4 States of Matter4 States of Matter

• There are four states of matter they are

• Solids: Table, Wall, Chair, Desk, etc.

• Liquids: Water, Mountain Dew, Coke

• Gases: Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Propane, Natural Gas

• Plasma: Lightning, Stars, Comet Tails, Fireballs made by Nuclear Weapons

Phase of Matter-SolidPhase of Matter-Solid

• Solids: Molecules are packed very close together in a definite structure. These molecules have low energy and high density.

Phase of Matter-LiquidPhase of Matter-Liquid

• Liquids: Molecules not as close together, but still have an attraction to each other, no definite structure. Higher energy than solids and medium density. Liquids take the shape of their container.

Phase of Matter-GasPhase of Matter-Gas

• Gas: Molecules spaced very far apart from each other, no definite structure. High energy and low density.

Phase of Matter-PlasmaPhase of Matter-Plasma

• Plasma: Molecules have very high energy, molecules are very hot and have positive or negative charges. Very rare state of matter, stars are made of plasma.

Phase Changes-MeltingPhase Changes-Melting

• Melting: Going from a solid to a liquid

• Examples: Snowman melting and an ice cube melting in your Mountain Dew making it taste watery.

• Tim and Moby on Heat

Phase Change-EvaporationPhase Change-Evaporation

• Evaporation: Material goes from a liquid to a gas.

• Example: Puddle of water forms after it rains but eventually it evaporates into moisture in the air.

Phases Changes-SublimationPhases Changes-Sublimation

• Material goes directly from a solid to a gas and skips the liquid phase.

• Example: Dry Ice or snow melting on a really warm winter day. You can see steam or water vapor coming up off the snow.

Phase Changes-CondensationPhase Changes-Condensation• Condensation: Material

goes from a gas to a liquid.• Examples: Condensation

can be left on your bedroom window when it is nice and warm inside but it is cold outside. The same thing happens when you take a shower and the hot steam from the shower hits the cold bathroom mirror.

Phase Changes-FreezingPhase Changes-Freezing

• Freezing: Going from a liquid to a solid.

• Examples: Putting ice in the freezer. Frozen frost on the ground when you wake up in the morning.

Phase Changes-DepositionPhase Changes-Deposition

• Going directly from a gas to a solid this skips the liquid phase.

• Example: Water particles in the air being frozen directly onto a car window forming a solid sheet of ice.

Phase Change DiagramPhase Change Diagram

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

• A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.

• Examples of Physical Properties:– Thermal Conductivity– State of Matter– Density– Solubility– Ductility– Malleability

Physical ChangePhysical Change

• A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, but do not form new substances.

• Examples – Phase Changes (melting, freezing etc.)– Erosion of soil– Smashing a can

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

• A chemical property is a property of matter that describes its ability to change into new substances.

• Examples of Chemical properties:– Flammability– Ability To Rust– Reactivity

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

• A chemical change happens when one or more substances are changed into new substances.

• Examples of Chemical Change– Change of odor– Formation of Gas– Rusting– Change of Color– Production of Heat– Fizzing– Sound or light given off– Change in volume of material