NON COMMUNICABLENON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DISEASES

Diseases and Diseases and Disorders Disorders

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Non Communicable Non Communicable DiseasesDiseases

Definition: A disease that CANNOT be transmitted by people, vectors, or contaminated objects.

Common Causes: CAN be caused by either Lifestyle, Genetic conditions or hazards in the Environment

Examples-Cardiovascular Disease-Cancer-Allergies-Diabetes-Arthritis

Cardio Vascular Disease Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD)(CVD)A disease that effects the HEART,

or BLOOD VESSELS.

Cardio Vascular

Types of Cardiovascular Types of Cardiovascular DiseaseDisease1. Hypertension- High Blood Pressure

◦Blood Pressure is the force pushing against the walls of the vessels.

◦Puts added pressure on the heart and vessels and can cause damage.

Blood PressureBlood PressureSystolic: Top number: amount of

pressure put on the walls while the heart is beating.

Diastolic: Bottom number: amount of pressure put on the walls while the heart is relaxed between beats.

Causes of Hypertension Causes of Hypertension (Write 3)(Write 3)

Types of Cardiovascular Types of Cardiovascular DiseasesDiseases

2. Atherosclerosis- A disease where you have plaque build up on artery walls.

3. Arteriosclerosis- A condition where you arteries become hardened or less elastic.

Leads to Problems with the Leads to Problems with the heartheart1. Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due

to lack of oxygen to the heart.-Lasts anywhere from a few

seconds to a few minutes.2. Arrhythmias: Irregular

heartbeats-Skipping-Fast/Slow-Generally common but can

cause problems.

Heart ProblemsHeart Problems

3. Ventricular Fibrillation- A type of arrhythmia where the electrical impulse that regulates the heart beat becomes rapid or irregular.-Most common cause of cardiac arrest

Heart ProblemsHeart Problems

4. Heart attack: When the heart muscle is damaged due to lack of oxygen.

Warning Signs Pressure or squeezing in chest Pain spreading through arms, neck

abdomen or back Chest discomfort with shortness of breath

Heart ProblemsHeart Problems

5. Congestive Heart Failure When the heart weakens and can no

longer maintain it’s regular pumping rate of force.

Causes-Heart attack-Atherosclerosis-high blood pressure-Illegal drugs

Problems in the BrainProblems in the Brain

1. Stroke: When an artery supplying blood to the brain bursts or is blocked.

◦Cerebral Hemorrhage: stroke when a brain blood vessel bursts.

DiagnosisDiagnosisElectrocardiogram (EKG)

produces a graph of the heart’s electrical activity.

DiagnosisDiagnosisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

(MRI)◦Uses powerful magnets to produce

images of the heart.

DiagnosisDiagnosisAngiography

◦Thin, flexible tube guided through blood vessels to the heart.

◦Dye is injected and x rays are taken to look for obstructions in the heart.

TreatmentsTreatmentsCoronary Bypass

◦Vein taken from other part of the body to bypass the blockage.

• Angioplasty• Tube with balloon inserted to into

blocked artery. Balloon inflated to push against walls. Then deflated and removed. Metal structure may be placed to remain.

Angioplasty

TreatmentsTreatmentsPacemaker:

◦Implanted in chest and sends electrical impulses to the heart to make it beat regularly.

Risk Factors for Risk Factors for Non Communicable DiseaseNon Communicable Disease(Things that increase your chances of developing a (Things that increase your chances of developing a disease)disease)

1.  Poor Diet2.  Lack of Exercise3.  Stress4.  Tobacco, Drugs, Alcohol5.  Family History6.  Environment

How to take your blood pressure 1. Sit quietly for 3-5 minutes 2. Place the cuff one inch above the bend of the elbow tight

enough only to keep it from falling. 3.Place the disk of the stethoscope facedown under the cuff

just to the inner side of your upper arm. 4. Place stethoscope in your ears. Place the gauge in the open palm of your cuffed arm so you

can clearly see it. 5. Inflate the pump by squeezing it over and over with your

opposite hand until the pump reads about 145. Turn the knob on the pump counterclockwise to let air out

SLOWLY while you listen for heart sounds. 7. Remember the reading when you hear the first hearbeat.

This is your systolic pressure. 8. Remember when you no longer hear a heart beat. This is

your diastolic pressure.

Don’t do the rest of this Don’t do the rest of this power pointpower point

Diseases Project Diseases Project www.kidshealth.orgwww.kidshealth.org Hodgkin's Disease Types of Cancer Teens Get Cystic Fibrosis Canker Sores Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Allergies Asthma Muscular Dystrophy Osgood-Schlatter Disease Scoliosis Epilespsy Migraine Headaches Hypertension

Cancer BasicsHeart DiseaseCerebral PalsyBreast CancerAlcohol  (Alcoholism and health effects)Parkinson's DiseaseKids and Eating DisordersHow to Deal with HemopheliaSmoking StinksEek!  It's EczemaAll About Eczema

Power Point RequirementsPower Point Requirements1. Title Page with name2. 8 Slides of Organized Information

Slide Title Main Points/Summary Examples Picture if available

3. Bibliography

CreativeVisually AppealingAccurate Information

Work together!!!!Work together!!!!

Directions: In your notes work together to find the information to the following questions. Both partnerships need to write the question and answer in their own notes.

Time: You have 15 minutes

QuestionsQuestions1. Name and define CVD.2. What can happen if hypertension continues

over a long period of time?3. How is a stroke similar to a heart attack? How

is it different?4. How can you reduce your risks for developing a

CVD?5. Explain how angioplasty works and describe

what a stent is. What specific heart problem does this fix?

6. What specific heart problem does an pacemaker correct?

7. Get the book and write down 4 risk factors,4 preventative measures, and explain why they are important.

8. What are 3 risk factors that are unavoidable?

AnswersAnswers1. Name and define CVD.

-Cardiovascular disease: a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.

2. What can happen if hypertension continues over a long period of time?-It can damage the heart, blood vessels or other organs and result

in a much more serious condition.

3. How is a stroke similar to a heart attack? How is it different?-Both are caused by vascular problems, but a heart attack involves

damage to the heart and a stroke involves damage to the brain.

4. How can you reduce your risks for developing a CVD?-You can reduce your risks by staying fit and eating healthy foods.

5. Explain how angioplasty works and describe what a stent is. What specific heart problem does this fix?-You insert a balloon into a persons vein where there is a blockage.

Then inflate the balloon which enlarges the area. Then deflate and remove the balloon. Sometimes a metal wire cylinder is left behind which is a stent. This fixes atherosclerosis in particular.

AnswersAnswers6. What specific heart problem does

an pacemaker correct and how?-arrhythmias because it helps to regulate the

heart beat with electrical impulses.

7. Get the book and write down 4 risk factors,4 preventative measures, and explain why they are important.-page 693 in the book.

8. What are 3 risk factors that are unavoidable?-Heredity, gender, age