2.5 use rpm and yum package management

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System Administration

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Key Knowledge Areas

Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM. Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures. Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.

Linux Installation and Package Management

Use RPM and YUM package management

Terms and Utilities

rpm rpm2cpio /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d/ yum yumdownloader

2

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RPM and YUM package management

Red Hat introduced RPM in 1995. RPM is the package management system used for packaging in the Linux Standard Base (LSB).

RPM (Red Hat Package Manager), is made up of several parts:

Package files (*.rpm); RPM database; rpm tool

RPM Overview

3

rpm tool: [Querying, verifying] [Installing, upgrading, removing] [miscellaneous functions]

RPM packages naming scheme: package-version-patch.architecture.rpm (Ex: ethereal-0.8.9-1.i386.rpm)

RPM database: Info about every package installed. Kept in /var/lib/rpm directory.

every time that rpm cmd is used the database is consulted (On error or inconsistencies run: rpm –rebuilddb)

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Validating package integrity - rpm -K package_file.rpm or rpm --checksig

RPM includes functions to check integrity of a package, using the MD5 algorithm and the GnuPG tool.

RPM use

4

Red Hat’s public key package maintainer is available on its FTP site and is named RPM-GPG-KEY

[root@redhat /root]# gpg --import RPM-GPG-KEYgpg: key DB42A60E: public key importedgpg: /root/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb createdgpg: Total number processed: 1gpg: imported: 1

Ex:

If the package validates correctly:

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -K wget-1.5.3-6.src.rpmwget-1.5.3-6.src.rpm: md5 gpg OK

If the package isn’t valid:

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -K wget-1.5.3-10.i386.rpmwget-1.5.3-10.i386.rpm: rpmReadSignature failed

GnuPG tool: Public key encryption package to check authenticity source of a file or doc and to encrypt communications. www.gnupg.org

PGP tool: Some packages use PGP to check integrity while others use GnuPG. www.pgpi.com

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Installing packages - rpm -i package_file.rpm or rpm --install package_file.rpm

1.Many options contain a long and short version: -i and --install

2.Installs multiple packages: rpm -i first_package_file.rpm second_package_file.rpm or rpm -i *.rpm

3.can use wildcards when installing or upgrading packages, but not when removing packages.

4.can also get packages from Internet: rpm -i ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/redhat/redhat-7.0/i386/en/RedHat/RPMS//libpcap-0.4-29.i386.rpmrpm -i http://rpmfind.net/linux/redhat/redhat-7.0/i386/en/RedHat/RPMS//libpcap-0.4-29.i386.rpm

5.Option -v shows the name of the package installed. Option -h shows hash marks as the package is installed to show status.

6.By default, rpm will not let you overwrite a file from another package.Overwrite options: --force Forces rpm to overwrite existing packages or files.

--nodeps Bypasses dependency checking. Useful if you have installed a dependency by other means.

--replacefiles Overwrite files owned by other packages.

RPM use

5

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Upgrading packages - rpm -U package_file.rpm or Rpm --upgrade package_file.rpm

1.Recommended option -v and option -h Like in rpm install

2.Upgrade option first removes old version, it will save any modified config files with the .rpmsave extension.

3.Option -F (or --freshen), upgrades packages only if theres an older version installed.

RPM use

6

command attempts to upgrade any installed package with a newer package.

[root@redhat]# rpm -Fvh *.rpm

Ex:

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Removing packages - rpm -e package_name or rpm --uninstall package_name1.When removing a package, use package name not the filename.

2.Wildcards do not work when removing packages.

3.By default dependency check will not let to remove a package if another depends on it

RPM use

7

Option --nodeps can be used to override default dependency check.

[root@redhat]# rpm -e libpcaperror: removing these packages would break dependencies:libpcap >= 0.4 is needed by ethereal-0.8.9-1

Ex:

When a package is removed, rpm saves any configuration files that were changed from the default. (.rpmsave) This way you can reinstall the package later without needing to reconfigure it.

[root@redhat]# ls /etc/pine*/etc/pine.conf

[root@redhat]# rpm -e pine

[root@redhat]# ls /etc/pine*/etc/pine.conf.rpmsave

[root@redhat]#

Ex:

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Query RPM db: Listing install packages - rpm -q package_name or rpm --query package_name

RPM database stored in /var/lib/rpm holds information about every package installed on the system.

2.Wildcards do not work when removing packages.

3.By default dependency check will not let to remove a package if another depends on it

RPM use

8

Use Option -a To list every package installed on the system.

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -q kernelkernel-2.2.14-5.0

Ex:

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -qaEx:

Combine with grep to see which groups of packages are installed.

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -qa | grep kernelkernel-headers-2.2.14-5.0kernel-2.2.14-5.0kernel-pcmcia-cs-2.2.14-5.0kernel-utils-2.2.14-5.0

Ex:

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Query RPM db: Checking package that installed a file - Add Option –f to –q rpm -qf filename

RPM use

9

bashrc file was installed by package bash-1.14.7-22

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -qf /etc/bashrcbash-1.14.7-22

Ex:

Query RPM db: Listing files in a package - Add Option –l to –q rpm -ql filename

[root@redhat /root]# rpm -ql openssh-clients/etc/ssh/ssh_config/usr/bin/slogin/usr/bin/ssh/usr/bin/ssh-add/usr/bin/ssh-agent/usr/man/man1/slogin.1.gz/usr/man/man1/ssh-add.1.gz/usr/man/man1/ssh-agent.1.gz/usr/man/man1/ssh.1.gz

Ex:

list all files in the openssh-clients

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Query RPM db: list files that will install with package use -Add Option –i to –q rpm -qi package_name

RPM use

10

information about the installed Linux kernel

[root@redhat /etc]# rpm -qi kernelName : kernel Relocations: (not relocateable)Version : 2.2.14 Vendor: Red Hat, Inc.Release : 5.0 Build Date: Tue 07 Mar 2000 09:13:08 PM ESTInstall date: Wed 01 Nov 2000 06:58:30 PM EST Build Host: porky.devel.redhat.comGroup : System Environment/Kernel Source RPM: kernel-2.2.14-5.0.src.rpmSize : 11973135 License: GPLPackager : Red Hat, Inc. <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla>Summary : The Linux kernel (the core of the Linux operating system).Description :The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of yourRed Hat Linux operating system. The kernel handles the basic functionsof the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, deviceinput and output, etc.

Ex:

Query RPM db: Printing package scripts - Add Option –p to –q rpm -qp --scripts package_file.rpm

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Verifying package files change - rpm -V package_nameVerify a package using package filename - option -p rpm -Vp package_file.rpmVerify every package installed on system - option - a rpm -Va package_file.rpm

RPM use

11

Package Verification CharacteristicsItem Meaning. No change for this characteristic5 The MD5 checksum has changedS File size has changedL Symbolic link has changedT Modification time has changedD The device major and/or minor number has changedU User owner has changedG group owner has changedM Permission and/or file type has changed

[root@redhat /etc]# rpm -V setupS.5....T c /etc/hosts.allow......G. c /etc/profileS.5....T c /etc/services

Ex:

the hosts.allow file and services file, the file size, MD5 checksum, and modification time have changed. For the profile file, the group owner has changed, but nothing else.

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Creating binary packages from source RPM packages - rpm -i command.places files into /usr/src/redhat

RPM use

12

Subdirectories in /usr/src/redhatDirectory Purpose/usr/src/redhat/ SOURCES Contains the application source code/usr/src/redhat/ SPECS Contains the RPM spec file/usr/src/redhat/ BUILD Where source code is built/usr/src/redhat/ RPMS Contains the final binary RPM/usr/src/redhat/ SRPMS Contains the source RPM built by the process

The spec file for a package controls how the package is compiled and the scripts that run when it is installed or removed. named /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/package_name.spec.

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RPM use

13

The spec file has 8 sections:spec File Section Description

1.Header General information such as summary, name, version, and so on

2.Prep Shell scripts that do any work needed before the compile process

3.Build Commands to build the spec file and compile the source code

4.Install Commands needed to install the software on a system

5.Clean Optional cmds to clean up the build environment, in case this package is rebuilt again6.File List List of files in the package7.Changelog Log of any changes you make to the package

8.Optional Install Scripts that may be run during install or uninstall of the packageand Uninstall Scripts

%build#./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc

%configure --sysconfdir=/etcmake

Ex: sample build section from the spec file for the wget application:

changes to the compile process are made here. After all of the appropriate modifications have been made, the binary package needs to be built. (The binary package will be put in the /usr/src/redhat/RPMS directory)This is done with the -ba option for rpm. rpm -ba package.spec

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YUM use

14

Yellowdog Updater Modified (YUM)Originally developed to manage Red Hat Linux systems at Duke University's Physics department.

$ gcl --helpbash: gcl: command not found

$ which gcl/usr/bin/which: no gcl in (/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/lib64/ccache:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/user/bin)

$ type gclbash: type: gcl: not found

Ex:

YUM adds automatic updates, package management, dependency management, to RPM.YUM, like APT, works with repositories - collections of packages, accessible over a network.

Ex. YUM vs RPM: <For Missing gcl command>

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YUM use

15

# rpm -i gcl-2.6.8-0.6.20090701cvs.fc12.x86_64.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:gcl-selinux is needed by gcl-2.6.8-0.6.20090701cvs.fc12.x86_64

Ex:

Ex. YUM vs RPM: Installing gcl with rpm

rpm knows that package has dependency, but it won't help resolve that dependency. You will need to get the dependencies one by one, or write all the dependencies at once.

YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) provides a function like apt-get.

It would install gcl and the required gcl-selinux prerequisite using yum with install option.

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YUM use

16

# yum install gcl

Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekitSetting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package gcl.x86_64 0:2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: gcl-selinux for package: gcl-2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package gcl-selinux.x86_64 0:2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=====================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size=====================================================================================Installing:gcl x86_64 2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 updates 6.3 MInstalling for dependencies:gcl-selinux x86_64 2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 updates 17 kTransaction Summary=====================================================================================Install 2 Package(s)Upgrade 0 Package(s)Total download size: 6.4 MInstalled size: 40 MIs this ok [y/N]: y.. // ..

Ex:

Ex. YUM vs RPM: Installing gcl with yum

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YUM use

17

How does yum know where to download packages from?

YUM and RPM use a local database to determine what packages are installedDefault location is /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory, usually contains several repo files.

There may be other locations in the YUM configuration file - normally /etc/yum.conf.

repo file is divided in 3 three sections:1 for normal packages, 1 for debug packages, 1 for source packages.

use command yum clean to clean out various parts of the locally stored infoUse yum makecache to create info in local database for the enabled repos.

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YUM use

18

$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-updates.repo[updates]name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updatesfailovermethod=priority#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-f$releasever&arch=$basearchenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[updates-debuginfo]name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updates - Debugfailovermethod=priority#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-debug-f$releasever&arch=$basearchenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch[updates-source]name=Fedora $releasever - Updates Sourcefailovermethod=priority#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=updates-released-source-f$releasever&arch=$basearchenabled=0gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-$basearch

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YUM use

19

Removing a dependent package with yum

# yum remove gcl-selinux

Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekitSetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package gcl-selinux.x86_64 0:2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 set to be erasedProcessing Dependency: gcl-selinux for package: gcl-2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package gcl.x86_64 0:2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 set to be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=====================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size=====================================================================================Removing:gcl-selinux x86_64 2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 @updates 90 kRemoving for dependencies:gcl x86_64 2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 @updates 40 MTransaction Summary=====================================================================================Remove 2 Package(s)Reinstall 0 Package(s)Downgrade 0 Package(s)Is this ok [y/N]: nExiting on user CommandComplete!

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licen

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cha

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wed


YUM use

20

Updating using yum update

# yum update 'gr*'Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekitSetting up Update ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package grep.x86_64 0:2.6.3-1.fc12 set to be updated---> Package groff.x86_64 0:1.18.1.4-20.fc12 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=====================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size=====================================================================================Updating:grep x86_64 2.6.3-1.fc12 updates 228 kgroff x86_64 1.18.1.4-20.fc12 updates 1.5 MTransaction Summary=====================================================================================Install 0 Package(s)Upgrade 2 Package(s)Total download size: 1.7 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Setting up and reading Presto delta metadataProcessing delta metadata.. // ..

Ex:

Core

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r Red

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lear

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2E

very

one

is p

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itted

to

copy

and

dis

trib

ute

verb

atim

cop

ies

of t

his

licen

se d

ocum

ent,

cha

ngin

g is

allo

wed


YUM use

21

Displaying information

$ yum list gcl

Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekitInstalled Packagesgcl.x86_64 2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12 @updates

$ rpm -q gcl

gcl-2.6.8-0.7.20100201cvs.fc12.x86_64

Ex:

Core

Lin

ux fo

r Red

Hat

and

Fed

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lear

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und

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NU

Fre

e D

ocum

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tion

Lice

nse

- Co

pyle

ft (c

) Acá

cio

Oliv

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201

2E

very

one

is p

erm

itted

to

copy

and

dis

trib

ute

verb

atim

cop

ies

of t

his

licen

se d

ocum

ent,

cha

ngin

g is

allo

wed


YUM use

22

Displaying information

$ yum info gclLoaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekitInstalled PackagesName : gclArch : x86_64Version : 2.6.8Release : 0.7.20100201cvs.fc12Size : 40 MRepo : installedFrom repo : updatesSummary : GNU Common LispURL : http://www.gnu.org/software/gcl/License : GPL+ and LGPLv2+Description: GCL is a Common Lisp currently compliant with the ANSI standard.: Lisp compilation produces native code through the intermediary of: the system's C compiler, from which GCL derives efficient: performance and facile portability. Currently uses TCL/Tk as GUI.

Ex:

$ rpm -qi gclName : gcl Relocations: (not relocatable)Version : 2.6.8 Vendor: Fedora Project.. // ..GCL is a Common Lisp currently compliant with the ANSI standard. Lispcompilation produces native code through the intermediary of thesystem's C compiler, from which GCL derives efficient performance andfacile portability. Currently uses TCL/Tk as GUI.

Core

Lin

ux fo

r Red

Hat

and

Fed

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lear

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und

er G

NU

Fre

e D

ocum

enta

tion

Lice

nse

- Co

pyle

ft (c

) Acá

cio

Oliv

eira

201

2E

very

one

is p

erm

itted

to

copy

and

dis

trib

ute

verb

atim

cop

ies

of t

his

licen

se d

ocum

ent,

cha

ngin

g is

allo

wed

Fim de sessão

23

2.5 use rpm and yum package management

Technology

Transcript of 2.5 use rpm and yum package management