4. Islamic Perspectives on International Relations

8/3/2019 4. Islamic Perspectives on International Relations

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Islamic Perspectives onIslamic Perspectives on

International Relations.International Relations.


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Classical classification of statesClassical classification of states

Dar alDar al--Islam (adobe of peace)Islam (adobe of peace) Dar alDar al--HarbHarb (adobe of war)(adobe of war) Dar alDar al--ahdahd (Adobe of treaty) and Dar(Adobe of treaty) and Dar--alal--AmnAmn (adobe of security)(adobe of security)

According toAccording to FakrFakr alal--din aldin al--RaziRazi;;

DarDar--alal--ijabahijabah (Land of acceptance, Islamic(Land of acceptance, Islamiclaw prevails)law prevails)

Dar alDar al--dawahdawah (land of invitation, invite(land of invitation, inviteothers to Islamic values and principles)others to Islamic values and principles)


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The Islamic framework of world order hasThe Islamic framework of world order hasbeen explained by Abdul Hamid Abubeen explained by Abdul Hamid AbuSulayman.Sulayman.

An Islamic framework of world order couldAn Islamic framework of world order couldprovide international peace.provide international peace.

By rendering obedience to Allah, allBy rendering obedience to Allah, all

humans could enter the realm of peacehumans could enter the realm of peaceand organize their affairs and order theirand organize their affairs and order theirlives in justice.lives in justice.


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Islamic Framework of World OrderIslamic Framework of World Order

Pax IslamicaPax Islamica LibertyLiberty OpenessOpeness EgalitarianismEgalitarianism

UniversalismUniversalism


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Pax IslamicaPax Islamica

Islam believes in permanent, absolute andIslam believes in permanent, absolute anduniversal peace.universal peace.

The Charter of Peace of worldThe Charter of Peace of worldgovernment in Islam requires peacefulgovernment in Islam requires peacefulsettlement of disputes.settlement of disputes.

Every state has to disband its weapons orEvery state has to disband its weapons orsurrender them to world government.surrender them to world government.

It is mandatory for every nation.It is mandatory for every nation.


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Islam demands that all nations and allIslam demands that all nations and allpeoples enter the realm of peace, and itpeoples enter the realm of peace, and itcommands its adherents to do so bycommands its adherents to do so byenthusiasm. It justifies coercive action byenthusiasm. It justifies coercive action by

the whole against the recalcitrant nation.the whole against the recalcitrant nation.If a nation repudiates the peace acceptedIf a nation repudiates the peace acceptedby everyone else on the same universalby everyone else on the same universal

terms, Islam understands this to be aterms, Islam understands this to be adeclaration of wardeclaration of war


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Millah or religious society is the basis ofMillah or religious society is the basis ofmembership of the Islamic world order.membership of the Islamic world order.All humans are God creation, every stateAll humans are God creation, every state

irrespective of their religious beliefs isirrespective of their religious beliefs isentitled to be a member of the Islamicentitled to be a member of the Islamicworld order.world order.

The goal is to establish peace and orderThe goal is to establish peace and order

and for people to live in harmony.and for people to live in harmony.


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LibertyLiberty Human beings are born free and remain freeHuman beings are born free and remain free

until their death.until their death.

Liberty is an inherent right of an individual.Liberty is an inherent right of an individual.

Every individual has the right to be educatedEvery individual has the right to be educatedand to educate his children according to theand to educate his children according to thedictates of their millah.dictates of their millah.

Nobody may be coerced into membership of anyNobody may be coerced into membership of any

millah, including the Muslim, and anyone maymillah, including the Muslim, and anyone maymove from one millah to another if he somove from one millah to another if he sochooses.chooses.


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OpenessOpeness There should be no restrictions in the movementThere should be no restrictions in the movement

of humans.of humans.

It is up to the individuals to choose where theyIt is up to the individuals to choose where they

want to live.want to live. The artificial boundary of the state prohibits theThe artificial boundary of the state prohibits themovement of individuals from one place tomovement of individuals from one place toanother.another.

People should be free to enter, to live as well asPeople should be free to enter, to live as well asto leave.to leave. Territorial boundaries must be abolished.Territorial boundaries must be abolished.


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EgalitarianismEgalitarianism There should be no group or classThere should be no group or class

distinction in a true Islamic world order.distinction in a true Islamic world order.

People are free to join any associationPeople are free to join any associationirrespective of class or groups.irrespective of class or groups.

Any kind of apartheid built on race orAny kind of apartheid built on race orbiology, language or culture, geography orbiology, language or culture, geography or

age is an offence against humanity.age is an offence against humanity.


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UniversalismUniversalism

Universal brotherhood is one of theUniversal brotherhood is one of thefundamentals of Islamic world order.fundamentals of Islamic world order.

Need to eliminate parochial nationalismNeed to eliminate parochial nationalismbased on race or ethnicity.based on race or ethnicity.All human beings/state should beAll human beings/state should be

regarded as equal and judge on the basisregarded as equal and judge on the basisof personal merit and excellence.of personal merit and excellence.


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Basic Principles inBasic Principles in

Islamic FrameworkIslamic Framework TawhidTawhid JusticeJustice Peace and cooperationPeace and cooperation JihadJihad


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TawhidTawhid

The most fundamental principle.The most fundamental principle. Means the existence, uniqueness, unity ofMeans the existence, uniqueness, unity ofAllah.Allah.

Human beings are vicegerents andHuman beings are vicegerents andcustodians of Allah on earth and should becustodians of Allah on earth and should be

guided according to Allahs will.guided according to Allahs will.


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JusticeJustice Basic principle in Islam, which extends theBasic principle in Islam, which extends the

responsibility and commitment of allresponsibility and commitment of allMuslims towards fairness and justice in allMuslims towards fairness and justice in all

relationships.relationships. Each state in the international systemEach state in the international system

must settle their disputes through mutualmust settle their disputes through mutualunderstandings.understandings.

Postulates the principles of freedom andPostulates the principles of freedom andequality.equality.


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Peace and CooperationPeace and Cooperation

Advocates peaceful settlement of disputes.Advocates peaceful settlement of disputes. Must form a collective security pact againstMust form a collective security pact against

elements disruptive to peace.elements disruptive to peace.

And if two parties of believers falls into fighting,And if two parties of believers falls into fighting,then make peace between them. And if onethen make peace between them. And if oneparty of them does wrong to the other, fight heparty of them does wrong to the other, fight he

who does wrong till he returns to the ordinanceswho does wrong till he returns to the ordinancesof Allah. Then, if he returns, make peaceof Allah. Then, if he returns, make peacebetween them justly and act equitably. (49:9)between them justly and act equitably. (49:9)


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JihadJihad

Jihad is selfJihad is self--exertion. Applied to all forms ofexertion. Applied to all forms ofstriving.striving.

It is unholy to start war on others. PreIt is unholy to start war on others. Pre--emptiveemptivestrike is unlawful.strike is unlawful.

Struggle to remain in the honest path of life.Struggle to remain in the honest path of life. If Muslims are oppressed, they are advised toIf Muslims are oppressed, they are advised to

migrate to a more peaceful and tolerant land.migrate to a more peaceful and tolerant land.


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Basic Islamic Values in IrBasic Islamic Values in Ir

In addition to the general principles, IslamIn addition to the general principles, Islamemphasizes some basic values in bothemphasizes some basic values in both

internal and external affairs;internal and external affairs;No aggressionNo aggression

No tyrannyNo tyranny

No corruptionNo corruption

No excessesNo excesses

4. Islamic Perspectives on International Relations

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