1 3G and beyond

2

Introduction GPRS improves GSM in a number of ways:

Increases data communication speed Increases interoperability with packet switched

data networks, e.g. internet. Allows billing by data transaction rather than

billing by connection time However, GPRS itself still has some issues:

Still quite slow, especially for multimedia and other high bandwidth transmission situations

Speech quality Inconsistent user interface across different

networks

3

UMTS vs GPRS UMTS: Addition of a new radio access network

(RAN) UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial radio access network UTRAN and GSM RAN can coexist and connect to the

same core network UMTS: The CS-domain may be based on packet

based transport Evolution towards all IP Some day the CS-domain may be abandoned

Introduction of IMS (in Rel-5) IP Multimedia subsystem Supports IP based multimedia services IMS vital for locating IP address of addresses

4

Service RoadmapImproved performance, decreasing cost of delivery

Typical average bit rates (peak rates higher)

WEB browsingCorporate data accessStreaming audio/video

Voice & SMS Presence/location

xHTML browsingApplication downloadingE-mail

MMS picture / video

Multitasking

3G-specific services take advantage of higher bandwidth

and/or real-time QoS

3G-specific services take advantage of higher bandwidth

and/or real-time QoS

A number of mobile services are bearer

independent in nature

A number of mobile services are bearer

independent in nature

HSDPA1-10

Mbps

WCDMA2

Mbps

EGPRS473

kbps

GPRS171

kbps

GSM9.6

kbps

Push-to-talk

Broadbandin wide area

Video sharing Video telephonyReal-time IPmultimedia and gamesMulticasting

CD

MA

200

0-E

VD

O

CD

MA

200

0-E

VD

V

CD

MA

200

0 1

x

5

GSM Evolution to 3G

GSM9.6kbps (one timeslot)GSM DataAlso called CSD

GSM

General Packet Radio ServicesData rates up to ~ 115 kbpsMax: 8 timeslots used as any one timePacket switched; resources not tied up all the timeContention based. Efficient, but variable delaysGSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

GPRS

HSCSD

High Speed Circuit Switched DataDedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbpsGood for real-time applications compare with GPRSInefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sentNot as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)

EDGE

Enhanced Data Rates for Global EvolutionUses 8PSK modulation3x improvement in data rate on short distancesCan fall back to GMSK for greater distancesCombine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbpsCan also be combined with HSCSDWCDMA

6

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE The standardization work for UMTS is carried out

by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Data rates of UMTS are:

144 kbps for rural 384 kbps for urban outdoor 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor

Virtual Home Environment (VHE) users are consistently presented with the same

personalised features, User Interface capabilities and services in whatever network and whatever terminal, where ever the user may be located

7

UMTS Frequency Spectrum

UMTS Band 1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G

transmission  In the US, 1710–1755 MHz and 2110–

2155 MHz will be used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already used.

8

UMTS Architecture

SD

Mobile Station

MSC/VLR

Base StationSubsystem

GMSC

Network Subsystem

AUCEIR HLR

Other Networks

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

GGSNSGSN

BTS BSC

NodeB

RNC

RNS

UTRAN

SIM ME

USIMME

+

PSTN

PLMN

Internet

9

UMTS Network Architecture

UMTS network architecture consists of three domains Core Network (CN): Provide switching,

routing and transit for user traffic UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

(UTRAN): Provides the air interface access method for user equipment.

User Equipment (UE): Terminals work as air interface counterpart for base stations. The various identities are: IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI, IMEISV

10

UTRAN Wide band CDMA technology is selected for

UTRAN air interface WCDMA TD-SCDMA

Base stations are referred to as Node-B and control equipment for Node-B is called as Radio Network Controller (RNC). Functions of Node-B are

Air Interface Tx/Rx Modulation/Demodulation

Functions of RNC are: Radio Resource Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Ciphering Segmentation and reassembly

11

3.5G (HSPA)

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing WCDMA protocols 3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology in future. 1xEV-DV already supports most of the features that will be provided in 3.5G. These include:

Adaptive Modulation and Coding Fast Scheduling Backward compatibility with 3G Enhanced Air Interface

12

4G (LTE)

LTE stands for Long Term Evolution Next Generation mobile broadband

technology Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps Based on UMTS 3G technology Optimized for All-IP traffic

Lte benefits in a nutshell

Higher Speeds Low latency Faster downloads Simpler networks

Greater End-User Experience

More capacity New services Differentiation

14

Advantages of LTE

15

Comparison of LTE Speed

3GPP LTE Performance Targets

High data rates Downlink: >100 Mbps Uplink: >50 Mbps

Low delay/latency User plane RTT: <10 ms Channel set-up: <100 ms

Cost-effective migration

Key LTE radio access features

TX TX

Advanced antenna solutionsDiversityBeam-formingMulti-layer transmission (MIMO)

20 MHz1.4 MHz

Spectrum flexibilityFlexible bandwidthNew and existing bandsDuplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

SC-FDMA

OFDMALTE radio accessDownlink: OFDMUplink: SC-FDMA

18

Motivation Need for higher data rates and greater spectral efficiency

Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPAand/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE

Need for Packet Switched optimized system Evolve UMTS towards packet only system

Need for high quality of servicesUse of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality

of servicesAlways-on experience (reduce control plane

latency significantly)Reduce round trip delay

Need for cheaper infrastructureSimplify architecture, reduce number of network

elements

19

LTE performance requirements

Data Rate: Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz) Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

Cell range 5 km - optimal size 30km sizes with reasonable performance up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance

Cell capacity

up to 200 active users per cell(5 MHz) (i.e., 200 active data clients)

20

LTE performance requirements

Mobility Optimized for low mobility(0-15km/h) but supports high speed

Latency user plane < 5mscontrol plane < 50 ms

Improved spectrum efficiency Cost-effective migration from Release 6 Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) radio interface and architecture Improved broadcasting IP-optimized Scalable bandwidth of 20MHz, 15MHz, 10MHz, 5MHz and <5MHz Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, when there is no coverage, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

21

Key Features of LTE

Multiple access scheme Downlink: OFDMA Uplink: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

Adaptive modulation and coding DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM Rel-6 Turbo code: Coding rate of 1/3, two 8-state constituent

encoders, and a contention- free internal interleaver. Bandwidth scalability for efficient operation in

differently sized allocated spectrum bands Possible support for operating as single frequency

network (SFN) to support MBMS

22

Key Features of LTE(contd.)

Multiple Antenna (MIMO) technology for enhanced data rate and performance.

ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer.

Power control and link adaptation Implicit support for interference coordination Support for both FDD and TDD Channel dependent scheduling & link adaptation for

enhanced performance. Reduced radio-access-network nodes to reduce

cost,protocol-related processing time & call set-up time

23

LTE Architecture

24

LTE vs UMTS Functional changes compared to the

current UMTS architecture