. GDP. high feedstock‘s prices. global food crisis. threat of a recession in the world. crisis of credit . crisis of confidence in stock exchange markets.... unemployment


ENVIROMENTAL CRISIS: THE DISCOVERY OF ENVIROMENTAL LIMITS (AND IRREVERSIBILITY HARMFUL EFFECT)

1972: Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth, MIT, USA

> FIRST FORECAST OF A POSSIBLE GOBAL ECO-SYSTEM COLLAPSE

A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (2/2)


FACING THE DOUBLE CRISIS (TODAY):SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

危机 : CRISIS (危 : RISK; "机 : OPPORTUNITIES ')in Chinese (as in other languages), the word crisis has two meanings, risk and opportunity

. many (rightly) talk about risks

. we should/must (also) talk about opportunities

[the same nature of design is to consider the opportunities and become its promoter]


WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL CRISIS WHICH ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES?

DO WE KNOW ANY OFFER/BUSINESS MODELS CAPABLE OF CREATING (NEW) VALUE DECOUPLING IT FROM THE MATERIALS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION?> significantly reducing the environmental impact of traditional production/consumption systems?

[about opportunities]A KEY CONTEMPORARY QUERRY:


THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:

A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENTthat takes place within the limits set by the “nature” and meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future generation within a world-wide equitable distribution of resources . 1987: Our common future, WCED, ONU (first definition). 1991: Caring for the earth, UNEP, WWF, IUCN. 1992: UN conference, Environment and development, Rio de Janeiro. 1994: 5° environmental action plan, European Union. 2002: UN conference, Sustainable development, Johannesburg. 2006/2009: Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), European Commission. 2012: UN conference, Sustainable Development, Rio+20. 2005-2014: Decade UNESCO “Education for Sustainable development”


ENVIRONMENTAL: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL- not to exceed the biosphere and geosphere

resilience

SOCIO-ETHICAL- same resources (satisfaction) level for future

generations - equity in the distribution of resources or

environmental space (satisfaction)

ECONOMIC (AND LEGISLATIVE)- economically practicable and prosperous solutions

THE SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS


THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

[THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE]

THE HARMFULNESS/IRREVERSIBILITY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS/EFFECTS. global warming. ozone layer depletion. acidification. eutrophication. toxicity. waste. …


serraglobal warming


atmospheric concentration of CO2 increased about:. period 1958-2012: 20% . period 1750 -2012: 40%

atmospheric concentration of CO2, metan (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) are the highest registered through ice coring over the last 800.000 years

www.ipcc.ch/report/

ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF CO2


ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE(global medium surface temperature, TMGS)

. Last 3 decades: the warmerst from 1850

. Las decade: the warmest ever registered

www.ipcc.ch/report/


SEA ICE EXTENSION (summer)

period 1970-2012: sea ice extension (media per year) decreased about 3.5 4.1%‐ each decade

www.ipcc.ch/report/


rise of sea level (global media): . period 1901-2010: 1.7mm/year. period 1993-2010: 3.2mm/year

AVERAGE SEA LEVEL (global media)

www.ipcc.ch/report/


2100: FUTURE CLIMATE?HOW THE TEMPERATURE CAN INCREASE?[1°C increase in 100 years is worrying]

1-1,5°C increase

4-7°C increase

without specific interventions of CO2 reduction

www.ipcc.ch/report/


2100: FUTURE CLIMATE?PRECIPITATION (AVERAGE)

10% decrease 10-20% decrease

without specific interventions of CO2 reduction

www.ipcc.ch/report/


2100: FUTURE CLIMATE?SEA LEVEL (global media)

without specific mitigation actions the level will increase about 0,8 m (global media)

www.ipcc.ch/report/


ORIGIN AREAS OF GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)


ozono

ozone layer deplation


eutrhophication


aci dif ica tio n


toxici ty


wastes


ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS

PRESERVE THE RESOURCES

less and more renewable

PREVENT THE POLLUTION

less and more bio-compatibilite emissions


ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: SCENARIOS

BIO-COMPATIBILITY resources flows compatible with the natural system

NON-INTERFERENCE “self-financing” of the artificial system’s resource flows

DEMATERIALIZATION reduction of the resources flows to satisfy a particular social demand of needs and desires


EQUITY PRINCIPLE [UN, Johannesburg, 2002] “every person, in a fair distribution of resources, has a right to the same environmental space, i.e. to the same availability of global natural resources” (or better, to the same level of “satisfaction” that can be achieved from these resources in different ways)

SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION [EU, SDS, 2006/2009] “promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive, healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities and combats discrimination in all its forms”

SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAINABILITY


. eradicating poverty

. promotion of principles and rules of democracy

. promotion of human rights and freedom

. achievement of peace and security

. access to information, training, employment

. respect for cultural diversity, regional identity

. …

THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIM.: ACTIONS


THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIMENSION: ACTIONS

11.2014: FAOTHE STATE OF THE FOOD INSECURITY IN THE WORLD

ERADICATIN POVERTY


11.2014: FAOTHE STATE OF THE FOOD INSECURITY IN THE WORLD

ERADICATIN POVERTY

THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIMENSION: ACTIONS


ECONOMIC PROSPERITY [EU, SDS, 2006/2009] promote a prosperous, innovative, knowledge-rich, competitive and eco-efficient economywhich provides high living standards and full and high-quality employment

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY


PROPER ATTRIBUTION OF THE COSTS TO RESOURCESenvironmental resources’ costs “internalisation”

ORIENTING (MAIN) ONGOING TRANSITIONSinterconnection, services, information, etc.

ENHANCING PROMISING (OF NICHE) ECONOMIC MODELSe.g. Sustainable Product-Service System (S.PSS) innovation or Distributed Economies (DE)

ECONOMIC (LEGISLATIVE) SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS


IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS

OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SHOULD USE

LESS RESOURCES THAN THE

INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY

SUSTAINABILITY: SIZE OF CHANGE

. 1993: Wuppertal institute,vari report

. 1993: WBCSD, Getting Eco-Efficient

. 2004: Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. 2013: IPCC, Climate change report…

~??%~90%


SUSTAINABILITY: QUALITY OF CHANGE

PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS

RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”)

DIFFUSED INNOVATION

PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM) INNOVATIONS


SUSTAINABILITY: TYPE OF INNOVATIONS

from the process and product innovationto the system innovation:

innovation of the value production system (of the interaction among related stakeholders) and of the mix of products and services that are together able to fulfil a particular demand of (customer) “satisfaction”

“A value system includes the value chains of a firm's supplier (and their suppliers all the way back), the firm itself, the firm distribution channels, and the firm's buyers (and presumably extended to the buyers of their products, and so on).” [Michael Porter, 2006]


“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL”

the UNITED NATIONS General Assembly (resolution 65/151)…

… has designated “2012 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL”

… and unanimously declared"2014-2024 THE DECADE OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL"

1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 14-15

Environment

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