3 General Symptoms of the 3 General Symptoms of the BodyBody

FeverShockPain

FeverFeverAn increased temperature by

the body to destroy invading pathogens.–Life is protein-dependent,

soooo…….Denature them.

Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies of Feverof Fever

Infections– Viral, bacterial, fungal, rickettsial

FUO – Fever of Undetermined originCNS – CVA, Head injuriesNeoplasms – tumorsCardiovascular – MI, Bacterial

Endocarditis, CHF, Tachycardias

Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies Clinical Manifestations/Etiologies of Feverof Fever

Physical Agents– Heat Stroke, Radiation, Surgery

Chemical Agents– Drugs, Anesthesia, Anaphylaxis

PsychogenicFluid Imbalances

Fever TreatmentsFever Treatments

Remove Root Cause– Sometimes Difficult

Increased fluid intakeAlcohol spongingCold Baths/Ice BathsAntipyretic Drugs (Aspirin,

Acetaminophen)– Prostaglandin inhibition (hypothalamus)

ShockShock

Low blood perfusion through vessels.– Thus, tissue delivery is low.– Any change in flow, distribution,

reduction in blood flow will cause shock.

Shock Signs and SymptomsShock Signs and Symptoms

Ashen pallor Cold, Moist SkinRapid PulseThirstDecreased Urine OutputAcidosis

Shock SyndromesShock Syndromes

Neurogenic Shock: Psychogenic, Fainting, Syncope– Pain, trauma, unpleasant sights

“Faint at the sight of blood”

Hypovolemic: Loss of blood volume– Large wounds, progressive dehydration

Sepsis: Shock due to infection

Shock SyndromesShock SyndromesCardiogenic – MI, TachycardiasMetabolic

– Fluid alteration/Electrolyte imbalance– Uremia (First Azotemia)

Kidney Failure Uremia take a long time to develop. Azotemia is measurable, without symptoms.

Allergic - Anaphylaxis

Shock TreatmentShock Treatment

Position head lower than feetWarmth (cover up)Maintain Airway (esp. in anaphylaxis)Pain KillersFluidsVassopressor Drugs – Bring up BPDiuretics (for urine increase)

What do YOU do?What do YOU do?

Position headWarmthNo administration of fluids

without trained first aiders, doctors, medical professionals.

PainPain“Discomfort”Subjective ExperienceNociception

– Stimulation of neural pathways that causes pain to be sensed.

Treatment: Painkillers – narcotic or non-narcotic

Physical – osteopathy, physiotherapy, chiropractic

Meds– Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, muscle

relaxers, steroid injections (joints or muscles).Nerve Blocks

– Drug combo. At spinal column (painkillers, steroids). Long acting.

Joint injections– Spine, shoulders, hip

http://www.painclinic.uk.com/multidisiplinary.htm

Radiofrequency Treatments– Needle carries electric pulse to destroy sensory

nerves to an area (Spine, neck, back).Pulsed radiofrequency

– Similar procedure as Radiofrequency.– “Stuns” nerve – no permanent damage.

Stimulation Therapy– TENS (Trans-Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation)

– AcupuncturePsychological/Pain management program

– Relaxation, Information, Education, Phys. Therapy, Reconditioning.