2_unit 1 Women Entrepreneur

8/12/2019 2_unit 1 Women Entrepreneur

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Women Entrepreneurs

1Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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Women Entrepreneurs-Concept

The term Women Entrepreneurship mean, an act ofbusiness ownership and business creation thatempowers women economically, increases their

economic strength as well as position in society.

A woman entrepreneur can be defined as a confident,innovative and creative woman capable of achieving self

economic independence individually or in collaboration,generates employment opportunities for others throughinitiating, establishing and running the enterprise bykeeping pace with her personal, family and social life

- Kamal Singh 2Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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Women Entrepreneurs-Concept

Government of India has defined women entrepreneursas an enterprise owned and controlled by a womenhaving a minimum financial interest of 51% of the

capital and giving at least 51% of employmentgenerated in the enterprise to women.

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Characteristics/Traits

Women entrepreneurs share the following commoncharacteristics:

Self-motivated and self-directedHigh need for achievement

Internal locus of controlRisk taking propensity

Competence in finance and business management skillsStrong interpersonal (and communication) skills

Consensus building competencies

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Role & Functions of WomenEntrepreneurs

A Woman entrepreneur has also to perform all thefunctions involved in establishing an enterprise.These include idea generation, and screening,

determination of objectives, project preparation, productanalysis, determination of forms of business organization,completion of formal activities, raising funds, procuringmen, machine, materials and operations of business.

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Role & Functions of WomenEntrepreneurs Contd

Fredrick Harbiscon, has enumerated the following fivefunctions of a women entrepreneur: -

Exploration of the prospects of starting a new businessenterprise.

Undertaking a risk and handling of economicuncertainties involved in business.

Introduction of innovations, imitations of innovations.Co ordination, administration and control.

Supervision and leadership.

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Comparison of Men and Women EntrepreneursBasis Men Entrepreneurs Women entrepreneurs

Types Of Business

Ventures Started

Manufacturing or constructor Service related educational

services/consultancy or publicrelation

Motivation Achievement Strive to make thingshappenPersonal independence- self-image asit relates to status through their role in

the corporation is important Job satisfaction arising from the desireto control

Achievement-accomplishment Independence of a goal

Independence - to do it alone

Reasons forentering intoentrepreneurship

Dissatisfaction with present jobSideline in college, sideline to present

job, or outgrowth of present jobDischarge or layoff Opportunity for acquisition

Job frustrationInterest in and recognitionof opportunity in the areaChange in personal circumstances

Sources of Funds Personal asset and savingsBank financingInvestors Loans from friends and

family

Personal assets and savingsPersonal loans

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Comparison of Men and Women EntrepreneursBasis Men Entrepreneurs Women entrepreneurs

Occupational

Background

Experience in line of work

Recognized specialist or one whohas gained a high level of achievement in the field Competent in a variety of business

functions

Experience in area of business

Middle-management or administrative-level experiencein the field Service-related occupational background

Personality Persuasive

Goal orientedInnovative and idealisticHigh Level of self-confidenceEnthusiastic and energeticMust be own boss

Flexible and tolerant

Goal orientedCreative and realisticMedium level of self-confidence Enthusiastic andenergetic

Ability to deal with the socialand economic environment

Support Groups Friends, professionalacquaintances (lawyers,accountants)Business associates

Spouse

Close FriendsSpouseFamily , Women's professionalgroups

Trade associations 8Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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Women Entrepreneurs

Different categories of women entrepreneurs in practice in India are:

Category-I Established in big cities Having higher level technical & professional qualifications

Non traditional Items Sound financial positions

Category-II Established in cities and towns Having sufficient education

Both traditional and non traditional items Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crches, beauty parlors, health clinic

etcCategory-III

Illiterate women

Financially week Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry,

Dairy, Fisheries, Handloom, Power loom etc. 9Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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Status of Women Entrepreneurship inIndia

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Trends in Women Entrepreneurship

Womens entry into business is a new phenomenon.

It can be traced out as an extension of their kitchen activitiesmainly to 3ps viz Pickles,Powder & Pappad .

But with growing awareness about business and spread of education among women over the period, they have startedshifting from 3ps to engross to 3 modern es viz Engineering,Electronics & Energy . They have excelled in these activities.

Women entrepreneurs manufacturing solar cookers In Gujarator owning small foundries in Maharashtra or manufacturingcapacitors in Orissa, have proved beyond doubt that given theopportunities, they can excel their male counterparts.

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Women Entrepreneurship in India

Around 50 per cent of India's population is women, yetbusiness spheres such as trade, commerce and industry isstill considered a male preserve.

Entrepreneurial work has also been predominantly a man'sworld in India. Women's participation in trade, industryand commerce, requiring entrepreneurship is still poor,mainly because of the problems associated with their

gender rolesAmong the states, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnatakahave more women entrepreneurs.

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Personality traits of womenentrepreneurs

The broad classification of women business owners include:

women who establish, inherit, or acquire a business;

women who start businesses with spouses or businesspartners but are either at the forefront or behind the scenes;and finally,

women who start fast-growing or part-time or slow growing

firms.The dominant predictors of success in case of womenentrepreneurs are work experience and years of self-employment.

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Personality traits of women entrepreneurs

Risk taker

ProactiveOpportunist

VisionaryInventor

Tolerance of ambiguity

Desire forindependenceTrader

High energy

Innovator

FlexibleResults oriented

Need for achievementAll rounder

Internal control

DecisiveSelf confidentSelf Motivated

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Problems associated with womenentrepreneurs

Basically all women entrepreneurs almost suffer from two maincategory of problems, such problems can be designated asfollows:-

1) Specific Problems:-I. Problem of finances arrangement

II. Limited mobility factor in case of women entrepreneursIII. Family responsibilities, ties as well as commitments

IV. Lack of education and prevalent levels of illiteracy amongstwomen

V. Scarcity of raw materials required for productive capacities

VI. Lesser risk and uncertainty bearing attitude 15Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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Problems associated with womenentrepreneurs

General Problems:-

I Lack of self-confidence and optimistic attitude amongstwomen

II Achievement motivation of the women folk found lesscompared to male members

III. Absence of proper support and back-up for women by theirown family members and the outside world people

IV. Old and outdated social outlook to stop women fromentering in the field of entrepreneurship

V. Cut-throat competition with other group of men andestablished self sufficient entrepreneurs

VI. Domination by male and ideology of male dominated society 16Dr. Nirupma Gupta


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How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs?

Right efforts on from all areas are required in the development ofwomen entrepreneurs and their greater participation in theentrepreneurial activities. Following efforts can be taken into accountfor effective development of women entrepreneurs.

Consider women as specific target group for all developmentalprogrammes.Better educational facilities and schemes should be extended towomen folk from government part.Adequate training programme on management skills to be providedto women community.Encourage womens participation in decision -making.Vocational training to be extended to women community thatenables them to understand the production process and productionmanagement.

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How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs?Contd

Skill development to be done in womens polytechnics and industrialtraining institutes. Skills are put to work in training-cum-productionworkshops.Training on professional competence and leadership skill to beextended to women entrepreneurs.Training and counselling on a large scale of existing womenentrepreneurs to remove psychological causes like lack of self-confidence and fear of success.Counselling through the aid of committed NGOs, psychologists,managerial experts and technical personnel should be provided toexisting and emerging women entrepreneurs.

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Continuous monitoring and improvement of training programmes.Activities in which women are trained should focus on theirmarketability and profitability.Making provision of marketing and sales assistance from governmentpart.To encourage more passive women entrepreneurs , the Womentraining programme should be organised that taught to recognize herown psychological needs and express them.State finance corporations and financing institutions should permit bystatute to extend purely trade related finance to womenentrepreneurs.Womens development corporations have to gain access to financing.

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A Women Entrepreneurs Guidance Cell set up to handle the variousproblems of women entrepreneurs all over the state.District Industries Centres and Single Window Agencies should makeuse of assisting women in their trade and business guidance.Programmes for encouraging entrepreneurship among women are tobe extended at local level.Training in entrepreneurial attitudes should start at the high schoollevel through well-designed courses, which build confidence throughbehavioral games.More governmental schemes to motivate women entrepreneurs toengage in small scale and large-scale business ventures .

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How to Develop Women Entrepreneurs?Contd.

Holding regular consultations with key factors like womenentrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs associations,financial institutions, etc, to review progress and identify

new bottlenecks.Encouraging and rewarding dynamic representativeassociations of women entrepreneurs

Promoting and rewarding programmes that serve women

entrepreneurs.Thus what is required is to continue with the trend oneducating the women, spreading awareness andconsciousness among women to shine in all the fields, andmaking them aware about their rights and strengths.

21Dr. Nirupma Gupta

2_unit 1 Women Entrepreneur

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